Alphabet small letter


English Alphabet - Worldometer

  • W
  • Languages
  • English Alphabet

The English alphabet consists of 26 letters. Each letter has an uppercase ("capital letter") and a lowercase ("small letter") form.

# Capital
Letter
Small
Letter
Phonic
(pronunciation)
Name
1 A a /eɪ/, /æ/ a
2 B b /biː/ bee
3 C c /siː/ cee
4 D d /diː/ dee
5 E e /iː/ e
6 F f /ɛf/ ef
7 G g /dʒiː/ gee
8 H h /(h)eɪtʃ/ (h)aitch
9 I i /aɪ/ i
10 J j /dʒeɪ/ jay
11 K k /keɪ/ kay
12 L l /ɛl/ el
13 M m /ɛm/ em
14 N n /ɛn/ en
15 O o /oʊ/ o
16 P p /piː/ pee
17 Q q /kjuː/ cue
18 R r /ɑːr/ ar
19 S s /ɛs/ ess
20 T t /tiː/ tee
21 U u /juː/ u
22 V v /viː/ vee
23 W w /ˈdʌbəl. juː/ double-u
24 X x /ɛks/ ex
25 Y y /waɪ/ wy
26 Z z /zi/zɛd/ zee/zed

Notes

  • Five of the letters in the English Alphabet are vowels: A, E, I, O, U.
  • The remaining 21 letters are consonants: B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Z, and usually W and Y.
    Written English includes the digraphs: ch ci ck gh ng ph qu rh sc sh th ti wh wr zh. These are not considered separate letters of the alphabet.
  • Two letters, “A” and “I,” also constitute words.
  • Until fairly recently (until 1835), the 27th letter of the alphabet (right after "z") was the ampersand (&).
  • The English Alphabet is based on the Latin script, which is the basic set of letters common to the various alphabets originating from the classical Latin alphabet.

Old English

  • The Old English alphabet letters were 29: A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z & ⁊ Ƿ Þ Ð Æ
  • The Old English alphabet was recorded in the year 1011 by a monk named Byrhtferð and included the 24 letters of the Latin alphabet (including ampersand) and 5 additional English letters: Long S (ſ), Eth (Ð and ð), Thorn (þ), Wynn (ƿ) and Ash (ᚫ; later Æ and æ).
  • With respect to Modern English, Old English did not include J, U, and W.

See Also:

  • NATO Phonetic Alphabet

English Alphabet | Writing | EnglishClub

An alphabet is a set of letters or symbols that we use to represent the basic speech sounds of a language in writing.

This page looks at writing the English alphabet. You can read about pronouncing the English alphabet here.

The English word "alphabet" comes from the Latin word "alphabetum". The Latin word "alphabetum" came from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, "alpha" and "beta".

Letters of the English Alphabet

The English alphabet has 26 letters, starting with a and ending with z. Below you see the whole alphabet.

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

The letters above are "small letters". But they can also be written as "large letters" - see below.The letters of the alphabet are also sometimes called "characters".

Small and Large Letters

We can write each letter of the English alphabet as a "small letter" (abc) or as a "large letter" (ABC). Large letters are also called "capital letters" or "capitals".

Below you see the whole alphabet with small letters on the left and capitals on the right:

 a A b B c C d D e E f F g G h H i I j J k K l L m M n N o O p P q Q r R s S t T u U v V w W x X y Y z Z

In informal English, we sometimes call capitals just "caps".

Small letters are sometimes called "lower case" and large letters "upper case". This is because in the old days of printing, before computers, the metal blocks for setting type were kept in two different boxes or "cases": small letters in the bottom or lower case, large letters in the top or upper case.

Font Styles

Printed letters of the alphabet come in different styles or designs. Each style is called a "font". This page shows all 26 characters, as small and large letters, in 5 different styles. Each column displays a different font style, in this order:

  1. Serif: with serifs, or little projections, at the end of most strokes
  2. Fixed-width: like old typewriter lettering - each letter is about the same width, so "i" takes up the same space as "w"
  3. Sans-serif: with no serifs
  4. Cursive: like handwriting
  5. Fantasy: fancy, artistic

Alphabetical Order

The English alphabet starts with the letter a and finishes with the letter z. We always write the alphabet in the same order:

a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k-l-m-n-o-p-q-r-s-t-u-v-w-x-y-z

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z

This order is called "alphabetical order". We often write lists in alphabetical order. For example, to write a list of countries in alphabetical order, we start with countries that begin with the letter A, then with countries that begin with B, and so on. For example:

  • Australia
  • Brazil
  • Canada

If more than one word begins with the letter A, we put them in order based on the second letter, and then the third letter, and so on:

  • Algeria
  • Argentina
  • Belgium
  • Benin
  • Bermuda

We use alphabetical order for many things, for example:

  • dictionaries
  • indexes of books
  • telephone directories

When you write any list, it is a good idea to use alphabetical order. This makes it easy for your reader to find a particular item in the list.

Uppercase and lowercase letters in Russian

Letters of the Russian alphabet have two options for graphic display: uppercase, or uppercase, and lowercase, or small.

Our speech consists of sounds. When we need to write down our thoughts or statements on paper, special graphic icons are used for this - letters . The set of letters arranged in a certain order is alphabet . In total, there are 33 letters in Russian, each of which has two options for graphic display, for example:

  • V - c
  • D - d
  • W - w

Capital letters

A bit of history

In ancient times, large, capital letters were written only at the beginning of the book, as well as chapters, sometimes paragraphs. Each piece of text began with a beautifully designed, ornate capital letter. Such letters were not just written, but drawn or written. That's where this "speaking" name of the initial capital letters of the handwritten text comes from.

In the monuments of the 16th century, especially after the introduction of printing, they began to write a capital letter at the beginning of each sentence after a dot. In later works, there is occasionally a capital letter in the proper names of people and city names. The first attempt to systematize the use of capital letters in the XVII century was made by M. Smotrytsky, who wrote a grammar in which he recommended starting each sentence with a capital letter, as well as the beginning of each line of verses, proper names, and even the names of sciences: Grammar, Logic, etc.

The next attempt to streamline the rules for the use of capital letters was made by Academician J. K. Grot. His reference book for schools "Russian Spelling" ran through twenty editions.

Capitalization

The choice of capitalization is based on the semantics of the words. The main postulate of spelling is that proper names are written with a capital letter, for example:

1. names, surnames, nicknames, pseudonyms, nicknames, names of characters in literary works:

  • Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov,
  • Saltykov-Shchedrin,
  • Demyan poor,
  • Ekaterina the Great,
  • Richard Lione Heart,
  • Elephant and Moska,
  • Strrazra and Murasey.
  • Pinocchio and Malvina,
  • Santa Claus,
  • Murka cat:
  • White Bim Black Ear.

If the proper name of a literary hero is used in a pejorative sense and becomes a generalized common noun, then in the plural form it is written with a lowercase letter:

  • plushkins,
  • sobakevichs,
  • raskolnikovs,
  • boxes,
  • whips,
  • silences.

2. The names of international organizations, state bodies, the highest state positions, official and unofficial names of states are written with a capital letter:

  • 0012
  • President of the Russian Federation,
  • Chancellor Germany,
  • State Duma,
  • Federal Assembly,
  • Administration of the President of the Russian Federation,
  • Upper House of the State Duma,
  • Republic of Poland,
  • Republic of Tuva,
  • Korolevskaya Saudi Arabia .

However, in the unofficial text, the names of the highest positions of states without indicating a specific person are written with a lowercase letter, for example:

The implementation of the agreements concluded will be controlled by the presidents of these countries.

3. Geographical and astronomical names are capitalized, except for generic names (city, river, mountain, region, region, street, star, constellation, etc.) ,

  • South Pole,
  • Red Sea,
  • Ursa Major,
  • Milky Way,
  • Canis Major constellation,
  • Andromeda nebula,
  • Sea of ​​Rains.
  • 4. The name of historical eras and events, the names of the calendar periods and celebrations are written with the capital letter:

    • Renaissance,
    • Ancient Rome,
    • era of the Victory Day,
    • 9001 Olympic Games,
    • May 1, March 8.

    But the names of ongoing events are capitalized:

    • alumni meeting:
    • birthday,
    • donor day,
    • open day,
    • Saturday,
    • Sunday.

    5. Names associated with religion are written with a capital letter:

    • God, Savior, Creator, Jehovah, Sabaoth, Yahweh,
    • Jesus Christ, Virgin Mary, Queen of Heaven,
    • 0 Allah, Shiva2
    • Holy Mother of God,
    • St. Basil the Great, Blessed Xenia, Apostle Paul,
    • Bible, Psalter, Quran, Talmud, Vedas,
    • Church of the Icon of the Mother of God, Notre Dame Cathedral,
    • Palm Sunday, Trinity, Elias Day, Nativity of Christ, Ramadan, Great post, Christmas.

    But the names of church services are written with a lowercase letter:

    Liturgy, Vespers, Matins, Mass, Vespers, Compline.

    6. Pronouns you, you, your are written with a capital letter as a form of politeness when referring to a specific person in letters, official documents and business correspondence.

    Lowercase letters

    Lowercase letters are letters that are written in a line, i. e. between the bottom line and the top line of the line. According to the graphic outlines, these are small letters, all of the same height.

    Lowercase letters differ in size from uppercase letters, which are capitalized at the beginning of a sentence or in the spelling of proper names.

    Uppercase and lowercase letters distinguish between proper nouns and common nouns, for example:

    • dog Bug - the granddaughter called the bug (the fairy tale "Turnip"),
    • severe frost - Santa Claus,
    • big elephant - Elephant and Pug (characters of I. A. Krylov's fable).

    The same words can be written in both lowercase and capital letters. Let's observe:

    • May has come - the holiday of May 1,
    • boys' games - Goodwill Games,
    • a week has passed - the Week of Slavic Literature.

    Video tutorial

    Lowercase Latin letters are an example - Dudom Lowercase letters are used by default for writing texts in all cases, except for those where the rules require the use of uppercase (large) letters.

    For example, the letter "a" is lowercase, and "A" is uppercase [1] [2] .

    Lower case letters are used in European alphabets: Greek, Latin, Cyrillic and Armenian [2] .

    Initially, when writing, only capital letters were used, with clearly defined upper and lower boundaries. Later, with the development of writing, ordinary letters begin to be opposed to initials (in European languages, this occurs in the 11th-15th centuries). With the development of cursive writing, the shape of the letters became more rounded, which resulted, for example, in such a form of writing as the uncial. In Cyrillic, lowercase letters appear in the 18th century with the introduction of civil script [2] .

    Contents

    Appearance [edit | edit code]

    Latin alphabet [edit | edit code]

    The modern standard Latin alphabet consists of 26 uppercase and the same number of lowercase letters: [3]

    uppercase A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W x Y Z
    lower case a b c d and f g h and k l m n or p q r s t and v w x and z

    Cyrillic [edit | edit code]

    Modern Russian Cyrillic consists of 33 uppercase and the same number of lowercase letters: [3]

    uppercase A B B G D E Yo F Z and Y K L M H O P R C T W F X C H W SC b S b E Yu I
    lower case a b to g d e e w s and and to l m n about p p with t at f x c h sh w ъ s e y i

    Greek alphabet [edit | edit code]

    Modern Greek uses 24 uppercase and 25 lowercase letters: [4]

    uppercase A Β - Δ E Z H Θ Ι K Λ M N Ξ Ο Π P Σ Τ y Φ x Ψ Ω
    lower case α β γ δ e ζ η θ ι κ λ μ v ξ ο π ρ σ, ς τ υ φ x ψ w

    Armenian alphabet [edit | edit code]

    The modern Armenian alphabet consists of 38 uppercase and the same number of lowercase letters: [3]

    All 26 printed letters of the basic Latin alphabet in the table with numbering and translation into Russian
    No. Latin letter. (uppercase - lowercase) Russian pronunciation
    1 A - a a
    2 B - b be
    3 C - c ce
    4 D - d de
    5 E-e e
    6 F - f eff
    7 G-g ge
    8 H - h ha/ash
    9 I - i and
    10 J - j iot/zhi
    11 K - k ka
    12 L - l el
    13 M - m em
    14 N - n en
    15 O - o about
    16 P - p pe
    17 Q - q ku
    18 R - r er
    19 S - s es
    20 T - t te
    21 U - u at
    22 V-v ve
    23 W - w double-ve
    24 X - x x
    25 Y - y Y/Upsilon
    26 Z - z zed

    • The classical Latin alphabet of the Roman Empire consisted of 23 letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Y, Z.
    • The letters J, U, W appeared much later.

    I can't work out how many letters there must be in the complete real Latvian alphabet.

    Standard consists of twenty-six alphabetic characters. This plate shows the newest version, and it is he who is officially approved in the statutes of the international organization for standardization.

    What is Latin?

    In short, this is the old common European script. It is based on most of today's languages ​​of the countries of the European Union: English, German and French ... True, in each case with its own language differences.

    is how they wrote in Ancient Rome. In ancient times it was called Latin. The Roman Empire planted its speech everywhere it could reach.

    The Latin alphabet and English are the same

    It's okay to fill in

    You opened my eyes, I don't know how I can continue to live with this great knowledge.

    I'm for you bro, I believe you will be able to shed light on this secret. The world needs to be told the truth. Start your world tour.

    font on the keyboard.

    Almost no one speaks Latin now, so it is still commonly called a dead language.

    Use:
    Medicine, names of diseases, in prescriptions…
    Chemistry…
    Lawyers…
    Historians…
    Archaeologists.

    Globalization will suffocate, with each century the need for it will become less. Yes, and there will be fewer specialists in these areas.

    Capitals are what signs

    Are they Large or they are also called by the people CAPITALS.
    I suspect that you are confused about the question, but in fact you wanted to find handwritten ones on the net. Well good luck to you.

    Handwritten in a notebook

    Excellent work, lowercase and uppercase written without errors ATP

    Scanword lat. small letter word with 7 letters. I don't want to guess, who knows which one is sure? It means W or Y

    Previously, the Etruscans sang

    Along with classical Latin, there was the so-called vulgar, or folk Latin, i. e. colloquial. It was he who spread the Roman soldiers and settlers to the occupied territories. Overlaying the languages ​​of the indigenous population of these territories, colloquial (folk. Vulgar) Latin gave new Romance languages ​​​​and dialects (Roma - Rome; romanus - Roman): Italian, Spanish, Sardinian, Sicilian, French, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh languages, Dalmatian ( now dead), Gallic and many other smaller ones.

    latin how to add ancient language characters m

    Latin letters may be needed for various purposes, for example, to write scientific terms, old city names or names of historical figures. Fortunately, this is not a problem at all, since they are present on any computer keyboard, you just need to switch the layout. In this short article, we will tell you how to type lowercase and uppercase Latin letters on a computer or laptop keyboard.

    Set of Latin letters on the keyboard

    The English keyboard layout is usually used for typing lowercase and uppercase letters of the Latin alphabet. The English alphabet is based on the Latin, so all letters look exactly the same. Therefore, in order to type Latin letters on the keyboard, you need to switch to the English layout.

    Most Windows computers use one of two keyboard shortcuts to switch between layouts: ALT-SHIFT or CTRL-SHIFT. You can try one combination first, and then another. One of these options should work and switch the keyboard layout.

    You can watch the keyboard layout change by the icon located in the lower right corner of the screen, next to the system clock. This icon shows the current keyboard layout.

    If you find it difficult to switch the keyboard layout using key combinations, then you can do it with the mouse. To do this, click on the icon that displays the current language and select English.

    After you switch the keyboard layout to English, you can type Latin letters using the English alphabet, which is always present on any computer keyboard.

    Lowercase and uppercase Latin letters

    The set of lowercase and uppercase Latin letters is no different from the set of letters from any other alphabet. To do this, use the SHIFT or CAPS LOCK keys.

    The CAPS LOCK key got its name from the English capitals lock, which can be translated as “fixation on capital letters”. By pressing this key, you switch the keyboard to a set of uppercase letters. In the future, the keyboard will only type uppercase letters until you press CAPS LOCK again, thereby switching the keyboard to lowercase.

    The SHIFT key is a modifier key and usually changes the behavior of other keys. When typing letters, the SHIFT key is responsible for switching between lowercase and uppercase letters. If CAPS LOCK is off and you are typing lowercase letters, pressing the letter together with the SHIFT key will cause the letter to be capitalized. If CAPS LOCK is on and you are typing in capital letters, then pressing the letter together with the SHIFT key will have the opposite effect, you will get a lowercase letter.

    Troubleshooting Latin letters

    If there is no English layout in the list of your layouts, you will not be able to use Latin letters.


    Learn more