Lexile level look up

How To Determine Your Child’s Reading Level And Choose The Best Books

When you sit down to read a book, you want to enjoy the story in front of you. The same is true for your child. That’s why uncovering your child’s reading level is an important step in fostering their love of words from a young age!

Consider the different factors that allow kids to enjoy the books they read. For example, does it tie into their interests, and is it slated as an appropriate option for their level? By answering these questions, you can make sure they’re reading books that are just right for them!

If your child is in school, you’re probably no stranger to jargon like “reading level.” But what exactly does Lexile Framework, Guided Reading Levels (GRL), or Developmental Reading Assessment (DRA) actually mean?

Additionally, if your child is just starting to read on their own (or already reading independently) and is learning from home, how can you figure out what reading level is right for them? If any of these thoughts have crossed your mind, you’ve come to the right place.

We’re here to answer your questions so you and your child can sit down and enjoy a good book together!

What Is A Reading Level?

A reading level is simply a measure of your child’s ability to read text. It reflects how well your little one can read independently. Importantly, reading levels help you choose books that are a good match for your child while still presenting a challenge.

Keep in mind these levels are meant to be helpful, not stressful. They don’t limit your child, but, rather, help them blossom into a fluent, excited reader.

When your child reads books that are appropriate for their current reading level, it boosts their confidence so they can truly enjoy reading! Also, knowing what level your child is at allows you to work with them to improve their skills.

That being said, it’s important to remember that children are unique and develop differently. Comparing your child to their peers isn’t necessarily the best approach when trying to assess their reading ability.

Why Is Determining Reading Level Important?

It’s helpful to determine your child’s reading level so you can find books that are appropriate for them to read on their own: not too difficult but challenging enough to encourage growth.

Reading level classification is a convenient tool you can use when searching online or at the library. And when you provide books that are on your child’s level, you create excitement and build their confidence, which can lead to a lifetime love of learning and reading!

If you’re looking for ways to help your little one read at the best level for them, Our new app HOMER Learn & Grow has a Stories section that gives age-appropriate story recommendations!

This is a great resource that takes your child’s specific interests and recommends stories just for them. What’s more, your child can choose to read along or read on their own.

How Is Your Child’s Reading Level Measured?

Your child’s reading level is usually measured at their school in first or second grade, and we’ll show you how that’s done. Here’s a tip: since your child’s teacher knows their reading level, consider asking the teacher (or the school librarian) for books your child can read at home.

Don’t worry if your child isn’t in school yet or if they’re homeschooled. We’ll show you how you can measure their reading level at home, too!

Before we dive in, it’s important to note that we think of books for kids at three levels: independent reading, instructional reading, and frustrating to read.

As the names indicate, independent reading books are ones a child can read with ease and without support from an adult.

Instructional ones are the books just above independent that teachers might use to stretch a child’s reading as they offer support while the child makes that next step. Finally, frustrating books are too hard for a child to read even with adult guidance.

Now that you have an idea of how to think of the different books your child might encounter, let’s talk about the tools used for determining or describing reading levels.

Lexile Framework For Reading

Lexile Framework For Reading is an educational tool that ranks books by order of their difficulty using a scale called a Lexile. Usually, your child’s teacher will determine their Lexile reading level and then choose books that have a matching score.

The Lexile score, or measure, describes your child’s reading ability and matches them with books and other reading materials. This measure ranges anywhere from 0L to 2000L.

Kids are encouraged to read within their Lexile “range” — 50L above to 100L below their actual level. For instance, if your little one is reading with a Lexile measure of 500L, they would read books ranging anywhere from 400L to 550L.

Using standardized assessments, schools will often measure a child’s reading level several times a year to help them select books that are appropriate for independent reading.

Guided Reading Levels (GRL)

GRL is a guided reading system used in some schools.

To determine reading levels using GRL, children sit one-on-one with their teacher and read from a book that’s considered standard for their grade level — a “benchmark” book. GRL books range from A to Z with A being the easiest.

While reading these books, the teacher will take notes on any missed words and ask comprehension questions, such as, “When did the story take place?” or, “What was the problem in the story?”.

Through guided instruction, the teacher will gradually move children into more difficult books.

Developmental Reading Assessment (DRA)

DRA is a standardized reading test given by teachers or reading specialists. As with GRL, children sit individually with the test administrator and read a book.

Several factors are taken into consideration to determine reading level, including:

• Reading comprehension
• Phonemic awareness
• Fluency

DRA books are labeled with an A for the easiest books and then move into a numerical grading system. The levels range from 1 to 80 with 1-3 representing a kindergarten reading level and 80 representing an eighth-grade reading level.

Once a child has a DRA or a GRL level, a teacher or parent can search for the reading level of any particular book and can usually discover either the Lexile, DRA, or GRL of that particular text. Here’s a chart for your reference.

At-Home Reading Levels

If you’re looking for a way to find out your child’s reading level without using any of the methods listed above, you might try the five-finger rule.

For the five-finger rule, choose a book and flip to any page. If your child seems to have trouble reading more than five words on the page, it’s a good indicator that the book is too advanced for them.

To be sure, though, you can have your child try another page, especially if they seem eager to read a particular book.

This can be a helpful strategy, but it’s OK to let your child try a book and see how the reading goes. If a book is too hard, most kids will figure that out — and there is nothing wrong with reading books that are too easy!

Sometimes a child may be interested in a book that’s a little too hard for them. If this happens, we encourage you to read aloud to your child. You can also read together by alternating pages, paragraphs, or sentences.

It’s important not to completely avoid books that may be a little above your child’s reading level.

Even if your child struggles a bit to read them without assistance, these books can still be beneficial in helping build their vocabulary, improve comprehension, and increase general knowledge — not to mention, encourage their love of reading!

When your emerging reader seems overwhelmed by one book, you can always give the five-finger rule a try with other books until you find the right match. And if your child is particularly interested in a topic, you can always read the book to them and stop on words you know they can read.

Also remember that when a child is really enjoying a book and highly motivated to read it, they will read at a higher level than if the material is not as interesting to them.

Tip: Most libraries and bookstores have books arranged by reading level so you can easily choose the best one for your emerging reader!

Feel free to ask librarians and knowledgeable staff at bookstores to offer suggestions. You could even say something like, “My child happily read a Clifford book; can you suggest others at the same level?”

How To Help Your Child Become A Stronger Reader

As we mentioned earlier, you can easily determine your child’s reading level at home so that you can help them choose books that are just right! We suggest incorporating some of the tips below to help your child become a stronger reader.

Start With Clues

• Is your child using “sounding out” techniques to figure out unknown words?
• When your child reads, are they getting tripped up by sight words — common words that are hard to sound out?
• Is your child using pictures to help them understand what is written on the page?
• Is your child using context clues to figure out what word makes sense to come next as they read sentences?

Check Vocabulary

• Play games with your child to see what words they know. For example, say a sentence and point out one word in the sentence. Then ask them if they can come up with a different word (synonym).
• Play synonym games to see what words your child knows. For example, challenge yourselves to think of 10 or more ways to describe speaking (shout, whisper, mumble).

While you’re talking with your child, describe something specific from your day. Make sure to use interesting adjectives, and don’t hold back from using sophisticated vocabulary when talking with your child.

You can help your child’s vocabulary grow through day-to-day conversations and activities!

Ask Comprehension Questions

Understanding what they read is an important part of your child’s reading journey.

• To check for reading comprehension, we suggest pausing every other page to talk about what you’ve just read. Make this a natural reaction to the story, like you’re thinking aloud about the story or characters, so that it doesn’t feel like a test.
• Consider encouraging your child to act out and retell the story (for younger children).
• Try discussing themes/lessons with your child (for older children). Remember: this isn’t a test, but a conversation between book lovers!

Talk To Your Child

When most people implement strategies to help their children improve their reading skills, they often forget about the importance of verbal communication. It’s essential to talk to your child frequently in short and simple sentences.

This includes singing songs, telling them wonderful stories, reciting fun nursery rhymes, and describing the world around them. All of this exposes children to lots of different words. It also helps them learn that language is a powerful tool for communication.

Discover Your Child’s Favorite Books

• Children often choose books that are a little below their actual reading level. At home, this is a good thing. It keeps reading fun and exciting!
• We recommend choosing books that interest your child — with a certain character or activity they like — so they’re curious and excited about reading.

Reading books your child enjoys together can encourage their love of reading. And letting them read those same books to you can boost their confidence over time.

Together, these two activities increase your child’s fluency and reading enjoyment!

Create A Reading Corner

Establishing a reading corner in your house can benefit your child. The setup doesn’t need to be elaborate. This can be a simple, quiet, private area where your child can confidently read independently or with you. 

It’s also great for the spot to be well-lit and filled with lots of books your child enjoys reading. 

Is Reading The Same Book Over And Over OK?

Just like you might pick up an old favorite book to read, your child may do the same, and that’s OK! At least you know they’re enjoying a good book and the process of reading!

Rereading books can have many benefits for a child, including:

It allows children to get more from the text. Have you ever developed a deeper understanding of a story after rereading it? That’s because the more you engage with a story, the more you can take away from it.

You can pick up on new information, establish connections between yourself and some of the characters, and even improve your understanding of the overall story.

Similarly, allowing your child to read their favorite books for the second, third, fourth (or more) time will enable them to get more from the story.

It also allows for bonding. Did you know that rereading books can help bring your family closer together?

Many of us remember a couple of books that our family read together regularly. This can be a holiday book or a favorite story. Rereading is a great way to get the whole family involved, as everyone can take turns reading and connecting on the same story.

What’s more, reading familiar books can actually help develop a young reader’s fluency. It allows them to learn the words and helps them become familiar with narrative structure or storylines (i.e. beginning, middle, and end), which builds reading comprehension later on.

So feel free to let your child choose the same book over and over!

FAQs About Reading Levels

What Reading Level Should My Child Be In Each Grade?

It’s challenging to answer this question because each child is different and will naturally develop at their own pace. For example, just because your child’s friend has started reading fluently doesn’t mean your child will be able to do that yet.

While no parent wants their own child to be a little behind compared to their peers, putting too much pressure on them to “catch up” might actually have an adverse effect. In fact, they might feel overwhelmed by the pressure and develop a negative attitude toward reading.

It’s also important to note that there’s no direct link between a certain Lexile measure and a specific grade level. When using any of the reading level measures we mentioned, remember that they are an estimate of a child’s performance and shouldn’t be interpreted literally.

Also, if you’re really concerned about your young learner’s development, you can always address those concerns with their teacher or another professional. They can offer tips and advice on how to best work with your child.

Finally, remember to be patient and positive no matter what. With lots of time and effort, your child will develop a lifetime love of reading!

Who Can Help Me Choose Books That Match My Child’s Reading Level?

The best place to start is to consult your child’s teacher. They will have the expertise to guide you in buying the right books for your child.

It’s also possible for you to look up most books online and find their reading levels. Furthermore, for beginner readers, there are publishers who label books in stages with age and/or grade suggestions attached.

If you’re homeschooling, you can also reach out to your local librarian or bookstores. As people who spend each day surrounded by books, they often have knowledge on this topic and may be able to recommend a few relevant books in your child’s reading level.

What If My Child Is Reading At A Lower Level?

The last thing a parent wants to hear is that their child’s reading level isn’t on par with their peers. But what can you do if, from the assessment used at your child’s school, you find out that your young learner is reading below the average grade level?

Firstly, it’s important not to panic. As mentioned earlier, kids develop reading skills at different stages of their development. Some children might be early readers, while others may take time to get there.

The most effective way to help your child improve their reading level is by continuing to encourage reading at home. While reading, remember to discuss the content to ensure comprehension.

Reading For Fun

From assessments to the five-finger rule, determining reading levels varies across the board. No matter which method you choose, remember these measurements are meant to be helpful and encouraging, not stressful and limiting.

Keep this in mind when assessing your young learner. You don’t want your child to sense any stress about their abilities, as this might overwhelm them and have an adverse effect on how they view reading.

While reading is an essential early learning (and lifelong) skill, you want your child to LOVE reading and not only view it as a test of their intelligence.

At the end of the day, the way reading makes your child feel is more important than their reading level. Each child learns in a way that’s special and unique to them.

The HOMER Road To Reading

The road to discovering how to read can be a fun ride, but sometimes it’s bumpy. This is why we’re more than a learning program. We’re your learning partner.

If you’re looking for a resource to help develop your child’s love of reading and learning, consider taking a look at the HOMER Learn & Grow app. It’s full of stories curated based on your child’s interests!

When your child develops a love for reading, they’ll move up to the next level before you can say “Developmental Reading Assessment”!

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Once students have their Lexile measure, they can search for titles matching their Lexile level using the free “Find a Book, Minnesota” (www. lexile.com/fab/mn/) search tool. From there, students can build custom reading lists and check the availability of books at a local library or bookseller.

The Lexile map provides examples of popular books and sample text at various points on the Lexile scale, from 200L for beginning reader books to 1600L for more advanced texts. It's a quick reference guide that helps to show what a Lexile measure represents. 11x17 (ADA-compliant version)

The Lexile PowerV Vocabulary Tool identifies up to 10 challenging words in each book that are important for students to know. These words may be difficult for a student who is reading the book. Parents and students can use the tool to identify words students might want to familiarize themselves with prior to reading a particular book.

The titles database contains Lexile measures for over 280,000 books from hundreds of publishers and is offered free of charge to educators.

The Lexile Analyzer measures the complexity of the text by breaking down the entire piece and studying its characteristics. The outcome is the text complexity, expressed as a Lexile measure, along with information on the word count, mean sentence length and mean log frequency.

You may wonder if a child will be prepared for the reading requirements of college and the workplace upon graduation. The Lexile Growth Planner provides some insight on this topic. With the Lexile Growth Planner, you can chart a child’s reading growth across different annual state assessments, forecast future reading growth, compare that forecasted reading growth with the text demands of college and careers, and, if needed, identify a custom growth path to ensure the child graduates college- and career-ready.

This six-minute animated video on the basic concepts and uses of the Lexile® Framework for Reading is the perfect resource for educators and parents who are new to Lexile measures. Please click on the image below to view the video. For more educational videos, visit our YouTube channel.

The Lexile infographic explains everything you need to know about the Lexile® Framework for Reading in one easy-to-understand graphic.

Lexile by Chapter Guides explore the text complexity within a book by providing Lexile measures for every chapter in the text. Each guide includes a graph and table displaying the Lexile information to help educators, parents, and students better understand where the peaks and valleys of complexity reside within a text.

This two-page overview explains the value of the link between The Lexile® Framework for Reading and the Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments and how parents and families can use this information at home to support their student’s learning.

The Lexile Measures at Home page contains topics and links that detail ways you can use a child's Lexile measure—and the Lexile measures of books and other reading materials—to foster literacy and learning at home.

Improve reading during the summer months. Use Find a Book to build custom lists for readers at all ability levels, and then locate your selections at your local public library.

More information about the Lexile Framework can be found at Lexile.com.

Movies and series for learning English

1. Watch movies and series that interest you and suit your level.
2. Turn on English subtitles at the beginning. If the plot of the movie is familiar or you are not afraid of spoilers, you can open subtitles for it in advance, write out and translate unfamiliar words and expressions, and then watch it.
3. Select small scenes and episodes and watch them multiple times. For example, first with subtitles to work out unfamiliar vocabulary, and then after some time without them.
4. At an advanced level, try to watch movies without accompanying text. Rewind if necessary and try to catch the speech of the actors without subtitles - this way the listening skill is better trained.
5. Write down phrases you like and use them in conversation in English.
6. Repeat lines after the actors and imitate their speech.

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For beginners to learn English, it is best to start with educational series. Cartoons and short films are also a great alternative for beginners - in them the characters speak an accessible language. And they last no more than 15-20 minutes, so you won't have time to get bored.

An interactive animated series that introduces viewers to the basics of the English language. Those who grew up at the beginning of 90's, they probably remember how they watched the adventures of the green alien Muzzy in the program "Children's Hour". This series is intended primarily for children, but it is also suitable for adults who want to remember basic grammatical and lexical constructions.

Another option: "Gogo Loves English" ("Gogo loves English").

« Extra English » is ideal if you are new to the language and love sitcoms. The main characters of the series are four young people who live on the same landing. Brigitte fit and shy Annie are two friends who rent an apartment in London next door to the carefree actor Nick. Their company is diluted by Hector, a naive Argentinean who does not speak English well and sets the main dynamics of the series. Over the course of 30 episodes, friends will have to go through a variety of everyday adventures that will not let viewers get bored.

The series was created by the British channel Channel 4 especially for those who study English. A comfortable pace of speech and simple (but meaningful) dialogues will allow you to quickly master colloquial vocabulary on everyday topics. The series last only half an hour, which will allow you not to overload your head with large amounts of new information.

Other options: series courses London Central (London Central), Messages (Messages).

Another educational series that fans of detective stories will love. Suitable for those who want to expand the basic vocabulary in English. The protagonist is 45-year-old San Francisco private detective Jack Stark. Over the course of four films, he searches for a client's missing husband, investigates a stolen mummy and a flying saucer, and embarks on a trip to the island in the company of Nadine O'Connor's charming secretary partner.

In the center of the plot of the story of the characters, separate blocks are inserts with questions for practicing vocabulary and grammar and understanding the plot. The excellent diction of the actors and the interactive format (the characters speak directly to the viewer) will help you effectively master and consolidate the studied material on your own.

Other options: educational programs "English Club TV : Here and There" ("English TV Club: Here and Now") ,

"Say it right" ("Say it right") ,

"Perfect English" ("Perfect English").

Pixar's favorite Disney Monsters, Inc. characters Mike and Sally. In the story, Mike boasts to Sally of a new purchase: a super-modern car that creates more problems than convenience. The cartoon lasts only three minutes and is ideal for learning everyday American phrases (for example, "come on" - "come on", "cut it out" - "stop", "get out" - "get out").

Other options: cartoons "Frozen Fever" ("Frozen Fever"),

"Tangled: Ever After" ("Rapunzel: Happy Forever"),

short film "Validation" ("Confirmation" ).

At this stage, you can already start watching non-adapted films in English. For those who continue to learn the language, cartoons, musicals, teenage series are suitable: the characters speak simply, but lively and realistically.

A touching story of friendship between a gloomy old man and a resilient Boy Scout who go on an incredible journey in a balloon house. The plot is clear without words due to the fact that all actions are illustrated. Ideal as a first film in English: dialogues abound in short phrases from everyday, living language:

• Get away from me! - Don't pester me!
• Wait up, Mr! - Wait for me, mister!
• There you go, big fellow! - That's it, big guy!
• We made it! - We got it / We did it!
• We are on our way! - We're on our way!

Other options: Finding Nemo Finding Nemo

Monsters Inc. ("Monsters Inc"),

"WALL-E" (WALL-E),

any American cartoons that you remember well from childhood.

Canadian animated series. The main characters are three teenagers who find themselves in a parallel dimension and do not remember their past. They are trying to return home, but dangerous monsters, complex riddles and magical portals are waiting for them on the way. The beauty of this Netflix creation is that the characters speak clearly and not too fast, using easy-to-understand slang.

Other options: "Futurama" ("Futurama"),

"Adventure Time" ("Adventure Time"),

"Gravity Falls" ("Gravity Falls").

A real classic of American television. The main character is a charming shaggy alien nicknamed Alf (abbreviation of the English expression "Alien Life Form" - "extraterrestrial life form") settles in the house of an ordinary American Tanner family and constantly finds himself in comic situations. An ideal option for those who have already seen the series in Russian: you remember the plot, which means it will be easier for you to understand what is happening on the screen. This approach will allow you to pay more attention to the vocabulary and grammatical constructions of the characters. However, it is unlikely that there will be a problem with understanding: the characters speak quite simply, clearly and slowly.

Other options: any old popular British or American series that you have already watched in Russian.

One of the most popular superhero series of recent times. In the center of the story is a family where all children have superpowers. Their mission is to solve the mystery of the death of their billionaire adoptive father and prevent the coming end of the world. There is a lot of irony in the series, and each character is very charismatic. Short and simple dialogues, lack of specific slang, easy-to-understand speech of the actors is a great option for those who want to watch their first full-fledged series in English.

Other options: "I'm not Okay with This" ("I don't like it"),

"13 Reason Why" ("13 Reasons Why"),

"The End of the F***ing World" ("The End of the F***ing World").

Film adaptation of the famous musical based on the hits of the Swedish band ABBA. A young girl named Sophie is about to get married and wants to be taken to the altar by her own father, whom her mother never spoke about. From her mother's diaries, she learns that three men claim the role of the prodigal father at once! In order to find the right candidate, Sophie secretly invites all three to the wedding. The film will be an excellent opportunity to listen to your favorite songs from childhood and pay attention to the English lyrics.

Other options: "Mamma Mia 2" ("Mamma Mia! 2"),

"The Greatest Showman" ("The Greatest Showman"),

"Mary Poppins Returns" ("Mary Poppins") returns").

An ideal stage to enrich your vocabulary with colloquial vocabulary and slang. This will help sitcoms, classics of American cinema, as well as drama series.

The famous story of an orphan boy who got into Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and confronts the evil sorcerer Voldemort. Intermediate English students will appreciate both JK Rowling's original words (for example, "muggle" - "muggle", "parcelmouth" - "snaketongue", "horcrux" - "horcrux"), and unique British idioms and slang expressions. For example, the dialogue between Ron Weasley and Professor McGonagall after she transformed from a cat into a human:

Ron Weasley: That was bloody brilliant!

Professor McGonagall: Thank you for that assessment, Mr Weasley!

Ron Weasley: That was fucking awesome!

Professor McGonagall: Thank you for such a high rating, Mr. Weasley!

Or colloquial "blimey" ("damn") Hagrid: "Blimey, Harry! Didn't you ever wonder where your mum and dad learned it all?" (“Damn it, Harry! Did you ever wonder where your mom and dad went to school?”)

Before becoming friends, Ron Weasley spoke of Hermione Granger as she prepared to don the Sorting Hat:

Hermione Granger: Oh, no! Okay, relax!

Ron Weasley: Mental that one, I'm telling you!

Hermione Granger: Oh no! Yes, relax!

Ron Weasley: She's crazy, I tell you for sure.

Other options: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,

"Stranger Things" ("Stranger Things"),

"Once Upon a Time" ("Once Upon a Time").

For English learners, Friends is a treasure trove of not only modern expressions, phrasal verbs and idioms, but also proverbs, verbal puns, jokes, references to US culture. Therefore, if you follow the adventures of six inseparable friends in English, it is better to stock up on a separate dictionary. 9 "Everybody Loves Raymond" "Everybody Loves Raymond"

"The Office" "The Office"

"2 Broke Girl$" ").

The film, which seems to be on all sorts of lists of film masterpieces, is another way to replenish the vocabulary with colloquial vocabulary and aphorisms that have become firmly established in the everyday life of native speakers. The whole life of a hero named Forrest Gump flashes before the audience - a kind and open person with autism who managed to go down in history and achieve the "American dream". The film is also good because the hero of Tom Hanks speaks slowly and pronounces cult phrases that have long become aphorisms:0023

• Mom always said life was like a box of chocolates: you never know what you are gonna get. - Mom always said that life is like a box of chocolates: you never know what you will get.
• Stupid is as stupid does. - A fool is one who acts like a fool

Other options: "The King's Speech" ("The King's Speech"),

"Groundhog day" ("Groundhog Day"),

"The Shawshank Redemption" ("The Shawshank Redemption").

Lost (To stay alive), 2004–2010

The main hit of the "zero" absorbed all kinds of genres and became an example of a truly exciting television story. The passengers of a crashed plane find themselves on a desert island and unite in the fight to save their lives. The series is perfect for those who want to practice listening and learn to understand the accents and dialects of the characters.

Other options: "Heroes" (Heroes),

"The Mentalist" (The Mentalist),

"Big Little Lies" (Big Little Lies).

Emily in Paris (Emily in Paris), 2020

The Netflix series is ideal for lovers of romance and fashion. Young American Emily moves to the French capital for work and for 10 episodes is looking for the recognition of colleagues, new friends and, of course, love. The series is good because it is full of phrases about social media in English:

• So now, please integrate the products in your social media content. - Now please integrate product information into your social media content.
• We expect a minimum of five posts. With your tiny reach, make it ten. - We are waiting for a minimum of five posts. With your shallow reach, ten.

Other options: "Sex and the City" ("Sex and the City"),

"Ugly Betty" ("Ugly Betty"),

Desperate Housewives

Upper Intermediate/Advanced

It will not be difficult for advanced English learners to watch almost any movie and series to their taste, we will only offer the most interesting options:

The Crown (Crown), 2016–2020 the most important events in the life of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain (from her marriage in 1947 to the present day). Ideal for those who want to hear authentic "royal" English and expand their vocabulary with historical terms (for example, "accession" - "accession to the throne", "peer of the realm" - "peer of the kingdom").