What are the lower case letters
Lower-case letters Definition & Meaning
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“Small letters”; letters of the alphabet that are not capital letters or upper-case letters.
QUIZ
WILL YOU SAIL OR STUMBLE ON THESE GRAMMAR QUESTIONS?
Smoothly step over to these common grammar mistakes that trip many people up. Good luck!
Question 1 of 7
Fill in the blank: I can’t figure out _____ gave me this gift.
Words nearby lower-case letters
Lower Burrell, Lower California, Lower Canada, Lower Canada Rebellion, lowercase, lower-case letters, lower chamber, Lower Chinook, lower class, lowerclassman, lower criticism
The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
MORE ABOUT LOWER CASE LETTERS
What are
lowercase letters?Lowercase letters are the shorter, smaller versions of letters (like w), as opposed to the bigger, taller versions (like W), which are called uppercase letters or capital letters.
The adjective lowercase can also be used as a noun meaning the same thing as lowercase letter, though this is much less commonly used. The adjective uppercase can also be used as a noun in this way. As an adjective, uppercase means the same thing as capital, and uppercase letters can also be called capitals.
Some lowercase letters are just shorter, smaller versions of their uppercase counterparts (like lowercase w and uppercase W or lowercase c and uppercase C), but in many cases the two versions of the letter take different forms altogether, such as lowercase a and uppercase A or lowercase b and uppercase B.
To capitalize a word is to make its first letter a capital or uppercase letter. The word uppercase can be used as a verb to mean the same thing. The word lowercase can be used as a verb meaning to make a letter lowercase. For example, to lowercase the word Polish (which is here spelled with an uppercase p), you would write it with a lowercase P, as polish.
In English, uppercase letters are used at the beginning of words for a few different reasons. It is considered a standard rule of English to use an uppercase letter to start proper nouns (which are nouns that refer to specific people, places, or things—meaning one’s that have specific names), such as Jess, Mexico, and Nintendo. Using an uppercase or lowercase letter at the start of a word can change the way the reader interprets its meaning, as in the case of polish (a verb meaning to make something shinier) and
Polish (an adjective describing someone from Poland) or apple (the fruit) and Apple (the company).
We also use an uppercase letter for the first letter of the first word in a sentence. Sometimes, we use an uppercase letter for the first letter of each word in a title, as in To All The Boys I’ve Loved Before. This is sometimes called title case.
Some acronyms and abbreviations are written using all uppercase letters, such as NASA and U.S. A word written entirely in uppercase letters (like WHAT) is said to be written in caps or all caps.
Using lowercase letters in any of these cases typically indicates that the communication is casual or informal, such as in text messages or online posts.
Example: A lot of people exclusively use lowercase letters in text messages unless they want to emphasize something.
Where does
lowercase letter come from?The term lowercase letter has been used since at least the 1680s. The words uppercase and lowercase come from printing.
The process of physically printing things with printing presses involved trays, called cases, that were divided into compartments for holding different kinds of type (blocks with letters on them). The upper case held capital letters and the lower case held what came to be known as lowercase letters.
It can be confusing to know whether to use uppercase or lowercase letters in certain situations, but a capitalization guide can help.
Did you know ... ?
What are some other forms related to lowercase letter?
- lower-case letter (alternate hyphenated spelling)
- lower case letter (alternate two-word spelling)
What are some synonyms for lowercase letter?
- lowercase (when lowercase is used as a noun)
What are some words that share a root or word element with lowercase letter?
- lowercase
- uppercase
- uppercase letter
- letter
What are some words that often get used in discussing lowercase letter?
- capital letter
- capital
- capitalization
- spelling
- first
- word
- sentence
- title
How are
lowercase letters used in real life?In most contexts, the majority of letters in a text are lowercase letters.
Uppercase letters are used in the beginning of names and other proper nouns, at the beginning of sentences, at the beginning of words in titles, and in some abbreviations. Informal communication like text messages and online posts are sometimes written entirely in lowercase letters.
A capital letter in my code where there was supposed to be a lowercase letter just drove me insane for four hours because I didn't see it.
— Kyle Roth (@jkroth2987) October 22, 2015
Identifying and matching uppercase and lowercase letters using these colorful underwater themed cards. Games make learning fun! 🐟 🐠 #IslipENL #LearningIsFun @WingElemIslip pic.twitter.com/QjUSLvuZ57
— Jaclyn Brady (@JaclynBrady17) February 5, 2021
i got a new phone and my new keyboard doesn’t know that i only use lowercase letters so now all my texts are being autocorrected into formal work emails
— noor body, noor crime (@abnoormality) January 17, 2019
Try using
lowercase letters!Which of the following letters is a lowercase letter?
A.
e
B. h
C. r
D. all of the above
How to use lower-case letters in a sentence
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The case was an assault and battery that came off between two men named Brown and Henderson.
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In this case, I suspect, there was co-operant a strongly marked childish characteristic, the love of producing an effect.
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On the upper part of the stem the whorls are very close together, but they are more widely separated at the lower portion.
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What Are Lowercase, Uppercase Letters?
Lowercase letter definition: Lowercase letters are all other letters not in uppercase.
Uppercase letter definition: Uppercase letters are letters that represent the beginning of a sentence or a proper noun.
What are Lowercase Letters?
In writing, most letters are lowercase. Lowercase letters are all letters that do not begin a sentence or refer to a proper noun.
English alphabet lowercase letters: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z.
Examples of Lowercase Letters:
- word
- The word above uses only lowercase letters.
- The sentence above has lowercase letters after the first letter of the sentence.
- This sentence and the one directly above have all lowercase letters except for the “T.”
What are Uppercase Letters?
Uppercase letters are also known as capital letters. Uppercase letters signal to the reader that something is important or significant.
English alphabet uppercase letters: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z.
Examples of Uppercase Letters:
- Jones
- This is a proper name, so the first letter of the title and the last name are capitalized
- Main Street
- This is a proper noun so the first letter of each word is capitalized
When to Use Uppercase Letters
In English, the first letter of every sentence is capitalized.
The uppercase letter signals to the reader that a new sentence is beginning.
Other uses of uppercase letters are detailed below.
TitlesAll titles are considered proper nouns and require capitalization.
Examples:
- Miss Mabry
- Incorrect: miss mabry
- Mathers
- Incorrect: mr. mathers
- Madam Lockfield
- Incorrect: madam lockfield
- Lady Grace
- Incorrect: lady grace
- Janks
- Incorect: mrs. janks
Acronyms are a type of abbreviation. Acronyms are words formed from other letters to make a new word. However, they require capital letters to signal to the reader that those letters stand for something and are not a word alone.
Examples:
- NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- UNICEF
- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
- SCUBA
- Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
All proper nouns need to be capitalized.
Examples:
- We visited the Bowers Museum on Saturday.
- Incorrect: We visited the bowers museum on Saturday.
- I would like to tour the Eiffel Tower.
- Incorrect: I would like to tour the eiffel tower.
- Their names are Jake and Suzy.
- Incorrect: Their names are jake and suzy.
When to Use Lowercase Letters
Use lowercase letters for all letters other than the first in a sentence, provided that there is no required use for uppercase letters in the sentence.
Examples:
- Every word in this sentence other than the first word is written in lowercase.
- The only words in this sentence that require uppercase letters are the proper nouns, London and Paris.
All nouns that are not proper nouns are called common nouns. All common nouns use lowercase letters (unless a common noun begins a sentence).
Examples:
- tree
- dog
- bird
- water
- air
- star
- street
- girl
- baby
Summary
Define lowercase letters: lowercase letters are those letters used for common nouns and internal words.
Define uppercase letters: uppercase letters (also called capital letters) are those letters that signify the beginning of a sentence or a proper noun.
In summary,
- Uppercase and lowercase letters refer to all letters used to compose the English language.
- Uppercase letters are used to begin sentences and are also used for proper nouns.
- Lowercase letters are all letters that do not begin sentences.
Contents
- 1 What are Lowercase Letters?
- 2 What are Uppercase Letters?
- 3 When to Use Uppercase Letters
- 3.1 Titles
- 3.2 Acronyms
- 3.3 All Proper Nouns
- 4 When to Use Lowercase Letters
- 5 Summary
Which is correct: lowercase letters or lowercase letters?
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What is correct: lowercase letters or lowercase letters?
Which is correct: lowercase letters or lowercase letters? - Radio Sputnik, 01/20/2020
Which is correct: lowercase letters or lowercase letters?
In everyday life we usually talk about writing letters "large and small letters".
Linguists use the words "capital" and... Radio Sputnik, 01/20/2020
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Which is correct: lower case or lower case?
In everyday life, we usually talk about writing letters in large and small letters. Linguists, on the other hand, use the words uppercase and lowercase to designate the styles of letters in writing. Uppercase letters are large and lowercase letters are small. And what about the letters - uppercase and lowercase - large or small? Letter height. An uppercase letter differs from a lowercase letter in greater height, an uppercase letter is higher. You have already heard the accent with which I pronounce the word lower case, with the emphasis on the last syllable.
It is with such an accent on the last syllable - a lowercase letter - that it is recommended to pronounce this word in strict speech. A capital letter is immediately visible in the text - it highlights the word, elevates it, and not only in the literal sense, but also figuratively. Therefore, capital letters also have a special stylistic use - we write the pronouns "You", "Your" with a capital letter, expressing a courteous, polite attitude when referring to a specific person. There are also common words that can be capitalized. We write the words Motherland, Fatherland, Fatherland, Teacher, Good, Man with a capital letter in texts where we use these words in a special high sense. Such a special use of capital letters is reflected in the turnover with a capital letter - this is how we talk about someone, something worthy of the highest appreciation, admiration. Yakov Karlovich Grot, Russian linguist 19century, in the book "Russian Spelling" he wrote: Large letters constitute, in fact, the luxury of writing.
Affordable and necessary luxury.
audio/mpeg
Which is correct: lowercase or lowercase?
In everyday life, we usually talk about writing letters in large and small letters. Linguists, on the other hand, use the words uppercase and lowercase to designate the styles of letters in writing. Uppercase letters are large and lowercase letters are small. And what about the letters - uppercase and lowercase - large or small? Letter height. An uppercase letter differs from a lowercase letter in greater height, an uppercase letter is higher. You have already heard the accent with which I pronounce the word lower case, with the emphasis on the last syllable. It is with such an accent on the last syllable - a lowercase letter - that it is recommended to pronounce this word in strict speech. A capital letter is immediately visible in the text - it highlights the word, elevates it, and not only in the literal sense, but also figuratively. Therefore, capital letters also have a special stylistic use - we write the pronouns "You", "Your" with a capital letter, expressing a courteous, polite attitude when referring to a specific person.
There are also common words that can be capitalized. We write the words Motherland, Fatherland, Fatherland, Teacher, Good, Man with a capital letter in texts where we use these words in a special high sense. Such a special use of capital letters is reflected in the turnover with a capital letter - this is how we talk about someone, something worthy of the highest appreciation, admiration. Yakov Karlovich Grot, Russian linguist 19century, in the book "Russian Spelling" he wrote: Large letters constitute, in fact, the luxury of writing. Affordable and necessary luxury.
audio/mpeg
In everyday life we usually talk about writing letters "large and small letters". Linguists, on the other hand, use the words "capital" and "lowercase" to designate the styles of letters in writing. Uppercase letters are large and lowercase letters are small. And what about the letters - uppercase and lowercase - large or small? Letter height. An uppercase letter differs from a lowercase letter in greater height, an uppercase letter is higher.
You have already heard the accent with which I pronounce the word lower case, with the emphasis on the last syllable. It is with such an accent on the last syllable - a lowercase letter - that it is recommended to pronounce this word in strict speech. A capital letter is immediately visible in the text - it highlights the word, elevates it, and not only in the literal sense, but also figuratively. Therefore, capital letters also have a special stylistic use - we write the pronouns "You", "Your" with a capital letter, expressing a courteous, polite attitude when referring to a specific person. There are also common words that can be capitalized. We write the words Motherland, Fatherland, Fatherland, Teacher, Good, Man with a capital letter in texts where we use these words in a special high sense. Such a special use of capital letters is reflected in the turnover with a capital letter - this is how we talk about someone, something worthy of the highest appreciation, admiration. Yakov Karlovich Grot, Russian linguist 19century, in the book "Russian Spelling" he wrote: "Big letters are, in fact, the luxury of writing.
Permissible and necessary luxury."
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Uppercase and lowercase letters: usage, rules, examples
Is a capital letter large or small? If you can not immediately answer this question, then read the article. In it, we will see what an uppercase letter means and how it differs from a lowercase letter. And also we will analyze the rules of lowercase and uppercase letters and give understandable examples.
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What do uppercase and lowercase letters mean
What are lowercase and uppercase letters? The examples are not always clear, so let's start with definitions:
Capital or lowercase letters are graphic characters used in writing that are larger than line boundaries.
They are also called the big ones.
A lowercase letters are graphic characters that do not exceed the size of a line in writing. They are also called small letters.
The very name "capital letters" arose in Russian from the verb "prescribe". In ancient texts there were no capital letters, all words were written from lowercase. And only at the beginning of the chapters, the first letter, which was called the “letter letter”, was depicted more than all the others. It was written by hand. Therefore, now capital letters are also called uppercase.
In Russian, every lowercase letter has a capital counterpart. Even "b", "y" and "b", although it is difficult to imagine where they can be used. However, not all experts support this opinion and prefer to consider that the Russian language has 33 lowercase and only 30 capital letters.
Another feature of the Russian language is that the spelling of large and capital letters does not always coincide.
So, for example, the letter differs:
- capital " A " and lowercase " a ";
- capital " B " and lowercase " b ";
- capital " D " and lowercase " d ";
- capital " E " and lowercase " e " and some others.
Uppercase and lowercase letters in different languages
Capital letters are used in many languages of the Indo-European family: Greek, Slavic, Germanic and Romance.
What does the capital letter mean in these languages? It can mean the beginning of a new phrase, a proper name, a geographical name, and much more. Below we will analyze in detail in which cases a capital letter is written.
However, not all language systems can observe the use of capital letters. Hebrew, Arabic, Indian, Thai and other languages use only lowercase alphabetic characters.
There were no capital letters in the Glagolitic alphabet, the first Russian written language.
Capital letters firmly came into use only in the 18th century and all thanks to the great reformer Peter I. He not only brought reforms to Russia, but also introduced a civil typeface that contained both small and large letters.
There are many words in Hebrew that are spelled the same but read differently and have different meanings. For example, the word "דוד" can sound like "dod" and mean "uncle" , as "dud" - "bak" and as "David" - a male name. How do the Israelis understand where is the meaning? Exceptional context.
Uppercase and lowercase letters: spelling rules
Let's see what rules to follow when using uppercase and lowercase letters in Russian. And to make it easier to remember, let's give examples of uppercase and lowercase letters in words.
Capital letter at the beginning of a sentence
The basic rule is: always write a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence.
Example: It's easy to make a term paper. It is necessary to choose a topic, write the text and check for errors. Pay special attention to words with -Н- and -НН-, conjugation of verbs and spelling of particles "not" and "neither" with different parts of speech.
By the way! For our readers, there is now a 10% discount on any kind of work.
It is customary to capitalize not only the first word in standard sentences, but also each new line in poetic works. This rule works even when the author didn't finish the sentence:
Night, street, lamp, pharmacy,
Meaningless and dim light.
Live at least another quarter of a century -
Everything will be like this. There is no exit.
If you die, you start over again
And everything will repeat, as of old:
Night, ice ripples of the channel,
Pharmacy, street, lamp.
Alexander Blok
Capital letter in proper names
Another rule that always works: capital letters are written in proper names. It remains to figure out what applies to them.
Earth with a capital letter is a planet, and with a small one - a common nameProper names are the names of objects or phenomena that are unique and stand out from the general mass of homogeneous concepts.
On the contrary, common names are names that apply to entire groups of similar objects. Such nouns always begin with lowercase letters.
Let's look at specific cases when a capital letter is written in proper names. And also remember the exceptions, without which it is impossible to imagine the Russian language:
| Rule | Example | Exception |
| Surnames, first names and patronymics of people | Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Pushkin, Mashenka, Marina Ivanovna. | If proper names are used as a common noun, they are written with a lower case: Pikapers are modern don Juans and womanizers. |
| In pseudonyms, nicknames and nicknames | Maxim Gorky, Bolbes and Experienced. | If nicknames are used for a whole group of people: Why are balls dangerous for society? |
| Animal names | Dolly the sheep, Barbos the dog, Murka the cat. | If the nickname is used as a common name for the group: In the morning, any watchdog barks just like that. |
| In the names of fairy-tale characters | Princess Nesmeyana Mermaid, Puss in Boots. | |
| In the names of gods | Jesus, Allah, Mara, Poseidon, Osiris, Quetzalcoatl. | The word itself "god" can be written with both capital and lowercase letters. In church texts, they often write with a capital letter, but in popular literature - with a small letter. |
| In religious names | Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Holy Scripture, Koran, Mother of God, Wailing Wall. | |
| Place names | Arctic Ocean, Kilimanjaro, New York, Serpukhovo. | |
| In street and avenue names | Alexander Nevsky Square, Tsvetochnaya Street, Raduzhny Lane. | |
| In the names of astronomical bodies and objects | Planet Venus, satellite of Jupiter, Halley's comet, Milky Way galaxy. | If this is not an astronomical object, but a homonym: planet Earth and native land. |
| In the names of historical eras and events | The Renaissance, the October Revolution, the War of the Scarlet and White Roses. | |
| In the names of holidays | Walpurgis Night, Independence Day, Victory Day, First of May, but May 1st. | If this is the date of the holiday, then it is written with a small one: The New Year is celebrated on December 31st. |
| In the names of awards | Title of Hero of Russia, Order of the Legion of Honor, but Order of the Red Star. | |
| In legal official names of companies and brands that are quoted | Suzuki Auto Concern, Gorbunov's Bureau creative agency, Orlovsky Park Hotel. | The name is not quoted if it is written in Latin letters: Hilton hotel, Pixies creative agency, BMW concern. |
| In the names of organizations and institutions | Federation Council, United Nations, European Union. | |
| In the names of unique titles and positions | President of the Russian Federation, Prime Minister. | All other positions are written with a small one: NATO Secretary General, EU Minister, Bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church. |
| Abbreviated | CIS, IAEA, UN, PE, MIA, USA. | Some abbreviations are always written with a small letter: university, secondary school, dot, bunker, bum, interim, spa. |
| In the titles of scientific articles, literary titles and other works | The novel "War and Peace", the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower", the article "Why sleep should be a priority for every student". |
What are capital letters in street names? Examples may vary depending on the literary norm. So, in the names Chistye Prudy, Kuznetsky Most, Nikitsky Gates , only the first word was capitalized. Now the norm has changed and both words are capitalized: Chistye Prudy, Kuznetsky Most, Nikitsky Gates . If in doubt about spelling, refer to dictionaries.
Capital letter in adjectives
There are several cases in which adjectives are written with a capital letter, and they also need to be remembered:
- If the adjective expresses belonging to a specific person. For example, Misha's shirt, Vanka's stories.
- If the adjective refers to the memory of a famous person.
For example, Pushkin Evenings, Spring Tolstoy Readings.
If the expression has become a common noun, then it is written with a lowercase letter: Sisyphean labor, Turgenev young ladies, oatmeal porridge.
Capital letter after colon
What other words are capitalized? Those with which direct speech begins. In the text, this is formalized as follows:
- the words of the author come first;
- then put a colon;
- in quotation marks write the words of direct speech.
Example: Ivanov sighed and said to the teacher: “You shouldn’t want to expel me for absenteeism, but I can refund my record book and student card.”
A special case: with what letter to write the appeal "YOU"
In official documents, letters and business correspondence, the appeal "YOU" and its derivatives are often written with a capital letter.
