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Co operative play


The 6 Stages of How Kids Learn to Play

Play is all about having fun! Any activity, organized or unstructured, your child finds fun and enjoyable is considered play. But play is much more than just a fun activity for your child! As a child grows they go through different stages of play development.

While playing, children learn and develop important skills they will continue to use throughout their lifetime.

Problem solving, creativity, and willingness to take risks are just a few of the skills developed through play.

Is your child under 2 years old? Enter your baby’s birthday to get weekly activities to help meet developmental milestones. 

Children who use their imagination and ‘play pretend’ in safe environments are able to learn about their emotions, what interests them, and how to adapt to situations. When children play with each other, they are given the opportunity to learn how to interact with others and behave in various social situations. Learn more about your child’s social-emotional development.

Be sure to give your child plenty of time and space to play. There are 6 stages of play during early childhood, all of which are important for your child’s development. All of the stages of play involve exploring, being creative, and having fun. This list explains how children’s play changes by age as they grow and develop social skills.

Unoccupied Play (Birth-3 Months)

At this stage baby is just making a lot of movements with their arms, legs, hands, feet, etc. They are learning about and discovering how their body moves.

Solitary Play (Birth-2 Years)

This is the stage when a child plays alone. They are not interested in playing with others quite yet.

Spectator/Onlooker Behavior (2 Years)

During this stage a child begins to watch other children playing but does not play with them.

Parallel Play (2+ Years)

When a child plays alongside or near others but does not play with them this stage is referred to as parallel play.

Associate Play (3-4 Years)

When a child starts to interact with others during play, but there is not a large amount of interaction at this stage. A child might be doing an activity related to the kids around him, but might not actually be interacting with another child. For example, kids might all be playing on the same piece of playground equipment but all doing different things like climbing, swinging, etc.

Cooperative Play (4+ Years)

When a child plays together with others and has interest in both the activity and other children involved in playing they are participating in cooperative play.

Watch to see what the six stages of play can look like:

As your child starts playing with family members and friends, make sure to teach them about sharing and winning and losing.

Play starts when we are babies, but it does not stop there! Including play in your child’s daily routine and giving them time to play is important for their development at every age. These stages are general guidelines for what to expect of your child’s play skills, but remember every child is different and if you have concerns bring them up with your healthcare provider.

Your child makes a lot of changes as they grow. Learn more about how play can change as your little one does.
  • How to Play with Blocks at Every Age
  • Stages of Peek-a-boo

Sources

When Does It Happen, and How Can You Encourage It?

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

In this Article

  • What Are the Stages of Play?
  • Benefits of Cooperative Play
  • How to Encourage Cooperative Play

Cooperative play is when children play together with shared goals. They may agree on rules and organize their play. It's the most complicated of the six stages of play. 

What Are the Stages of Play?

In 1932, sociologist Mildren Parten identified six stages of children’s play. All kids develop differently, so there are no set ages for each type of play. 

Unoccupied play. This is the first stage and prepares your baby for the others. Unoccupied play happens when your child experiences the world through their senses. They explore the world around them without any sort of organization. You may notice your baby picking up an object and chewing on it before throwing it down and moving on to another one. 

Solitary play. Your child is engaging in solitary play when they play on their own without paying attention to others. Your child is exploring, mastering new skills, and preparing to play with others. 

Onlooker play. You may think your child is feeling lonely or left out if you notice them sitting back and watching other children. But your child is learning a lot by watching during this stage. This is a normal part of play development. Your child is learning about social rules and relationships as well as different ways of playing.  

‌Parallel play. When your child is playing near another child but not with them, they're engaging in parallel play. There is no interaction. At this stage, your child is still getting ready to play with other children. They’re still practicing skills and building up to cooperative play.  ‌

Associative play. This is when your child starts to show interest in other children as playmates. They’re starting to practice what they've learned in the earlier stages of play. Children in this stage may all be playing in the same area and interacting with each other. But they aren't organizing their play around a common goal.  ‌

Cooperative play. In this final stage, your child is working with other kids toward a shared goal. Children will have rules about how to play and assigned roles. There may be a lot of arguing as they learn to share, take turns, and negotiate.  

Benefits of Cooperative Play

Play is an essential part of your child's healthy development. Some of the benefits of cooperative play include: 

  • Improved language skills
  • Improved attention
  • Self-regulation
  • Better peer relationships
  • Learning to work with peers
  • Adapting to the needs of others
  • Learning to compromise
  • Learning to resolve conflicts
  • Improved physical development
  • Developing problem-solving skills

How to Encourage Cooperative Play

Getting your child to play cooperatively isn't always easy. The key to success is giving each child a role so they have to work together. Here are some tips for encouraging cooperative play at home: ‌

Plant a garden. Let your child and their siblings or friends plan a small garden. They'll have to work together to decide what to plant and where to plant it. Encourage them to take on different roles. Be sure to point out everyone's contribution when the plants start growing. 

Create an animal hospital. Let your children drag out all of their stuffed animals and set up a veterinary clinic. Give them a clipboard, paper, and crayons to add writing practice to their game. The children can take turns being the veterinarian, the pet owner, the receptionist, and maybe even the pet. ‌

Put on a play. Bring out the dress-up clothes and let your kids put on a play. They can act out a classic fairy tale or their favorite modern book. Deciding who plays which role will give them lots of practice in negotiating and cooperating. ‌

Have a parade. Making their own musical instruments will give your kids a chance to practice their creativity. Marching in a parade with their instruments will encourage them to work with their friends toward a common goal.  

Online co-op, the best online co-op games

PlatformPCPlaystation 3Playstation 4PlayStation 5XboxXbox 360Xbox One Xbox Series X|SWiiNintendo SwitchBrowserMobileStadiaApple Arcade

Online co-op - all the best games with the online co-op feature are presented on this page, starting with the most popular and rated. There are a total of 2018 games in the online co-op games list.

Portal 2

Released 04/18/2011

Logic | Adventure | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Tetris Effect: Connected

Release 08/17/2021

Arcade | Logic

PC, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Elden Ring

Released 02/25/2022

RPG | Adventure | Action

PC, Playstation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Left 4 Dead

Released 11/17/2008

Horror | Shooter | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

It Takes Two

Release 3/25/2021

RPG | Adventure | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer

💰 One-time purchase

Spelunky 2

Release 09/29/2020

RPG | Adventure | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

BattleBlock Theater

Released 05/15/2014

Arcade | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Saints Row: The Third

Released 11/17/2011

Adventure | Shooter | Action

PC

Co-op, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Trine 2: Complete Story

Release 06/06/2013

Logic | Adventure | Action

PC, Playstation 3, Playstation 4, Xbox 360

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2009)

Released 11/11/2009

Adventure | Shooter | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Clone Drone in the Danger Zone

Released 07/27/2021

Arcade | Fighting | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Divinity: Original Sin (Classic)

Released 06/30/2014

RPG | Adventure

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Company of Heroes: Opposing Fronts

Released 09/24/2007

Strategy

PC

Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

WINGSPAN

Released 09/17/2020

Card

PC

Single, Multiplayer, Co-op

💰 One-time purchase

Far Cry 3

Released 11/28/2012

Adventure | Shooter

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance

Released 09/28/2011

Strategy | Action

PC

Multiplayer, Singleplayer

💰 One-time purchase

DOOM II

Release03. 08.2007

Adventure | Horror | Shooter | Action

PC

Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

Parkitect

Release 11/29/2018

Sandbox | Simulator | Strategy

PC

Single

💰 One-time purchase

Among Us

Released 11/16/2018

Arcade | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer

💰 One-time purchase

Orcs Must Die! 2

Released 07/30/2012

Strategy | Action

PC

Co-op, Multiplayer, Single Player

💰 One-time purchase

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