Common words that rhyme

Words That Rhyme | A Huge List of 2500+ Incredible Rhyming Words

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Are you searching for a list of words that rhyme in English? Rhyming can be a fun and effective way to add musicality and interest to your writing. Whether you’re composing a poem, writing a song, or just looking for words that sound similar, this huge list of more than 1000 English words that rhyme is sure to come in handy. From common rhymes like ‘cat’ and ‘hat’ to more obscure pairs like ‘flour’ and ‘hour,’ you’ll find a wide range of options to choose from.”

Table of Contents

Rhyming Words

What are Rhyming Words?

Rhyming words are words that have the same ending sound. For example, the words ‘cat’, ‘hat’, and ‘rat’ all rhyme because they end with the same sound (-at). Rhyming words are often used in poetry and songwriting to create a musical or rhythmic effect. They can also be used in children’s literature and in other types of writing to add a playful or humorous element.

Things to remember about the difference between rhyming words and homophones:

Rhyming words have different beginning sounds, but have the same vowel and ending sounds, for example: cat/sat/pat/hat, spin/fin/chin/pin, etc. Homophones are words that sound alike but have different meanings and spellings, for example, pain/pane, hi/high/, you/yew/ewe, there/their/they’re, to/too/two.

The Benefit of Using Rhyming Words in Writing

Rhyming words can create a musical or rhythmic effect in a text, which can make it more enjoyable to read or listen to.
Rhyming words can add a playful or humorous element to a text, which can be especially effective in children’s literature.
Using rhyme can help with the memorization and recall of a text.
Rhyme can also be used as a literary device to create a specific mood or atmosphere in a text.

Rhyming Words | Video

Common Rhyming Words List in English

This is a comprehensive list of words that rhyme in English for your reference. Take a look!

Ace – Base – Case – Chase – Grace – Lace – Mace – Race – Space – Trace – Face – Place – Brace – Disgrace
Ad – Add – Cad – Bad – Dad – Glad – Had – Mad – Pad – Rad – Sad
Age – Cage – Page – Sage – Wage – Engage – Stage
Aid – Blade – Maid – Parade – Shade – Trade – Upgrade – Crusade – Brigade
Aim – Blame – Claim – Frame – Game – Lame – Name – Same – Shame – Tame
Air – Bare – Care – Chair – Compare – Declare – Despair – Fair – Flair – Hair – Pair – Repair – Share – Stair – Swear – Wear
All – Ball – Call – Ball – Fall – Tall – Gall – Hall – Wall – Maul – Thrall – Brawl – Haul – Install – Small – Stall
Alliance – Compliance – Defiance – Reliance – Science – Violence
Amaze – Craze – Daze – Gaze – Haze – Maze – Phase – Raise
Apple – Chapel – Dapple – Grapple – Snapple – Scrapple – Snapple
Ask – Flask – Mask – Task – Cask – Bask
Assist – Consist – Exist – Insist – Persist – Resist – Twist
Away – Okay – Convey – Bay – Day – Gray – May – Pay – Ray – Sleigh – Spray – Stay – Way
Awe – Claw – Draw – Flaw – Jaw – Law – Paw – Saw
Awful – Beautiful – Dutiful – Faithful – Grateful – Helpful – Pitiful – Powerful – Regretful – Respectful – Thoughtful – Wistful – Youthful
Back – Lack – Stack – Crack – Black – Smack
Bad – Glad – Mad – Sad – Plaid – Pad – Brad – Clad – Grad – Had – Shad
Bake – Cake – Flake – Lake – Make – Rake – Shake – Snake – Take – Wake – Break – Brake – Crake
Ballad – Salad – Palisade – Parade – Crusade – Charade – Brigade
Balm – Calm – Palm – Qualm – Alm – Bam – Wham
Ban – Can – Clan – Fan – Man – Pan – Plan – Scan – Span – Tan – Band – Stand – Grand
Bandit – Candid – Remanded – Standout – Candid
Bard – Card – Guard – Hard – Lard – Yard – Award – Discord
Barter – Carter – Charter – Garter – Martyr – Partner – Starter – Tartar
Bat – Chat – Fat – Flat – Hat – Mat – Pat – Rat – Sat – Splatter – That – Cat
Bee – Fee – Free – Glee – Key – Knee – Lee – Pee – See – Three – Tree – Wee
Beef – Chief – Fief – Grief – Leaf – Relief – Thief
Been – Gin – Grin – Inn – Kin – Pin – Sin – Skin – Spin – Tin – Twin – Win
Beer – Clear – Fear – Near – Peer – Rear – Seer – Tear – Year – Premier – Bear – Bare – Rare
Bell – Cell – Dwell – Fell – Gel – Hell – Sell – Smell – Spell – Swell – Tell – Well
Bend – End – Friend – Mend – Send – Spend – Trend – Blend – Extend – Pretend – Amend
Bide – Bride – Chide – Glide – Guide – Hide – Ride – Side – Slide – Tide – Inside – Provide
Bite – Fight – Flight – Kite – Knight – Light – Might – Night – Right – Sight – Tight – Write – Bright
Blaze – Craze – Daze – Gaze – Haze – Laze – Maze – Phase – Raise
Blew – Blue – Bloo – Blue – Chew – Clue – Cue – Dew – Do – Drew – Due – Few – Flu – Glue – Drew – Flue
Bloom – Boom – Brood – Doom – Gloom – Loom – Room – Womb – Tomb – Zoom
Blurt – Splurt – Assert – Concert – Convert – Desert – Divert – Exert – Flirt – Insert – Overt – Pervert – Revert
Boar – Four – Roar – Bore – Abhor – Adore – Before – Chore – Door – Floor – Four – More – Pour – Roar – Score – Shore – Snore – Spore
Boat – Coat – Float – Coat – Dote – Float – Gloat – Note – Quote – Remote – Throat – Vote
Brain – Chain – Plain – Chain – Drain – Gain – Grain – Lane – Main – Pain – Plane – Rain – Reign – Spain – Sprain – Stain – Strain – Train
Bread – Spread – Bed – Dead – Dread – Fed – Head – Jed – Lead – Ned – Red – Said – Shed – Sled – Spread – Ted
Breast – Chest – Arrest – Best – Contest – Crest – Digest – Guest – Infest – Invest – Jest
Day – Stay – Hay – Pay – May – Lay – Pray – Play – Stay – Jay – Ray – Hay – Bay – Stay – May – Say – Obey
Hale – Kale – Vale – Male – Whale – Tale – Pale – Pail – Snail – Rail – Nail – Fail – Mail
Bridge – Fridge – Ridge – Ridge – Privilege – Image – Village – Courage – Refrigerator – Porridge – Luggage
Soprano – Piano – Kanno – Arpeggio – Casino – Grotto – Inferno – Tornado – Flamenco – Avocado – Morocco

Full Rhyming Words List

Words that Rhyme with Again

Aim
Bain
Bane
Blaine
Blame
Brain
Cain
Caine
Came
Cane
Chain
Crain
Crane
Dane
Drain
Duane
Fame
Fein
Flame
Frame
Gain
Grain
Jain
Kane
Lain
Name
Main
Maine
Mane
Pain
Pane
Plain
Plane
Rain
Reign
Slain
Spain
Stain
Train
Twain

Words that Rhyme with All

Hall
Tall
Lol
Wall
Call
Paul
Ball
Fall
Y’all
Crawl
Mall
Small
Brawl
Stall
Saul
Gall
Sprawl
Scrawl
Raul
Drawl
Thrall
Squall
Shawl
Nall
Thall

Words that Rhyme with Alone

Blown
Lone
Zone
Throne
Grown
Don’t
Known
Tone
Bone
Stone
Phone
Shown
Clone
Own
Mon
Prone
Drone
Flown
Cone
Chrome
Roam
Slone
Dome
Home
Sewn
Hone
Joan
Trone

Words that Rhyme with Away

A
Bay
Clay
Cray
Day
Gay
Grey
Hey
J
K
Lay
May
Pay
Play
Pray
Ray
Say
Slay
Spray
Stay
Stray
Sway
They
Tray
Way
Yea

Words that Rhyme with Back

Bag
Black
Brag
Clack
Crack
Drag
Fag
Flag
Hack
Jack
Knack
Lack
Mac
Pack
Plaque
Quack
Rack
Sack
Shaq
Slack
Smack
Snack
Stack
Tag
Tak
Track
Wack
Whack
Yak

Words that Rhyme with Blue

Boo
Brew
Chew
Clue
Crew
Do
Drew
Due
Few
Flew
Glue
Grew
Jus
New
Ooh
Poo
Que
Screw
Shoe
Soo
Spew
Through
To
View
Who
You
Zoo
True

Words that Rhyme with Cat

Rat
That
At
Flat
Sat
Hat
Fat
Chat
Dat
Bat
Gat
Tat
Spat
Pat
Mat
Lap
Glad
Snap
Pad
Strap
Mad
Dad
Sad
Slap
Cap
Add
Map
Tap

Words that Rhyme with Day

Bay
Bey
Bray
Brey
Clay
Dray
Gay
Hay
Hey
Lay
Affray
Airway
Allay
Archway
Ashtray
Astray
Away
Belay
Betray
Birthday
…

Words that Rhyme with Do

To
Who
Through
New
True
Few
Crew
Blue
Grew
Que
View
Jus
Screw
Due
Clue
Boo
Ooh
Shoe
Chew
Flew
Glue
Soo
Spew
Zoo
Drew
Poo
Brew
Wu
Fu
Stew
Ku
Vu
Mu
Goo

Words that Rhyme with Dog

Fog
Talk
Walk
Log
Chalk
Blog
Broad
Drop
Top
Hawk
Stalk
Bog
Cog
Snog
Kong
Op
Fraud
Caught
Lot
Brought
Fought
Wat
Thought
Bought
Taught
Squawk
Gawk
Balk
Kalk
Falk
Sawed
Flawed
Caused
Called
Ought
Dong
Mod
Sought
Thawed
Clawed
Talked
Cost
Walked
Watched
Haunt
Lost
Tossed
Soft
Crossed
Fault

Words that Rhyme with Down

Town
Crown
Drown
Clown
Brown
Frown
Gown
Noun
Lown
Baum
Around
Downtown
Playground
Hometown
Uptown
Touchdown
Shutdown
Breakdown
Lockdown
Countdown
Meltdown
Renown
Showdown
Sundown
Rundown
Motown
Pronoun
Facedown
Comedown
Crackdown

Words that Rhyme with Dream

Scheme
Seem
Beam
Team
Cream
Steam
Stream
Scream
Theme
Gleam
Clean
Bein
Screen
Queen
Lean
Green
Seen
Teen
Mean
Deem
Meme
Ream
Keen
Sheen
Spleen
Jean
Dean
Tween
Plein
Nein
Peine
Wean

Words that Rhyme with End

Send
Spend
Friend
Bend
Tend
Trend
Lend
Vent
Went
Meant
Spent
Sent
Bent
Rent
Blend
Mend
Scared
Slept
Stepped
Cared
Kept
Dent
Shared
Fend
Stared
Chest
Best
Dressed
Rest
Messed
Held
Stressed
West
Blessed
Quest
Test
Vest
Pent
Tent
Penned
Guest
Lent
Wend
Ent
Breast
Kent
Melt
Dealt
Belt
Felt
Wrecked
Checked
Est
Nest
Dreamt

Words that Rhyme with Eyes

Skies
Cries
Tries
Size
Wise
Lies
Guys
Flies
Prize
Thighs
Rise
Ties
Highs
Fries
Dice
Rice
Price
Twice
Nice
Slice
Ice
Vice
Pies
Spice
Mice
Spies

Words that Rhyme with Face

Grace
Place
Pace
Space
Race
Case
Trace
Ace
Chase
Bass
Lace
Mais
Brace
Blaze
Plays
Ways
Pays
Raise
Stays
Phase
Praise
Haze
Days
Maze
A’s
Gaze
Jays
Lays
Phrase
Vase
Slave
Save
Gave
Brave
Grave
Faith
Wave
Cave
Crave
Glace
Dace

Words that Rhyme with Go

So
No
Yo
Oh
Show
Flow
Though
Blow
Throw
Low
Slow
Hoe
Grow
Bro
Dough
Bow
Snow
Mo
Pro
Toe
Row
Ko
Glow
Joe
Whoa
Po
Foe
Crow

Words that Rhyme with Good

Could
Stood
Would
Should
Hood
You’d
Foot
Put
Look
Shook
Cook
Took
Hook
Book
Pulled
Crook
Looked
Pushed
Hooked
Soot
Cooked
Rook
Nook
Brook
Mook
Snook

Words that Rhyme with Head

Lead
Spread
Said
Bread
Shed
Bed
Dead
Dread
Fed
Red
Med
Bled
Thread
Shred
Yet
Bet
Set
Jet
Wet
Sweat
Threat
Debt
Met
Let
Get
Et
Net
Ed
Pet
Ted
Tread
Fred
Vet
Fled
Sped
Wed
Neck
Tech
Beg
Deck
Leg
Wreck
Check
Ned

Words that Rhyme with Heart

Smart
Art
Part
Start
Hard
Guard
Yard
Card
Scarred
Sharp
Fart
Mark
Dark
Shark
Bark
Park
Spark
Dart
Chart
Cart
Tart
Mart
Bart
Charred
Barred
Shard
Ark
Lard
Stark
Harp
Clark
Starred
Tarp
Carp
Tarred
Marred
Jarred
Ard
Sparred
Scarp
Narc

Words that Rhyme with Here

We’re
Ear
Tier
Seer
Bier
Grier
Seal
Wheel
She’ll
Meal
Deal
He’ll
We’ll
Real
Steal
Feel
Peel
Kneel
Squeal
Teal
Zeal
Eel
Keel

Words that Rhyme with Home

Dome
Chrome
Roam
Foam
Bone
Zone
Throne
Known
Stone
Grown
Blown
Tone
Phone
Lone
Own
Don’t
Shown
Comb
Mon
Gnome
Tome
Frome
Ohm
Loam
Yom
Clone
Prone
Drone
Cone

Words that Rhyme with House

Mouse
Spouse
Blouse
Mouth
South
Couse
Douse
Youse
How’s
Rouse
Grouse
Louse
Cows
Clouse
Sprouse
Crouse
Strauss
Gauss
Bounce
Ounce
Vows
Aus
Bows
Doubts
Sounds
Hours
Pounds
Rounds
Clouds
Clowns
Shouts

Words that Rhyme with In

Been
Win
Skin
Sin
Spin
Thin
Twin
Grin
Gin
Pin
Chin
Min
Kin
Din
Tin
Even
Going
Mansion
Lookin’
Tryin’
Within
Feelin’
Given
Spittin’
Makin’
Mission

Words that Rhyme with It

Shit
Hit
Spit
Wit
Sit
Bit
Quit
Fit
Split
Pit
Lit
Slit
Kit
Sip
Tip
Rip
Dip
Did
Clip
Slip
Grip
Trip
Rid
Whip
Ship

Words that Rhyme with Know

So
Go
Yo
Oh
Show
Flow
Though
Blow
Throw
Low
Slow
Hoe
Grow
Bro
Dough
Bow
Snow
Mo
Pro
Toe
Row
Glow
Joe
Whoa
Po
Foe
Crow
Fro
Quo

Words that Rhyme with Life

Dive
Dries
Drive
Dykes
Fife
Fight
Find
Fire
Five
Flies
Flight
Fries
Guy
Style
Thigh
Thrice
Thrive
Tide
Tie
Time
Tithe
Trials
Trice
…

Words that Rhyme with Love

Ave
Bluff
Blush
Bove
Brave
Breve
Brush
Bus
Buzz
Calve
Carve
Above
Active
Agave
Ages
Alcove
Alive
Anus
Anxious
Arrive
Ashes
Asses
Basis
Because
Behave
Belove
Bogus
Boxes
…

Words that Rhyme with Man

Can
An
Than
Pan
Fan
Plan
Van
Ran
Tan
Dan
Stan
Clan
Ban
San
Han
Span
Nan
Scan
Thang
Ham
Sam
Ang
Slam
Damn
Dang
Gang
Jam
Slang
Gran
Am
Hang
Bang
Chan
Lan
Jan
Yan
Bran
Fran

Words that Rhyme with Me

She
Ski
Spree
Squee
Tea
Tee
Thee
Three
Tree
Free
Gee
Ghee
Glee
He
Fuzee
Marquee
Marquis
Sunday
Topee
Turnkey
Eighty
Emcee
…

Words that Rhyme with Mind

Kind
Find
Wind
Signed
Blind
Grind
Bind
Lived
Lined
Wired
Shined
Christ
Wild
Child
Hind
Hyped
Freind
Climbed
Rind
Rhymed
Pint
Dined
Pined
Twined
Liked
Wiped
Sliced
Sized
Timed
Smiled
Iced
Primed

Words that Rhyme with Month

Runs
Ones
Once
Loves
Lungs
Comes
Bums
Ups
Tongues
Cups
Drums
Mums
Nuts
What’s
Sluts
Cuts
Guts
Gloves
Thumbs
Thugs
Drugs
Slums
Crumbs
Fucks
Bucks
Sucks
Clubs
Blood
Gums
Doves
Bugs
Slugs
Hugs
Sums
Buds

Words that Rhyme with More

Your
For
Or
Swore
Door
War
Tore
Floor
Sore
Core
Score
Pour
Nor
Whore
Store
Bore
Gore
Shore
Roar
Thor
Chore
Drawer
Snore
Lore
Spore
Glore
Vore
Paul
Call
Fall
All

Words that Rhyme with Night

Right
Height
Bite
Might
Quite
Fight
Light
White
Bright
Fright
Spite
Flight
Tight
Sight
Sprite
Kite
Slight
Died
I’d
Pride
Hide
Type
Fried
Wide
Tried
Ride
Wipe
Tied
Side
Lied
Pipe
Guide
Cried
Hype
Slide
Plight
Blight
Strike
Mike
Vibe
Bike
Like

Words that Rhyme with Now

How
Bow
Wow
Pow
Cow
Thou
Vow
Sow
Ow
Chow
Plow
Brow
Tao
Yow
Mao
Frau
Shao
Lao
Rao
Prow
Blough
Somehow
Allow
Meow

Words that Rhyme with On

Non
Won
Con
Don
John
Mon
Spawn
Han
Ron
Bon
Juan
Swan
Mom
Som
Palm
Bomb
Calm
Tom
Bong
Schon
Pon
Tron
Jaan
Kwon
Lon
Sonne
Kron
Chon
Pran
Thon
Prom
Tang

Words that Rhyme with One

An
Been
Done
Run
Gun
Fun
Son
Ton
None
Un
Pun
Hun
Spun
Bun
Stun
Rotten
Cousin
Justin
Billion
Listen
Fortune
Someone
Open
Reason
Broken
Person
Heaven
Women
Vision
Happen
Human
Million
Given

Words that Rhyme with Orange

Moons
Moor
Moored
More
Oar
Or
Ore
Pour
Pouring
Raw
Roar
Empower
Endorse
Ensure
Explore
Floor
Gorgon
Ignor
Imbue
Incor
Infer
…

Words that Rhyme with Out

Drought
Bout
Doubt
Shout
Route
Scout
Pout
Cloud
Proud
Loud
Crowd
Clout
Tout
Sprout
Spout
Trout
Stout
Snout
Gout
Lout
Flout
Grout
Crout
Hout
Fout
Count
Shroud
Vowed
Drowned
Bound
Sound
Ground
Round
Found
Pound
Bowed
Sowed
How’d

Words that Rhyme with Pain

Chain
Stain
Brain
Vain
Rain
Jane
Drain
Sane
Wayne
Main
Train
Plane
Lane
Gain
Strain
Slain
Grain
Cane
Bane
Crane
Spain
Dwayne
Game
Shame
Tame
Frame
Came
Flame
Shane
Aim
Fame
Claim
Lame
Name
Same

Words that Rhyme with Purple

Verbal
Circle
Turtle
Herbal
Journal
Hurtful
Fertile
Colonel
Urkel
Myrtle
Hurdle
Hurtle
Burble
Gurgle
Squirrel
Thermal
Apple
Simple
People
Triple
Couple
Girdle
Herschel
Servile
Virgil
Little
Crystal
Humble
Able
Bible
Mental
Total
Double
Settle
Pistol
Label
Metal
Battle
Bottle
Bubble

Words that Rhyme with See

Me
Be
We
He
She
Free
Three
G
Key
E
Tree
T
V
Z
Ye
P
Knee
Flee
Thee
Spree
Lee
Fee
Only
Every
Really
Money
Maybe
Any
Baby
Many
Ready
Body
Crazy
Pussy
Sorry
Probably
Family

Words that Rhyme with Sky

I
My
By
Why
Try
High
Die
Fly
Guy
Cry
Lie
Dry
Tie
Shy
Nie
Pie
Vi
Fry
Sigh
Sly
Spy
Pry
Thigh
Rye
Ply
Sty
Chai
Spry
Kwai
Hye

Words that Rhyme with Smile

While
I’ll
Style
Mile
Pile
Vile
Trial
Dial
File
Kyle
Nile
Bile
Tile
Rile
Guile
Heil
Lile
Zile
Seil
Fire
Wire
Hire
Dire
Ire
Tyre
Mire
Spire
Squire
Shire
Quire
Lyre
Skier

Words that Rhyme with Time

Grime
Fine
Climb
Crime
Nine
Sime
Mine
Shine
Chime
Line
Thyme
Dine
Showtime
Downtime
Bedtime
Meantime
Sunshine
Define
Align
Online
…

Words that Rhyme with Two

You
Do
Who
Through
New
True
Few
Crew
Blue
Grew
Que
View
Jus
Screw
Due
Clue
Boo
Ooh
Shoe
Chew
Flew
Glue
Soo
Spew
Zoo
Drew
Poo
Brew
Wu
Fu
Stew
Ku
Vu
Mu
Goo
Pew
Lou
Hue
Rue
Slew
Liu
Skew
Whew
Mew
Thew
Gue
Tsu
Strew

Words that Rhyme with Up

Cup
Yup
Nut
Slut
What
Club
Gut
Cut
But
Rub
Shut
Sup
Pup
Dub
Buck
Suck
Stuck
Luck
Drug
Hug
Fuck
Ugh
Thug
Struck
Chuck
Truck
Duck
Plug
Hut
Tub
Sub
Bug
Rut
Krupp
Bump
Dump
Pump
Jump
Scrub
Tuck
Dug
Strut
Mutt
Pub
Cub
Tut
Just
Blood
Fucked
Must
Mud

Words that Rhyme with Way

A
They
Say
Day
Stay
Play
May
Pay
Yea
Hey
Pray
Lay
Gay
Spray
J
K
Slay
Ray
Grey
Bay
Stray
Sway
Cray
Clay
Tray
Fray
Tae
Flay
Chez
Whey
Bray
Vey
Spay

Words that Rhyme with Work

Jerk
Murk
Lurk
Smirk
Perk
Clerk
Word
Third
Bird
Heard
Dirt
Hurt
Nerd
Shirt
Kirk
Blurred
Dirk
Berk
Irk
Cirque
Quirk
Turk
Shirk
Sterk
Skirt
Flirt
Squirt
Curb
Berg
Herb
Ferg
Kurt
Slurred
Burst
Burnt
Worked
Current
Burned
Thirst
Learned
Cursed
Worst
Turned
First

Words that Rhyme with World

Served
Curled
Curved
Burned
Learned
Earned
Turned
Hurled
Swirled
Twirled
Whirled
Burnt
Current
Learnt
Cursed
First
Worst
Worked
Thirst
Burst
Swerved
Weren’t
Searched
Yearned
Purged
Merged
Churned
Urged
Surged
Spurned
Curbed
Termed
Splurged
Scourged
Perched
Jerked
Lurched
Dirt
Third
Curb
Hurt
Bird
Word
Shirt
Heard
Nerd
Hurst
Versed
Nursed
Lurked
Pursed

Words that Rhyme with You

Chew
Chou
Clue
Crew
Cue
Dew
Drew
Due
Few
Flew
Flu
Horseshoe
Pursue
Tattoo
Statue
Shampoo
Renew
Review
Withdrew
Yahoo

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Mayakovsky's Rhyme - Questions of Literature

M. Stockmar, Mayakovsky's Rhyme "Soviet Writer", M. 1958, 145 pp.

M. Stockmar has been working on V. Mayakovsky's verse for a long time. The researcher has done a huge and painstaking work on the study of Mayakovsky's rhyme, which testifies to the sharp eyesight of a scientist-analyst, who thoughtfully selects the necessary facts. The book has obvious merits - wide attraction and novelty of the material, new interesting conclusions about Mayakovsky's poetic technique.

M. Shtokmar points to the role of Mayakovsky's acoustic (or, as he calls it, orthoepic) principle of rhyming, in which the poet used "very real sound coincidences that previously remained out of poetic use as a result of the difference in spelling" (p. 30).

Attempts to classify Mayakovsky's rhymes were made even before the study of M. Stockmar (for example, B. Tomashevsky), but such a detailed technological classification was not in the literature of poetry, and its development is the undoubted merit of M. Stockmar.

The introduction of new terms by the researcher to designate previously little-known concepts seems justified: “variation” rhyme (p. 14), “sprayed” rhyme (p. 47), “initial-middle” rhyme (p. 90), “total” rhyme (p. 96), etc. It should be noted that the existence of new concepts has been proven on the basis of rich factual material (for example, the analysis of echoic rhyme on pp. 17–22).

M. Stockmar seeks to comprehend not only the consonance of endings; he attaches an important role to the analysis of euphony and the instrumentation of verse, showing how closely the various elements of the verse structure are closely connected. Completely new in the Mayakovo literature is the conclusion about the "preparation of rhyme" in the poet's verse, which the researcher came to. Using a large amount of poetic material, he proved that "in Mayakovsky's poems, the "sound preparation" of rhyme from afar, even within a line of poetry, acquires special significance" (p. 51).

As can be seen from what has been said, the book advances the study of not only Mayakovsky's rhyme, but Russian rhyme in general. And yet, despite the obvious advantages, the work does not cause complete satisfaction. This happens for two reasons. The first (not the main one) is that M. Shtokmar's book is sometimes devoid of internal harmony and unity. So, for example, the reasons for the emergence of new types of Mayakovsky's rhyme are revealed in several places (pp. 23 - 28, 105 - 107), the poet's innovation in the use of the pre-stressed part of rhyming words is said on pages 30 and 60, etc.

The main reason for dissatisfaction with the book, in my opinion, is that the author has chosen an aspect of research that does not fully reflect the achievements of Soviet literary criticism in the analysis of verse, although the methodology for analyzing poetic technique is original.

For the most part, he takes the linguo-technological aspect of the study, characteristic of Soviet versification of the 20s, in which the prevailing attention is paid to the technological aspects of verse (changes in individual sounds in rhyme, etc.) and, to a certain extent, the aesthetic understanding of the material is underestimated . I say "predominantly" because there is also an aesthetic aspect in the work (an attempt to comprehend Mayakovsky's innovation in the field of verse, an analysis of transfers - on pp. 131 - 132, etc.).

The best works of Soviet versifiers are characterized by the aesthetic and technological aspect of the study, which consists in understanding how the individual components of the verse (rhythm, rhyme, etc. ) are associated with the poetic content, contribute to its expression, being at the same time elements of the poetic technology with its own rules.

What has been said can be demonstrated by the author's analysis of a compound rhyme. M. Shtokmar carefully traces each technological change on a large number of examples. One would not have to object to this if the author paid more attention to the aesthetic understanding of Mayakovsky's rhymes. Sometimes a researcher simply states a fact, without convincingly proving the stated position: “In cases where Mayakovsky achieves special semantic emphasis, he decomposes the combination (meaning a close phrase. - B.G. .) into component parts and rhymes each of them separately” (p. 84). Seven quatrains are cited to support this position, but none of them has been analyzed. And the reader wants to get an answer to the question: how does semantic expressiveness manifest itself? It awaits concrete analysis.

In another place, the author makes an interesting claim - to analyze how rhyming words are compared on the grounds of direct correspondence and opposite meaning. After a brief statement on two pages (26, 28), examples of individual rhymes taken out of context follow (although just now, on page 25, the author recalled the role of context). When the reader looks through the lists of rhymes, he may have perplexed questions: what, for example, is the ratio of the rhymes "samo - Komsomol", "eye - stengaz" (p. 27). What is it - correspondence or opposite? Or maybe neither?

Predominant adherence to the linguo-technological aspect of the analysis led to the fact that the most important problems of Mayakovsky's rhyme did not receive full coverage. The author did not pay due attention to the semantic expressiveness of rhymes of the poet.

It seems that when analyzing the semantic meaning of Mayakovsky's rhyme, one should be guided by the following premises: to approach each example concretely; do not necessarily try to "squeeze out" a certain semantic meaning from each rhyme. It should be borne in mind that the most important words in terms of meaning are by no means always necessarily placed at the end of the line. It's is a poetic tendency, therefore, only with a specific analysis can one find out what semantic meaning this or that rhyme has.

Two cases are possible. Firstly, rhyme, correlating various concepts during repetition, linking them in our minds with a sound call, contributes to the expression of the main thoughts contained in certain stanzas. In this case, a kind of “echo” of the main idea of the stanza is formed in the rhyme, because additional attention is drawn to the words put in rhyme. Concepts do not always collide according to the principle of correspondence, similarity or opposition. In some rhyming words, the concepts are not opposite, but mutually exclusive.

Rhyme cannot directly express certain concepts, it only has the ability to fix them in consonance and thus make people pay attention to them. Of course, to a large extent, the correlation of concepts would occur even without rhyme, but rhyme helps, promotes such a correlation. Concepts very rarely correlate in a straight line, without associativity.

Secondly, another poetic tendency is manifested to a greater extent, when the “focus” of the main thought of the stanza is, as it were, formed in rhyme. This tendency is expressed in the fact that words collide in rhyme, the most important in the meaning of the given stanza, bearing the main semantic load. Again, a strictly concrete approach is needed, because sometimes rhymes contain words that do not carry a semantic load, and an attempt at analysis in this case can lead to vulgar sociologism. Sometimes these two tendencies merge.

Another important problem remained without a satisfactory answer - the reason for the appearance of new types of Mayakovsky's rhyme.

M. Shtokmar tries to explain Mayakovsky's innovation in the field of rhyme by the influence of vocabulary that emerged after 1917. “A poet who put his work at the service of the revolution,” the author writes, “needed to master a lot of words related to the construction and defense of the proletarian state . ..” (p. 22). But since "Mayakovsky's rhyme is saturated with meaning," "the poet had to "get" a number of new rhymes for words that, in connection with the revolution, replenished the vocabulary of the Russian language" (p. 23). So, innovation arose because after 19At the age of 17, Mayakovsky needed to select a rhyme for new words. Such a “lexical” explanation of innovation raises a number of perplexing questions: Mayakovsky had new ways of rhyming even before the revolution, when there were not many words that appeared later. By the way, the words listed on page 22 were mostly known to the poet even before the revolution. Before 1917, was Mayakovsky not familiar with the words "revolution", "socialism", "communism", "dictatorship", "revolt", "proletarian", "Bolshevik", etc.? Not only was he familiar, but he also used it in rhyme (for example, "stubby - revolutions" in "Cloud"). Therefore, a lexical explanation of innovation is by no means sufficient.

More fruitful is the author's search for innovation in Mayakovsky's "democratization of verse" (p. 105). But here, too, M. Shtokmar focuses on vocabulary, “linguistic style”; on pages 108 - 116 it is traced how the poet uses colloquial words in rhyme. But the "peculiarities of the language" (p. 106) also apply to prose speech.

Sometimes you can hear: "Mayakovsky's new rhyme appears because the poet needs to express new content." But such statements will remain general words until it is revealed how the new content is reflected in the structure of the verse.

The origins of Mayakovsky's innovation should be sought in the specificity of verse as an expressive system of speech with its own sound organization, which is realized in a specific pronunciation.

Verse implies a special perception, different from the perception of prose speech. When perceiving a verse, the attention of the reader or listener is sharpened. The listener reacts not only to semantic changes, but also to changes in individual components of the sound structure (rhythm, rhymes, etc.). When perceiving a verse, linguistic errors in form and poetic technique are more striking.

In the article “Our verbal work”, Mayakovsky pointed out that the armament with new poetic devices is “not an aesthetic end in itself, but a laboratory for the best expression of the facts of our time” (vol. II, M. 1939, p. 498).

Mayakovsky's innovation in the field of rhyme is explained by the fact that Mayakovsky consciously rebuilt the verse structure to better express the poetic content. The poet took into account that the constant use of traditional rhymes (as well as “meters”) in a poetic work leads to the fact that when reading, you begin to pay attention not to the content of the poetic work, but to the repetition, monotony and grayness of the rhyme (cf. Mayakovsky’s statement about rhyme “ sobriety - playfulness").

Mayakovsky's verse is specific, because, as M. Shtokmar noted, it is designed for a special pronunciation, the relationship between words is of a different nature than, for example, in Pushkin's poetry, each word sounds more full-bodied and is separated by a special pause. Since special pauses appear in Mayakovsky's verse, the connection between words weakens, becomes less tangible, the "melodiousness" of the verse disappears, and the role of rhyme as an organizing factor increases. Therefore, Mayakovsky said that without rhyme, "verse ... will crumble."

A conscious orientation towards a specific pronunciation led to an increasing emergence of pronunciation (acoustic) rhyme, and the strengthening of the organizing function of rhyme led to an increase in the degree of support , that is, the number of common sounds to the left and to the right from the reference vowel sound (M. Stockmar speaks only of an increase in the number of common sounds to the left).

The question of the connection between rhymes and 9 almost does not appear in the researcher's field of vision0003 rhythm in Mayakovsky's verse. In addition to strengthening the organizing function of rhyme, the importance of rhyme as a rhythm factor increases in Mayakovsky's verse. Rhyme, interrupting the smooth flow of poetic speech, divides it into verses, forming the primary rhythm of verses. The peculiarity of this function of rhyme in Mayakovsky's verse has not been revealed.

Some of the terms used by the researcher are not disclosed. The author uses the word "inaccuracy" (p. 38), speaks of "inaccurate rhyme" (p. 42). But what is "inaccuracy" as a category of poetry and what is the aesthetic meaning of this category? The question of the classification of Mayakovsky's rhyme from a sound point of view remained unanswered. Is the existing highly controversial classification into "exact" and "inexact" rhyme applicable to Mayakovsky's rhyme?

The author did not say enough about the achievements of his predecessors. So, for example, the provision on page 30 on how the role of the pre-stress part of consonance increases in Mayakovsky's rhyme was first formulated by V. Zhirmunsky ¹, and then developed by V. Bryusov ² , and this should be pointed out.

As can be seen from what has been said, M. Shtokmar's book, which on the whole is very useful for Soviet versification, contains shortcomings, as well as controversial and insufficiently proven provisions.

V. Zhirmunsky, Rhyme, its history and theory, Pg. 1923, p. 218. [↩]
V. Bryusov, On Rhyme, "Press and Revolution", 1924, N 1, pp. 116 – 117. [↩]

All exceptions of the Russian language for the Unified State Examination in one article

The exam does not check knowledge of existing rules, but their nuances. This is where the difficulty of the exam lies. Especially often the nuances are checked in spelling tasks (No. 9-15).

Exceptions in the roots of words

The spelling of the roots is checked in task No. 9. At the same time, there are three types of orthograms:

unstressed checked vowels,
unstressed unchecked vowels,
alternation.

Most often, exception words in Russian belong to the roots of the latter type. In addition to the main exceptions, it is also important to remember that the vowel that is heard is always written under the stress. However, any words that are exceptions in Russian to the rule for alternations still contain an alternating vowel.

Task #9The USE in Russian is formulated in such a way that in the answer you need to indicate the line numbers, all the words of which contain a vowel of a certain type (that is, one of the three spellings given above). That is, words with a complex root containing two or more unstressed vowels can fall under several types and fit different tasks. For example, metaphorical - two unverifiable and one verifiable, which means it will fit two types of formulations: if they are looking for both verifiable and unverifiable, this word will be searched for both there and there.

Exceptions in prefixes

The spelling of prefixes is checked in task No. 10. Errors occur mainly due to several nuances.

The first and most important of these are roots beginning with -and-, after prefixes. The vowel -i- after Russian prefixes changes to -ы-: for example, the name is nameless. The exception is the verb "to charge".

The second nuance is the spelling of prefixes pra- and pro-. The prefix pra- has the meaning of antiquity or affinity, in all other cases the prefix pro- will be attached. Difficulties may arise with the word "prototype". In the exam, it always uses the prefix pro-.

The third nuance is such exception words in Russian as homophones with prefixes pre- and pre-. The spelling of such prefixes is checked solely by the value.

Exceptions in suffixes

The spelling of suffixes is checked in task No. 11. The most difficult part of this assignment is writing -iva-/-eva- in verbs. When the suffix -va- is stressed, the same letter is written in front of it as in the infinitive: for example, merge - merge, overcome - overcome. In an unstressed position, -iva- / -yva- is always written. However, there are exceptions to this rule in Russian.

There are also exception words in adjective suffixes in Russian, which are checked at the USE. They concern the suffixes -ev / -iv- (without the accent -ev-) and -ensk- / -insk- (-insk- in adjectives from the stem to -in-, -i-, -a-).

Exceptions in endings

The spelling of endings is checked in task No. 12, that is, the task for conjugations. The second conjugation mainly includes verbs ending in -it, the first - all the rest. Exceptions to this rule rhyme well, so various poems are used to remember them. However, the difficulties do not end there.

There are also exception words in Russian that are conjugated quite differently from the rule. First of all, these are multi-conjugated verbs, the personal endings of which correspond to two conjugations at once:

to run,
to want,
to disdain.

And in the second place - verbs with a stressed ending or prefix you-. To determine their conjugation, such verbs are conjugated: with a stressed personal ending, the conjugation is determined by it, with an unstressed one, by the end of the infinitive.

Separately, you should pay attention to verbs ending in -yat, which are often mistaken: cherish, sow, cough, etc. But the verb "glue" is written through -and-!

Exceptions in the continuous and separate spelling of words

The continuous and separate spelling of words is checked in tasks No. 13 and No. 14. If in the first issue the spelling of NOT and NI with different parts of speech is interesting, then in No. 14 the spelling of all words is checked.

Exception words in Russian required for task No. 13 are adverbs of measure and degree and words that reinforce negation. As for the former, the word following such adverbs is written together with NOT, and the adverbs with NOT are written separately: absolutely unpleasant, but! not entirely pleasant. After the words that reinforce the negation, NOT is written separately: far from pleasant.

However, there are other exceptions in Russian that are required to complete task No. 14. The easiest way to remember them is through set expressions:

Exceptions in writing capital letters

The most difficult thing in writing lowercase and uppercase letters is the spelling of possessive adjectives: adjectives with the suffix -sk- are written with a small letter if they are not a name.