Definition of pre reading

What Are Pre-Reading Strategies & How They Work

As readers, we are often required to look further into our reading habits and determine what we can improve. Our time is generally limited, and we tend to depend on a wide variety of factors that influence our performance when reading. To regain some control over our habits, levels of comprehension, and levels of information retention, most of us start looking for the best reading strategies. What most of us fail to understand or simply overlook is that pre-reading strategies are actually equally important.

Here at Basmo, we want to help you learn everything you need to know in order to fully maximize your potential as a reader. Since pre-reading strategies are responsible to a certain extent for our success when reading with a purpose, we did some research to put together a list of things you should know about pre-reading and how it can help you achieve more.

Table Of Contents

What is pre reading?
Why is pre-reading important?
What are the most popular pre-reading strategies?
How to do pre-reading?
How can Basmo help with pre-reading?
Final thoughts

Understanding the pre-reading meaning can be a complex process.

What is pre reading?

By its definition, pre-reading is a general term that refers to all the actions a reader must complete before reading, as part of a strategy to engage with the text on a deeper level during the actual reading session. Pre-reading gives you the chance to take a look at the big picture before going into more detail.

There are several steps and techniques that define the pre-reading strategy:

Skimming: the process of reading a text quickly in order to get a sense of its overall structure and key concepts
Scanning: the process of focusing on particular information or keywords within the book or reading material, such as headings, subheadings, and bolded or italicized text
Previewing: the process of getting a sense of the main ideas and purpose of the text by looking at the introduction, headings, chapter names, and summary.

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Why is pre-reading important?

There are several reasons why pre-reading is an essential part of a successful active reading session. Pre-reading strategies set the tone for your active reading session, they create a skeleton for your learning curve and provide you with the necessary framework for the information you are about to absorb.

Pre-reading helps you gain a general understanding of the text. By using pre-reading strategies, you get a sense of the ideas and concepts you are going to read about in your upcoming session, as well as the structure of the material and how the data is organized.

Through pre-reading, you will get to identify some key terms and concepts before you actually start reading. This is sometimes helpful during the later stages of your active reading session, as having a basic understanding of some unfamiliar terms and concepts before you even get started will save you some precious time.

Pre-reading gives your upcoming reading session a clear purpose. It can help you better understand why you are reading a particular text, what you can achieve by reading it, and what concepts or ideas you are working to grasp. This, in turn, will give you the motivation boost you need to stay focused and constantly look for the exact information you want to acquire.

Including pre-reading strategies in your reading habits can actually save you some time, even though at first it may seem like you’re just adding an extra step to your activities. Through pre-reading you can actually determine whether a certain book or reading material is actually what you are looking for, whether it contains the information you are looking for and therefore worth reading or not. This is obviously important, as it can save you the trouble of reading something that doesn’t meet your expectations, only to realize that you need to put in just as much effort one more time to read another book on the same subject.

What are the most popular pre-reading strategies?

There are several distinct types of pre-reading. These strategies might differ in terms of complexity and technique, but the one thing they do have in common is the fact that they contribute to outlining the framework of your upcoming study or active reading session. These are the most important pre-reading strategies you should explore.

1. Expectation outline

As the name suggests, this pre-reading strategy represents a technique through which you get to set certain expectations for the upcoming reading session. For example, you could use this strategy to create a set of questions you expect the reading material to answer to.

2. Knowledge rating

This technique involves evaluating your own knowledge of certain topics or concepts before starting to read more about them. That way, you involuntarily access your memory, and not only do you bring out the information you already possess on that particular topic, but you also evaluate it to a certain extent.

3. KWL chart

Using a KWL chart can help your pre-reading process tremendously. You can easily get your hands on a pre-created KWL chart or create your own. The way this works is pretty simple. You should create a table with three columns, as follows:

K column: write down everything you already know about the topic you are about to explore
W column: write down what you want to learn from the upcoming reading session
L column: leave this blank until your reading session is over. Once you’re done reading, return to this section and write down the things you learned.

4. KWHL chart

Similar to the KWL chart, KWHL follows the same pattern, with one added step: the H column on the chart is reserved for writing down how you expect to learn the things you want to learn.

5. SQ3R

While SQ3R is in fact a rather complex reading strategy, and not just a pre-reading technique, it does involve some stages where the pre-reading should be done. There are five main steps in the SQ3R:

Survey – pre-reading stage
Question – pre-reading stage
Read
Recite
Review

SQ3R is a particularly effective reading and learning strategy, and it relies, among other things, on the pre-reading strategy.

How to do pre-reading?

Pre-reading might enhance reading comprehension and streamline the reading procedure. Here are some top tips for making the most of pre-reading:

Decide why you are reading the text. Having a clear purpose for your reading can assist you in staying focused on the most crucial details and avoiding distractions.
Skim the text to get a quick overview of the reading material’s organization and key concepts. Check out the headings, subheadings, and any other visuals, such charts or pictures.
Read the first and last paragraphs, as well as any introduction or ending parts, to get an overview of the content. These can offer context and help in your understanding of the text’s main ideas.
Take a look at the text’s vocabulary. If you come across any new words, try to deduce their meaning from context or look them up in a dictionary.
Make predictions regarding the things you stand to gain in terms of knowledge from reading the content in its entirety. Use the information you gathered during pre-reading to try and estimate how valuable the reading material is to you and how well it fits your needs.

Another way of pre-reading is by using the BASMO method (Browsing, Annotating, Summarizing, Mapping, and Outlining).

Browsing: skimming the book or reading material to get a grasp of its structure and key elements.
Annotating: making notes in the margins of pages or underlining key portions with a highlighter will help you remember critical details as you read.
Summarizing: after pre-reading the text, make a quick summary of its key points.
Mapping: map the text to highlight the connections between various ideas and concepts.
Outlining: arrange the information you gathered from the text in the previous steps into an outline with main ideas and supplementary information.

While the pre-reading examples I presented above are generally pretty self-explanatory, one addition that is worth making is that on top of being a great acronym for browsing, annotating, summarizing, mapping, and outlining, Basmo is also the name of our reading tracking app. And as you would imagine, it can be pretty useful in pre-reading strategies. Here’s why.

How can Basmo help with pre-reading?

Basmo makes note-taking an easy and facile adventure. As I mentioned above, the success of pre-reading strategies sometimes depends on note taking. Jotting down the relevant information, making your outline, KWL or KWHL charts requires you to put pen to paper. With Basmo, you can do all that with minimal effort.

As soon as a reading session is launched, the note-taking feature becomes available and you can immediately start typing. The notes can be easily formatted however you see fit in terms of fonts, font sizes, and colors, which means you will always find the relevant information quickly if your notes are well-organized right from the start.

You can use Basmo to keep a reading journal. Sometimes taking notes while reading or pre-reading isn’t enough. If you want to expand on your ideas from the pre-reading sessions, you can always use the journaling feature from Basmo. This gives you even more freedom in terms of space and structure and comes with the added benefit of always being available, regardless of the book you are currently reading.

Basmo tracks your reading performance. A pre-reading session is obviously a method through which you are trying to achieve a better level of comprehension and information retention by using as little time as possible. That last part is of utmost importance.

With Basmo, since every reading session is automatically tracked, timed, analyzed in terms of performance, you can always pay attention to how much time you spend pre-reading. Moreover, you can also keep in mind how quickly you go over the material in pre-reading sessions. Basmo tracks your reading speed across every single reading session, which makes it quite easy for you to analyze your stats and adjust things as you go.

Final thoughts

Pre-reading strategies are a great way for readers to maximize their potential in a limited timeframe. By looking over the material at hand before actually analyzing and reading it, you can easily decide whether the information you are looking for is available in the content and you can familiarize yourself with the concepts you are about to study. Use Basmo to make pre-reading a better, more interesting, and more efficient strategy.

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The Power of Pre-Reading - HIP Books

PRE-READING: Getting Your Brain Ready to Read

PRE-READING refers to all the things a reader does before reading in order to engage with the text and increase capacity to understand it.

“If you build the big picture before you start, you begin reading the text with a conceptual framework already in place. Then, when you encounter a new detail or a new bit of evidence in your reading, your mind will know what to do with it.”
(Michael Austin, 2007. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter)

THE 3 Ps of PRE-READING: PREVIEW, PRIOR KNOWLEDGE and PURPOSE FOR READING

PREVIEW: We preview a text to get a sense of what it’s all about. Previewing can range from scanning a short article to exploring illustrations or chapter headings.

PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: It’s said that prior knowledge represents up to 60% of comprehension! Authors often assume the reader is coming to the reading with certain knowledge. Activating prior knowledge before reading opens up those schema in our brains into which new information can be added Read more about background knowledge here.

PURPOSE: Knowing the purpose for reading helps us take a stance as a reader. For example, we read in a different way if we know the text is supposed to make us laugh than if the text is full of challenging facts.

Research has shown that engaging in pre-reading strategies can affect both motivation and comprehension. Appropriate preparation for reading can enable students to read materials that might otherwise be beyond their capacity. We know that pre-reading strategies are particularly important for struggling readers. That’s why every HIP TEACHER’S GUIDE contains suggestions for before reading the novel and discussion points before reading each section, including a nonfiction article to build prior knowledge and anticipation.

For example, here’s an idea from the HIP FANTASY COLLECTION: Have students brainstorm all the elements readers might expect to find in a fantasy story, such as a system of magic, villains and heroes and a setting that is another world. Then invite students to revisit the list as they read to see which are found in the book. Read more here.

PRE-READING ROUTINES

There are a number of things teachers can do to prepare students for reading a particular text, such as:

ANTICIPATION GUIDES: Prepare a list of facts/details from the book and flip some of them around so they are false. Before reading, invite students to guess whether each item is true or false. After reading, have students revisit the list and their predictions.
GROUP DISCUSSION OR BRAINSTORMING: Introduce the theme of the book or an essential question and have students discuss it before reading.
PRE-TEACHING KEY VOCABULARY WORDS: Pre-teaching 3-5 important concept words from the story builds background knowledge and helps support comprehension. (However, trying to teach too many words pretty much ensures that students won’t remember any of them! Stick to a small essential vocabulary.)

It’s important, however, to give students strategies that they can use on their own to prepare for reading Here are a few:

PIC FLICK/CHAPTER WALK: HIP novels are peppered with graphic novel-style illustrations to support comprehension. Every chapter in a HIP novel has a title, for the same reason. Flicking through the pictures or taking a trek through the chapter headings provides a preview of what will happen in the book. .
READ A RANDOM PAGE: HIP founder and author Paul Kropp always read page 40 before reading. There’s nothing magical (or scientific) about page 40, but there is something to be said for previewing a few random pages to get a sense of the author’s style and readability.
MAKE A NONFICTION CONNECTION: Think about what you already know (or think you know) about the topic. Read an informational piece or watch a video to build background knowledge about the theme of the novel.
GENERATE SOME WONDERINGS: Looking at the front cover image and back cover (or flyleaf) blurb, as well as engaging in other previewing strategies can generate questions that provide a purpose for reading.
UNDERSTAND THE GENRE: Even within the FICTION genre, there are a number of sub-genres that have quite different features, such as fantasies, mysteries, ghost stories, or historical fiction. Knowing the elements of the genre helps the individual take a stance as a reader and supports comprehension.
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE AUTHOR/SOURCE: Asking questions about where the information comes from is particularly important in internet reading, where anybody can publish just about anything. But even with fiction, knowing about the author’s style and what other things they’ve written can help readers prepare to read. Knowing if the author is trying to persuade you to think a certain way can help you read more critically. Read more about Purpose, Perspective and Point of View.
THINK ABOUT YOUR PURPOSE FOR READING: Why are you reading this text? Whether you’re reading for information or for pleasure will affect your “stance” as a reader. Readers will approach a text differently if they know it’s supposed to be funny or factual. Read more about Race Car Reading here.

HEY! WHAT ABOUT PREDICTION?

Predicting what a text will be about from the cover image or back cover blurb is a time-honored pre-reading strategy in school. Why isn’t it on the list? Read more here!

Dolgikh O.V. The main types and methods of reading

O. V. Dolgikh, methodologist

MKU "Information and Methodological Center"

Reading literacy involves understanding the purpose of reading, mastering various types of reading.

Types of reading

Depending on the purpose , the following types of reading can be distinguished: simple and complex reading.

As a rule, most of us use simple reading in our lives, which includes reading in order to “kill time”, distract from unpleasant thoughts, or even “to fall asleep”. This type of reading is a "light walk" through the pages of the book without deep reflection, response to what is read.

The group of complex reading includes such types of reading as:

1) cognitive - reading for the purpose of extracting information, its comprehension and preservation, a brief reaction to it - verbal or non-verbal. This is reading for information about something, replenishment of information, etc.; such is the reading of newspapers, pamphlets, some books, letters, new books in the specialty, etc. using the results of reading in other types of speech activity. This reading is an important and necessary tool for expanding one's horizons and experience, for deepening one's outlook, thoughts, feelings.

3) regulative – reading with subsequent objective actions, related or not related to those described in the text. This reading is for moral, "volitional" influence on the soul - "inspiring" reading; There are books that we read not because they give new knowledge, but because they pour new strength into the chest, cheer us up, and excite us to exploits.

In the methodology of teaching reading, the following types of reading are distinguished: studying, introductory, viewing, search.

Study reading is the careful reading of a text in order to fully and accurately understand its content and memorize the information contained in it for later use. Such reading requires the ability to solve problems that require a complete and critical understanding of the text: highlight the main and redundant information, distinguish between topics and subtopics, predict the sequence of presentation of text ideas.

Introductory reading involves the extraction of basic information, which requires the recreating imagination of the reader, thanks to which the meaning of the text is partially replenished. With such reading, the ability to determine the main idea of the text, to formulate a thesis expressing the general meaning of the text, to explain the order of the parts contained in the text, to compare the main textual and non-textual components is formed.

View reading is regarded as a kind of reading, the purpose of which is to obtain a general idea of the information contained.

Search reading involves mastering the ability to find in the text those elements of information that are significant for the performance of a particular educational task.

Ways of reading

Before you start reading, you must select a specific mode in which this type of activity will be carried out. This mode depends on the material to be read and on the purpose of reading. It is recommended to classify texts intended for reading, depending on the purpose of reading. In its most general form, such a classification looks like this:0005

1) texts to be studied in detail;

2) texts to be read;

3) texts from which certain information must be selected.

In this regard, there are several points of view on the classification of reading methods.

Andreev OA and Khromov LN in the book "Learn to read quickly" list five ways of reading:

1) in-depth;

2) fast;

3) panoramic fast;

4) optional;

5) reading-browsing and reading-scanning.

Deep reading. This kind of reading pays attention to the details, analyzes and evaluates them. Some educators call in-depth reading analytical, critical, creative. This method is considered the best in the study of academic disciplines. You do not just read the text and find out incomprehensible places, but, based on your knowledge and experience, consider the issue critically, creatively, find strengths and weaknesses in the explanations, give an independent interpretation of the provisions and conclusions, which makes it easier to remember the material read, increases activity on classes. In this way, textbooks, texts on an unfamiliar, complex topic are read.

Fast reading. This method has been discussed in sufficient detail above. Quick reading, when it reaches perfection, partially turns into in-depth reading.

Panoramic fast reading. This is the result of further improvement of the speed reading technique. Using special training exercises with stereotables, the student achieves a significant increase in the operational field of view. There is an effect of the so-called fusional divergence, i. e., dilution of the visual axes of the eyes. This increases the speed of reading and the quality of assimilation of what is read.

Selective reading. This is a type of speed reading in which individual sections of text are read selectively. The reader, as it were, sees everything and does not miss anything, but fixes attention only on those aspects of the text that he needs. The selective reading method is very often used when rereading a book after previewing it. Naturally, the speed of such reading is much higher than the speed of fast reading, since the pages of the book are flipped until the desired section is found. It is read in depth.

Read - view. Used to preview the book. This is an extremely important way of reading, which, despite its simplicity, few master.

Scan - a quick scan to search for a surname, word, fact. Experiments have shown that a fast reader performs this search two to three times faster than a traditional reader. By developing and training the visual apparatus and especially peripheral vision, he manages to instantly see the necessary information when looking at a page of text.

Povarnin SI in the book "How to read books" divides the ways of reading into groups:

The first group.

A. You can “leaf through the book”.

B. You can “look through”, “run through” it. At the same time, a skillful reader grasps only the most essential in general or the most important for him: the main thoughts, facts, etc.

Q. There is slow, incomplete reading, “selective”: they do not read fluently, thoroughly, but with omissions.

D. There is a complete reading, without omissions, but also without much work on the material.

E. Finally, you can read the book "with elaboration" of its content. This method is also the best school of reading. He who has not read and is not able to read with study will never reach the degree of ability to read in general and to look through a book well, which is available to him according to his abilities.

Second group. There is passive and active reading. When we read passively, we seem to surrender ourselves to the will of the author. No criticism, not even a clear assessment. We simply experience his thoughts, feelings, images; merge for a while with his personality, look through his eyes, delve into his experiences. We live in his world, for a while forgetting about ourselves, about our “I”. Whoever loves poetry, let him remember how he reads his favorite poem by his favorite author. With active reading, on the contrary, our “I” is constantly aware of itself, evaluates the thoughts of the author, agrees with them, criticizes them, reworks them in its own way, draws conclusions, etc. A typical case is reading an article that contradicts our views.

Third group. Surface and deep reading.

As an example, the author gives the following comparison: “Let's imagine a barrel of water. If we put the end of a stick in the water for a short time and begin to circle it, the water will begin to move near the surface, but not deeper. We lower the stick further, continuing to circle it, and a larger part of the water moves. If we lower the stick to the bottom, all the water will soon begin to move. This rough comparison somewhat illustrates the difference between shallow reading and deep reading. The more elements of mental life are involved in the work when reading, the more connections are established between what we read and what is already in consciousness and feelings, the deeper the reading. As a result of deep reading, the content of the book should be “assimilated” by us, become “ours”, become an integral part of the content of our personality, since we agree with it. In this way, a well-understood book can define a certain side of the personality and, insofar as this side is manifested in action, the very activity of a person. There are cases when a deeply read, thoughtful and heartfelt book determined the whole life of a person. Superficial reading is accompanied by minimal mental work - often just enough to understand what is at stake. “Assimilation”, of course, is out of the question here.”

Reading strategy is a certain method of working with text, a group of actions and operations applicable for the full development of the content of the text at each stage of reading.

Reading includes four stages:

1) the stage of orientation, when the reader decides for what purpose he takes up the written text, in what conditions to read;

2) the planning stage, when, taking into account the goals, place, time and other conditions, the reader determines the method and type of reading;

3) the stage of performance of activities, at which the plan is implemented and the semantic perception of the text is carried out;

4) the stage of control, when there is a self-analysis of the results of reading, the realization of whether the communicative goals have been achieved, and if not, why.

As Povarnin S.I. said: “The ideal reader should equally master all ways of reading and easily adapt to any purpose of reading. To study a book, he will read it in full, active, in-depth, with study. The same methods are required when reading basic books for self-education. When reading a newspaper, the ability to skim is always required, but something in it often has to be read incomplete or complete reading. Finally, occasionally one comes across in a newspaper - especially for a specialist - and such material that is useful or even necessary to read with study, with extracts, etc. But no matter how he reads, his reading will be distinct, i.e. he will have a clear idea of what he has read, and not a vague and vague one. Clear reading is a prerequisite for good reading.”

List of information resources:

1. Andreev, OA Learn to read quickly [Electronic resource] / OA Andreev, LN Khromov. - Access mode : http://bookap.info/razvit/andreev_uchites_bystro_chitat/

2. Asmolov, AG Formation of universal learning activities in basic school: from action to thought. Task system: Teacher's manual [Text] / A. G. Asmolov. – M.: Enlightenment. - 2010.

3. Povarnin, S. I. How to read books [Electronic resource] / S. I. Povarnin - Access mode: https://masterskietexta.livejournal.com/tag/%D1%81%D0%B5 %D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD

4 methods of quick reading of educational and scientific literature

People have been reading for hundreds of centuries , but only in our time the question of increasing the speed of reading has become so acute. The main reason is the increase in the volume of information as a result of the development of science, its integrativity and the need to significantly accelerate the development of information. Organize daily workouts for your brain and the result will not be long in coming.

In Russian, reading is interpreted in several meanings:

1. reading as a process of perception of texts arranged in various ways:

2. reading as pronunciation, recitation of texts, including for educational purposes;

3. reading as an oral presentation to an audience of educational (lecture) or scientific material (report).

4. reading as a process of perception, processing, recoding, understanding and memorization of various symbols and texts with the help of a visual analyzer.

Figure 1. Text processing model

In-depth is a way of reading in which the reader pays attention to details, analyzes and evaluates them. It is also called analytical or critical.

For example, this way of reading is best used when studying academic disciplines.

Quick reading - continuous reading of the text, in which the process of analyzing facts and synthesizing individual concepts quickly proceeds.

For example, this way of reading is suitable for reading scientific, technical, economic, etc. literature.

Selective reading is a reading method in which individual sections of the text are read selectively.

For example, this method is used for secondary reading of an information source after its preview.

Reading-browsing is a way of reading in which there is a preliminary acquaintance with the source of information.

For example, we pick up a book, skimming through the preface, looking for the author’s most important provisions from the table of contents, according to which we can presumably judge the main content of the source, look through the conclusion and draw a conclusion about the usefulness and value of the text.

Reading-scanning is a method of reading a source in which it finds only factual information (numbers, words, surnames, etc.).

For example, to prove his point of view, the reader looks for this or that statistical information in books.

Thus, the considered methods of reading show the need not only to master them, but also the opportunity to choose the appropriate method each time, depending on the nature of the text and the time budget.

Regression - involuntary, mechanical, repeated eye fixations of the same section of the text (phrases, words, sentences). With such reading, the eyes move back, but not to the starting point of reading, but limiting themselves to the near zone.

Speaking is the movement of the lips, tongue and other organs of speech while reading to oneself. When reading slowly, internal speaking occurs, proceeding at the same speed with which we read the text aloud.

Small field of vision — coverage of the text by the eye during one fixation of the gaze. A person perceives letters, words, at best a few words, therefore, the eyes make several fixations, which is called splitting the gaze.

Absence of a reading strategy - absence of a goal, task and topic that moves the reader.

Lack of attention - switching thoughts to extraneous sounds, thoughts, objects reduces interest in reading and slows down the perception of the text.

Reading methods differ in the speed of their implementation, which is defined as the number of characters read per unit of time. Important is not only the speed of reading the text, but also the coefficient of understanding, the productivity of reading.

In different countries and languages, both the names and meanings of reading standards differ (see table).

Reading speed standards in different countries

Our country also has reading speed standards for adults (see table).

Russian Reading Speed Regulations

Of course, each person's reading speed is individual and depends on many factors: the activity of neuropsychic processes, features of thinking, attention, genetic predisposition. But each person, training daily, can change his own indicators.

Reception 1. Disable regression.

It is necessary to force yourself not to return to the previously read text. To do this, you can wear headphones while reading or use a special reading algorithm. This algorithm assumes sequential extraction of information on key issues.

Special reading algorithm

TITLE (books, articles) - AUTHOR (authors) - SOURCES AND ITS DATA - TOPIC (what the book, article is about) - FACTUAL INFORMATION - DISPUTE ISSUES - NOVELTY OF THE MATERIAL AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS USE.

Reception 2. Disable internal articulation (pronunciation).

Since our speech is a rhythmic pattern, to increase the speed of reading it is necessary to use the arrhythmic tapping technique.

Arrhythmic tapping reception

While reading to himself, a person taps out a rhythm with his hand that does not correspond to the rhythm of Russian speech. For example: one-two-three-four-six-seven-eight. This rhythm breaks the usual mechanism of speech movements when reading a Russian text, that is, it interferes with internal pronunciation.

Reception 3. Expanding the field of view.

The untrained eye is forced to make 12-16 stops while reading, which takes time and tires the eye muscles.

Vertical reading technique

The table contains numbers from 1 to 25. Look at the center of the table from a distance of 30-40 cm, trying to see the entire table. You must find all the numbers in ascending order from 1 to 25 in 25 seconds. If you have lost any purely, then look for it by moving the eye only vertically. Using the same pattern, you can make tables for yourself with a large number of numbers. Exercise 3-5 minutes daily.

Vertical Reading Chart

Reception 3. Improving attention.

In psychology, it is customary to distinguish the following qualities of attention: concentration, volume, switching, distribution, and stability. Fluent reading skills require the development of all qualities.

To improve all qualities, a series of exercises must be performed daily.

Exercise example.

You have two tasks. Each of which you must close with a piece of paper immediately after reading. Read assignments very quickly. Then you should answer the questions.

Task 1. The wife asked her husband to buy butter, soap, meat, and cabbage. Husband bought: cabbage, soap, oil, lard. What did your husband forget to buy? What did he buy extra?

Task 2. In room 235, in the right drawer of the closet, which stands next to the desk, there is a book of Wormsbereh and Cabin “One Hundred Pages an Hour”. Bring her. Where exactly is the book? Were you asked to enter room 325, 235, 435? Where is the closet? Where is the book? Who are the authors of the book?

The online Schulte table is one of the most effective simulators for developing attention, memory and speed reading skills.

Lumosity - online version has more than 40 games for training attention, multitasking, short-term and long-term memory, focus (concentration), stress management, etc.

PEAK - contains 25 puzzles divided into several categories. Focus - a series of exercises on interacting with shapes: sorting, matching and isolating them. Agility - puzzles that require quick decision making and cause a certain amount of brain confusion. Problem Solving is a series of puzzles in which special emphasis is placed on working with numbers and geometric shapes. Memory - 7 exercises to train memory and work with cards. Language - provides for the development of skills for quick selection of words, pairing, searching for words among the letter grid (support for English only).

"B-trainika" - daily selects 5 exercises for you, focused on the comprehensive improvement of the basic cognitive functions of the brain.