How many letters should a kindergartener know

Kindergarten reading Reading | GreatSchools.org

If learning to read is like building a skyscraper, then kindergarten is the year to construct the most solid foundation possible. As part of that foundation, kindergartners will be working on the five pillars of kindergarten reading: understanding the relationship between sounds and words (phonetics), reading fluently, understanding what they read, expanding vocabulary, and building knowledge.

All about the alphabet

This year, your kindergartner will be expected to recognize all 26 lowercase and uppercase letters — as well as their sounds. They should be able to identify which letters are different in similar words (e.g. map, lap, tap). They should also know that spoken words represent a sequence of letters.

Left to right, up to down, front to back

Kindergartners need to learn the reading rules: that you start at the top of the page and going downwards, you read from left to right, and page by page. By the end of the year, students also need to become familiar with parts of a book, such as the front cover, the back cover, and the title page.

Related: Learn one simple way to boost your child’s reading skills.

Word sense and rhymes

Word play helps kindergartners understand how words are broken into individual syllables and how words with similar endings rhyme. The more exposure kindergartners get to how syllables and words work together, the more they’ll build their word knowledge.

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All year long, kindergartners are working on what’s known as “decoding” skills — deciphering the meanings of words and phrases within the context of what they’re reading. And when your child asks you to read their favorite book over and over (and over) again? Take heart! Your clever kindergartner is practicing decoding without even knowing it!

Related: Watch our Milestone video Does your kindergartner “decode” like this?

Finally, with the help of adults, kindergartners are learning to make connections between words and their nuances, so they can sort them into categories (e. g. shapes and colors) and figure out antonyms, a fancy way of saying opposites (e.g. open/close, hot/cold). This year, they’ll even be deciphering shades of meaning between words. Tip: Have your child act out similar words. What does it look like to march, strut, walk, and stroll? What does it look like to cry, sob, and howl?

Mastering common words

According to the Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, about half of all reading texts are made up of the same 100 words! Here’s something even more remarkable about these wonder words: most kindergartners will know all of them by the end of the year. To that end, many kindergarten teachers will send their students home with lists of these high-frequency words (e.g. at, be, of, and to). Your child will also need to learn sight words — words that can’t be easily sounded out or illustrated with a text (e.g. good, out). When it comes to sight words, memorization is key, since using phonics or decoding skills don’t often work for these short, common, but often oddly spelled words. (How does one sound out “the” anyway?) Tip: Word lists are perfect for the refrigerator, where you can playfully quiz your kindergartner before dinnertime.

Exploring fiction and nonfiction

While reading with your child, start asking: is this real or imaginary? The goal is for kindergartners to split their time between stories and information (think: dinosaurs, trees, and starfish) while learning the differences between the two types of text. By the end of kindergarten, your child should be able to recognize stories and poems and find the name of a book’s author and illustrator with the understanding that the author wrote the words and the illustrator drew the pictures — whether the book is a true story or a truly fantastic tale.

Related: Check out our lists of classic childhood favorites and history books for kindergartners.

Building a knowledge bank

Kindergartners need to grow their understanding of the world by integrating new information into what they already know. Think of it as your kindergartner opening a knowledge bank account and filling it with accumulated information.

Related: Watch our Milestones video Does your kindergartner read to learn like this?

Key skills that will help your kindergartner build knowledge include being able to retell familiar stories; identify characters, setting, and major events in a story; and compare and contrast characters and events in different stories.

What does this sound like? It’s your 5-year-old explaining that Harold in Harold and the Purple Crayon had an amazing adventure because of what he imagined. It’s your T-rex lover understanding dinosaurs were real, but now don’t exist. The key is getting kindergartners understanding and thinking about the big ideas they learn when they read — and taking that information with them as they grow.

Show me the evidence!

In kindergarten, this really just means finding — and literally pointing to — answers to questions. Your child could show evidence by flipping through the pages and finding the words — or the picture of the scene you asked about.

Related: Watch our Milestones video Does your kindergartner show understanding like this?

Your child’s teacher will emphasize evidence in different ways this year, but the main skills are:

• Asking and answering questions about details in books and showing exactly where those answers show up in the text or illustrations.
• Being able to discern a book’s main point and using the text or images to show how the author makes this point.
• Connect a book’s illustrations to the exact words they illustrate.

How Many Letters and Letter Sounds Should Young Children Know, And By When?

No More Teaching A Letter A Week is the latest offering in the Not This But That series, edited by Ellin Keene and Nell Duke. In this new book, early literacy researcher Dr. William Teale argues that alphabet knowledge is more than letter recognition, and he identifies research-based principles of effective alphabet instruction.  Literacy coach Rebecca McKay brings those principles to life through purposeful practices that invite children to create an identity through print.

In today's post adapted from the book, William Teale introduces how children learn the alphabet, and how phonics standards differ across the country.

by William Teale

This question becomes important in light of the differing standards for alphabet knowledge that can be found for preschoolers:

• Alaska, Alabama, Arizona, South Dakota—at least 10 letters
• Indiana—13 uppercase letters
• The Head Start Outcomes Framework—“Identifies at least 10 letters of the alphabet, especially those in their own name”
• Early Reading First Performance Targets—16 to 19 letters.

You get the picture—standards for alphabet knowledge vary considerably. What does research say about what standards should be? There is as yet no comprehensive answer to this question, in part because the question itself is multifaceted: Is it how many to be considered not at risk? To be successful in reading at third grade? At first grade? And so forth… It is also the case that few studies have addressed this question directly. The best indicator we have to date comes from research conducted by Piasta, Petscher, and Justice (2012). They investigated the diagnostic efficiency of various upper- and lowercase letter-naming standards for 371 preschoolers, and one particular question in the study attempted to identify “optimal benchmarks.” Findings indicated that an end-of-preschool/beginning of kindergarten benchmark of ten letters was adequate to determine negative predictive power (the vast majority of children reaching this benchmark would not be at risk for low literacy achievement in grade 1), but also that optimal benchmarks were eighteen uppercase letters and fifteen lowercase letters when considering the three later grade literacy outcomes of letter–word identification, spelling, and passage comprehension. Thus, Piasta, Petscher, and Justice (2012) advocate setting higher end-of-preschool benchmarks than those typically appearing in state early learning standards or Head Start standards.

Overall conclusions based on research about how young children learn the alphabet are outlined in the figure below.

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

William Teale is Professor, University Scholar, and Director of the Center for Literacy at the University of Illinois at Chicago. His work was central to bringing forth the concept of emergent literacy, and he has published widely in the field for the past 35 years.

​Former Teacher of the Year in Alabama, Rebecca McKay is a literacy coach, a Teacher Consultant for the National Writing Project, a former trainer of trainers for the Alabama Reading Initiative, and a national presenter on a variety of literacy topics.

Topics: Early Childhood Education, No More Teaching A Letter A Week, Not This But That, Phonics Word Study, William Teale, Comprehension, Language Arts, Rebecca McKay, Spelling

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Komsomolskaya Pravda

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Oksana Kalnina

December 5, 2019 0:46

Komsomolskaya Pravda found out where the boy from Kazan has such superpowers [video]

Tamerlan in Tamerlan. In kindergarten, she learns not only English, but also Chinese. Photo: Lika ISAEVA

Oksana, I'm Tamerlane, and I really love letters! Let's go and show, - a four-year-old boy took my hand and dragged me into the room. While I was undressing in the hallway, he was already laying out the alphabet puzzle:

- Look, this is "A", "B", "C", and here I am attaching "G". They go in that order!

I came to this Kazan family to see with my own eyes how the child prodigy, who is talked about on all TV channels, grows up. Allegedly, at the age of four, he is fluent in 40 languages. Under articles and videos about Tamerlane, readers leave comments: “Parents, by their training, deprived the child of childhood. How is that possible?!”

Really, how? It is not so easy to make a kid do what he does not want to do. They don’t tie him to the desk with belts ...

Tamerlan loves to write letters in different languages. Below on the floor is the Russian alphabet drawn by him. Photo: Personal archive

Not a moment of peace

We met the boy while his mom and dad were away from home. Tamerlan was going to shoot in the show “Best of All” with Maxim Galkin, so he didn’t go to kindergarten that day: you never know, he will pick up the virus. Sat with a nanny, a pretty girl. It looks like an ordinary baby, even speaks, not quite clearly pronouncing sounds. But his conversations are not childish at all. It immediately became clear that no one was forcing him to do it. As soon as I crossed the threshold, the boy did not sit still for a minute. He walked from one corner of the room to another, ran out to the nursery, returned again. And all this time he was talking about alphabets and favorite letters.

- He can talk about them all day long! - says the nanny Nastya. But if you don't want to do something, you can't force it. Otherwise scream! Here are his coloring pages in Spanish and German. Tamerlane, what alphabet did you write? Greek? Or is it in Chinese? Can you read to us?

Tamerlane takes a piece of paper covered with hieroglyphs, lies down on the floor and starts naming the badges. Sometimes he gets lost, thinks about a forgotten symbol, but he names almost everything confidently.

The Armenian alphabet drawn by a boy. Photo: Personal archive

During my visit, Tamerlane's favorite was the Bashkir alphabet. He gladly showed the leaves, on which he drew letters with paint, sang a song about them, told what letters Bashkir differs from Tatar. Tamerlan knows him very well: the family speaks both Russian and Tatar (even in kindergarten he studies English and Chinese).

Switching him to something else, not what he wants right now, is difficult. My nanny and I slipped Tamerlane a book in Spanish, then in German: read it. He either immediately refused, or reluctantly read one or two words and returned to his occupation - copying the Tatar alphabet onto a piece of paper, and not in block letters, as the boy specified, but in written letters.

By the way, yes, a 4 year old is reading. In Russian and Tatar - with an understanding of the meaning. In other languages, by reading letters combined into words. In those languages ​​where the letter entry corresponds to the sound, it turns out to be similar to the original.

Japanese alphabet drawn by a boy. Photo: Personal archive

Started with Turgenev

According to his mother, by the age of four, Tamerlane had learned more than 40 alphabets (see "Specifically"). But the score increases almost every week: the boy is constantly learning something new.

- I think it's because the letters surrounded him from birth. When he was a baby, we bought him a soft rug with an alphabet, then cubes with letters, - recalls the boy's father Airat.

Parents noticed their son's interest at the age of 10 months (Tamerlane pointed at the letters with his finger) and are trying to satisfy him. The baby began to speak and read Russian at the same time at the age of one, without baby talk and inventing his own words.

- I hear something mumbling. I listened: “Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons". It turns out that I read it on the spine of the book, - Svetlana recalls. - We went outside with him - and he began to read all the signs that he sees.

By the age of one and a half, Tamerlane was studying the Hebrew, Arabic, and Korean alphabets. For several days I studied an intricate ligature and moved on to the next one.

- We don't deal with him on purpose. Yes, we would not have enough knowledge, - Mom explains. - Even at the age of two, Tamerlane asked something about the Japanese language. And I realized that I can’t explain to him - I don’t know. Rather, it encourages us to learn new things. He asks a question, and we go online to answer.

The boy wrote this letter to Santa Claus when he was two years and two months old. Photo: Personal archive

An apple from an apple tree?

- We are completely ordinary people, - says Airat Sitdikov. - Svetlana is a TV journalist, I am the head of a network of municipal teenage clubs. They studied like everyone else, they were not geeks. Therefore, we do not direct our son, but follow his interests.

Tamerlan learns letters like this: on a laptop (he is allowed to use it for an hour and a half a day), he selects the name of the language he likes in a search engine and watches children's educational cartoons about it. Most often these are animated songs with letters. Sometimes, for clarity, the authors of cartoons give words to the letter being studied - then Tamerlane also remembers the word. But in general, the boy is not very interested in words, their meanings.

- I don't translate! - he shouts when I once again ask to read and explain the meaning of a foreign word.

During the educational cartoon, Tamerlane looks at the screen without looking up. Where did his restlessness go? He can take a felt-tip pen and start writing letters right there. Or print the alphabet on a printer. A couple of cartoons in Serbian - and the boy's dad and I pester Tamerlane: how will the "girl" be in this language?

"I don't know!" - the kid irritably waves us away.

"Look in the translator!" Dad insists. Tamerlane opens the bookmark with tips from adults, but independently enters a request and reads out to us the translation: “Girl!” Turns on voice acting. "Girl!" says a mechanical voice.

Tamerlan remembers not only the spelling of the letter, but also the pronunciation. And he repeats it with ease. And he writes confidently and smoothly, like an adult!

On the show "Best of all" the kid was presented with his favorite letter "Yo". Photo: Personal archive

What if the gift is lost?

- Before shooting in the program "Best of all" we would need to prepare with Tamerlan, - Svetlana tells me. - But the son does only what he wants. I don’t know how the shooting will go in general, but what if he is out of sorts and doesn’t want to act? We go there at our own expense, we pay for the road and accommodation ourselves. A lot of money ... I calm myself - then we will just have a vacation.

- What do doctors say about Tamerlane?

- Both the pediatrician and the neurologist say: "Beautiful child!" He is a star in the clinic. While the pediatrician filled out his card on the computer, the son came up and corrected “Tamerlan” on the keyboard to “Tamerlanchik”.

- What do you think about the future for Tamerlane?

- No one in our country takes care of such children, - says the mother. - We went to Moscow, we were ready to move there for the sake of our son. But even in the most promoted gymnasium, which teaches gifted children, we were told that Tamerlane was too small. Yes, in general, he only learned in kindergarten that during classes you need to sit down at the table and do something, maybe completely uninteresting. Of course, we want to give our son the best, especially since he is a kind of child. For example, for all his development, he does not eat himself. He has to be fed. Tamerlan does not seem to want to waste his time wielding a spoon. We have a private kindergarten, they said: it's okay, he will learn quickly! But the months go by, and they keep feeding him.

- The son follows his own interests, not thinking about any practical benefit, - dad explains to me. - He is interested in letters, and he studies them. Can it be applied somewhere, no - he doesn't care at all. He does what he wants. Did I think that in a few years his gift would disappear and he would become the same as the rest of the children? Thought. But I'm not afraid of it. As parents, it might even be easier for us. We will not love our son any less.

SPECIFIC

Worldwide

Alphabets who know the boy

1. Abkhazsky

2. Avarsky

3. Albanian

4. English

5. Armenian

6. Arabic

7. Bashkir

8. Belorussian

9. Bulgarian

10. The letter (Slavic alphabet)

0004

17. Kazakh

18. Kyrgyz

19. Khmersky

20. Chinese (Chinese hieroglyphic keys table)

21. Latinsky

22. Macedonian

23. Marisky

24. German

25 25 Norwegian

26. Ossetian

27. Persian

28. Portuguese

29. Serbsky

30. Tajiksky

31. Tatar

32. Udmurt

33. Uzbek 9. Uzbek 9.0004

34. Ukrainian

35. Urdu (one

from India languages)

36. Chechen

37. Czech

38. Chuvashsky

39. Finnish

40. Phoenician

41. French

22 42. Croatsky

43. Swedish

44. Estonian

45. Japanese katakana

46. Japanese hirogan

Comment of specialist

“If there is superpowers, they will shut up”

We asked to comment on the achievements of Tamerlane, a well-known neuropsychologist, candidate of psychological sciences, professor Anna Semenovich .

- Is it possible to say that Tamerlane is a child prodigy?

- I have not personally seen this child and cannot say for sure. But we can assume that he has an excellent visual memory. It is developed to the level of hypermemory. However, it is too early to say whether the boy will become a child prodigy. Geeks are still children whose superpowers have resulted in something that even adults perceive as something outstanding.

Mozart was writing music at the age of 4. We can listen to her - yes, impressive! Zhenya Kissin (a virtuoso pianist. - Ed.) Was considered a child prodigy, well, he is still a star. And to know letters at 4 years old, albeit many languages, to be able to read them is an ability that over time can develop into something deep (for example, a child will become a polyglot or write a new “War and Peace”), or maybe come to average level by 10 - 12 years. He doesn't write fairy tales, does he? No, he just reproduces what he saw. Operates with icons, symbols. Give him an atlas of road signs for all countries of the world - he will learn them in the same way.

Professor Anna Semenovich. Photo: neuro-psychol.ru

- He learned the periodic table...

- That's what I'm talking about. But for us adults, there is a meaning behind the letter. We combine them into words, behind which there are some images. And the child is unlikely to be so. While he demonstrates not thinking, but memory. But an excellent memory is not always evidence of superpowers of thinking.

- If parents notice a gift in a child, how to develop it?

- Versatile. Talk a lot with children and in front of children. Listening to adult conversations, reading books and following the author's thoughts, the child learns to think, the picture of the world is linked into a single whole. Modern children have problems with this: parents are buried in gadgets, they are silent. And tutors train on certain knowledge, not giving the breadth and systemic worldview. On the other hand, a new clever phrase appeared - “clip thinking”, that is, thinking in separate, unrelated frames. And what else can it be if the child is presented with information in this way - incoherent fragments? And what he gets, he delivers.

If your child has a clear ear for music, enroll him in music lessons. Mathematical abilities - let him visit the appropriate circle. But you don't have to bet on just one thing. It is more important to give all-round development so that the child then has a choice of what to do. If there are outstanding abilities, they will manifest themselves at an older age. But then they will already fall on more prepared soil - developed thinking, outlook - and shoot like talent.

AFTERWORD

“I didn’t go to Galkin, but just to talk about what I like”

After filming on Channel One, Svetlana sent me a message: “He did everything the way he wanted. I didn’t go to Galkin at all and not to the “Best of All”, but simply to tell everyone about alphabets and letters. Refused to varnish and dress smartly. He went on stage in what was comfortable, the usual kindergarten T-shirt and trousers. I didn’t sit on the couch with the host and have a nice dialogue, arranging an athletics race. He talked a lot about Chechen, Bashkir and Armenian, he so wanted. He refused medals and gave gifts to the heroes of his scene, taking only the letter “Yo” for himself (the boy’s favorite letter. - Ed.). He did everything the way he wanted. And this should be learned from Tamerlane.”

A four-year-old boy from Kazan learned the alphabets of 40 languages ​​of the world

Lika ISAEVA, From the personal archive of the hero of the publication

He is fluent in Chinese, Korean and even Khmer, this, if anyone does not know, is the official language of Cambodia

will be delighted. It happens, of course, when a child knows more, and there are children who by the age of one are already fluent, moreover, in several languages ​​at once. Tamerlane from Kazan can easily be attributed to the number of such children. (details)

Read also

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what a child should be able to and know, readiness for school — karpachoff.com

A 6-year-old child is on the verge of important changes in his life. Yesterday's kid, kindergartener will soon become a schoolboy. There will be an acquaintance with classmates, teachers, school rules. The time of games is reduced, new responsibilities appear. The task of parents is to support the child during this period, to create favorable conditions for his development. Prepare your child for the role of a first grader. What a child should know for school - more on this later in the article.

What a 6-year-old child should know and be able to do

What child's skills should parents pay attention to before going to school?

The child supplements the knowledge acquired in the lessons with parents and other adults with his own remarks and conclusions.

The preschooler is well oriented: he knows the way to the kindergarten, shop, bus stop. Knows how to tell the time on a clock with hands. Successfully performs tasks to identify minor differences in two drawings, to compare objects in height, depth, length, width. Reproduces printed letters, holds the pen correctly.

The logical reasoning of six-year-olds surprises, makes parents proud. Yesterday's baby clearly and consistently expresses thoughts. "Clicks" puzzles: finds a unifying word for a chain of objects, reveals the terms with words that are suitable in meaning. Understands cause and effect relationships: “I refused to wear a hat for a walk and therefore got sick.”

By the age of six, thinking through images develops. The child draws, sculpts, lays out patterns from the mosaic, not according to the example proposed by adults, but according to his own imagination. He composes plots for games, supplements with fictional details or remakes familiar fairy tales.

Read also: Hyperactive child: what is he like and what to do with him?

What else should a child know at 6 years old. For example, basic knowledge of mathematics. Easily counts up to ten and vice versa, knows how to count objects and write numbers. Adds, subtracts, understands more-less concepts. Depicts simple and complex geometric shapes on paper, knows their names.

A preschooler draws knowledge about the world from walks, cartoons, books, communication with peers and adults. He knows the names and purpose of the surrounding objects, knows how to describe their features. Distinguishes domestic and wild animals, migratory and wintering birds. Knows the names of trees and shrubs, shows them for a walk.

Attention and memory in six-year-olds are almost completely formed. The child is able to focus on an interesting task for up to 20 minutes and bring it to the end after a short break.

Arbitrary memory begins to prevail over involuntary. The child purposefully makes efforts to memorize: he repeats a line of a poem several times, an unfamiliar word. He can retell a cartoon series or a story he read before going to bed.

Others understand what the child is saying. His active vocabulary is extensive and varied: the child uses all parts of speech, participial phrases, complex sentences. Replaces repeated words with synonyms and pronouns.

Pronounces all sounds clearly, knows how to change the intonation and strength of the voice. Practiced in monologue speech.

What should a child of 6 years old be able to do? Know letters, distinguish them from sounds, pronounce and reproduce in writing. Name words starting with the given letter. Some children learn syllabic reading at the age of 6. There are a lot of educational materials on this issue, so parents can easily figure out how to teach a child to read at 6 years old.

Social skills are important skills for a child before school. They are formed in the process of communication of the child with peers on the playground, in kindergarten, in circles and sections. A preschooler learns to negotiate, compromise, defend their own boundaries and feel the boundaries of others.

Self-care skills developed: self-dressing, taking care of neatness, the ability to heat up and put food on a plate, set the table, and conduct hygiene procedures without constant parental control and reminders. The child performs feasible household chores.

A six-year-old does not hang out among strangers, she feels self-confident if her parents are nearby. Communicates with adults and children, answers questions, makes new acquaintances.

Children of 6 years old begin to move away from their parents. This is a normal, natural process that adults should accept as the next stage in the development of the child. Support, hugs, unobtrusive control, help from mom and dad, confidential communication with them are still very important.

Preschoolers tend to communicate with their peers, they make real friends. Joint activities are no longer limited to toys.

The guys have topics for conversation, they exchange impressions about books and cartoons, tell each other about important events in life, about plans. They learn to negotiate among themselves, discuss the rules of joint games, resolve conflicts without the help of adults.

Children begin to show sympathy for the opposite sex, which can be expressed both in frank adoration and signs of attention, and in feigned indifference to the object of love.

What difficulties a child may face and how to help him

At the age of 6-7 years there is a stage of the next psychological crisis. The child grows up, learns to control his emotions and desires. Educational activity appears in his life as a stage of preparation for school. The behavior of the child (to a greater or lesser extent) manifests disobedience, a desire to argue with parents and other adults, to defend their point of view. The preschooler becomes more reasonable, attentive to appearance. Responds sharply to criticism.

The requirements for preschoolers are increasing. Parents, teachers in kindergarten are waiting for greater independence, responsibility: "You're going to school soon, urgently learn to read / tie shoelaces / be friends." The child, being on the verge of serious changes, may experience difficulties. The task of parents is to calm, support, help.

Feels shy to speak first, ask to be accepted into the game. Worried about not having any friends. He sticks to children, imposes himself, even if they don’t want to play with him. He considers everyone his friends, even those who offend him.

Tips for parents:

• Do not ridicule or devalue the child's experience, and do not brush it off if he/she complains of communication problems.

• Organize a game in the yard, invite other children to keep your child company. Invite the guys who the child likes to visit. Have a picnic together. Strengthen the self-esteem of the preschooler, work on alleviating shyness.

• Patiently explain that friendship is possible only by mutual desire. Let the child try not to rush to be friends with everyone in a row, but try to find a person with similar interests: invite him to play football or ride a carousel. Teach your preschooler to adequately accept rejection, respect their own and others' boundaries.

The child dresses only with prodding and prompting from adults, does not know how to tie shoelaces, does not follow the hygiene and neatness of clothes.

Tips for parents:

• Continue to teach your child self-care skills, improve and complicate them.

• Teach a preschooler self-control: “Did I brush my teeth/put away toys/wash the dishes thoroughly enough?”.

• Gently insist on finishing the job, ask to redo it if it is done poorly.

• Learn to take care of things.

• Praise for success. Do not leave your child alone with failure; if necessary, explain again what result you expect and how to achieve it.

A six-year-old child does not count well, does not know letters, holds a pen incorrectly and cannot retell.

Tips for parents:

• Determine what knowledge the child lacks. This can be done with the help of a teacher, psychologist, home testing.

• Try to fill in the learning gaps. Organize classes in a playful way, start with 5 minutes, gradually increase the time. Let's do challenging tasks.

• Do not scold the child for failure, do not compare with other children.

A preschooler gets up during class, jumps up, tries to get under the table.

Tips for parents:

How to prepare your child for school

For a successful and easy adaptation to the school routine and workload, the child needs preparation for the first grade.

Parents give their child knowledge about the world around them gradually, by explaining their actions, everyday events and phenomena. A preschooler learns to memorize and communicate information.

As part of preparation for school, it is important to communicate with the child, improve his knowledge by reading encyclopedias by age, observing nature while walking, visiting a zoo or farm, discussing the plots of books and cartoons.

A child will learn basic knowledge of geography from traveling, looking at a globe with parents' comments, and educational programs.

Thinking is trained in games with visual aids (cards, toys) when building logical chains, searching for an extra element, searching for differences in paired pictures.

A preschooler will quickly learn to solve examples if you show him the meaning of addition and subtraction on counting materials: sticks, buttons, sweets, berries. Gradually, the child will move to the account in the mind.

Finger gymnastics, sculpting, dot-drawing will prepare your hand for writing.

Do not try to teach a 6-year-old child to read at all costs. Knowledge of letters and the ability to depict them graphically is quite enough. Move on to syllabic reading gradually, consistently, using high-quality didactic materials. Excessive persistence, forcing events can lead to the fact that the child hates reading.

It is important that the child is ready for school not only intellectually, but also emotionally and psychologically.

Children should be able to communicate with others: teachers, classmates. Socialization is facilitated by playing on the playground, visiting a kindergarten, circles, sections.

Train your six year old with daily activities to train perseverance and attention.

Six years is a turning point in a child's life, difficult, interesting and exciting for both him and his parents.

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