Peanut butter jellyfish

Peanut Butter and Jelly Fish

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Peanut Butter and Jelly Fish

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Peanut Butter and Jellyfish were the best of friends— best of friends who spent their days exploring up, down, around, and through their grand ocean home. Unluckily for them, though, they lived near Crabby. “You guys swim like humans!” he would taunt as they slipped past. Peanut Butter and Jellyfish did their best to ignore the heckler. “Did you hear something?” asked Jellyfish. “No, must be the current,” said Peanut Butter. Crabby was relentless. “You guys smell like rotten barnacles! Pee-yew!” “My grandma called. She wants her run-walk shoes back!” “I’ve seen sea snails swim with more style.” “What a bunch of bubbleheads!” Jellyfish puffed up his chest and said, “Driftwood and sea stones may break our bones, but words will never hurt us. ” “You’re an invertebrate! You don’t even have any bones,” huffed Crabby as he marched along his favorite rock by himself. One day, as Peanut Butter and Jellyfish set out on an excursion to the great reef, they swam past Crabby’s perch. They braced themselves for the usual insults. But all was quiet. Then they heard the faint sound of sobbing up ahead. It was Crabby! He was caught in a lobster trap. And it was being lifted to the surface! “I-I-I’m scared,” he cried. Surely, he was doomed. “Should we help?” asked Jellyfish. The two friends shared a look. “He is in serious trouble,” said Peanut Butter. “You’re right. We have to help!” exclaimed Jellyfish. “But how?” “I have a plan,” said Peanut Butter. “Follow me.” They swam up to the lobster trap. Peanut Butter used his tail to unlock the trap’s gate, but Crabby didn’t budge. “Come on. You’re free!” said Peanut Butter. “But-but . . . I can’t swim,” confessed Crabby. “And I’m afraid of heights.” The lobster trap was getting pulled closer to the surface! “Plan B!” exclaimed Jellyfish. He worked furiously on untying the trap’s knot. “Hurry!” cried Peanut Butter. “I can see the fishermen above!” Just when all hope was lost . . . The knot gave out, sending the trap plummeting! Peanut Butter and Jellyfish grabbed ahold and lowered it to safety. Crabby’s legs wobbled as he returned to his favorite rock. “Th-thanks, you t-two,” he stuttered. “Y-You know, I’m sorry for saying those mean things,” Crabby said. He may have been afraid of heights, but Crabby was brave enough to apologize. “I-I guess I was jealous. You guys seem like you’re always having so much fun explorin’ the open waters.” “Well, there’s plenty to explore close to the ocean floor!” said Jellyfish. Peanut Butter and Jellyfish still swam up, down, around, and through. But it was on the ocean floor that they found their greatest treasure!

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Peanut Butter and Jellyfish | Smithsonian Ocean

Personal Perspectives

by Nancy Knowlton

All over the world, people have been witnessing gigantic blooms of tens of thousands of jellyfish where once there were only a few. Fishers find them clogging their nets and costing them dearly. In Japan, giant jellyfish capable of reaching six feet across even capsized a boat that tried to bring them aboard. Where are these stinging menaces coming from and why are they everywhere?

Jellyfish explosions are often triggered by overfishing of small fish, like sardines and anchovies, which compete with jellyfish for food. Jellyfish are also more tolerant of low oxygen conditions than fishes, and so can survive in polluted “dead zones.” What’s more, once they become super-abundant, they snack on the larvae (babies) of fish, keeping fish numbers down. The result is an ecological flip-flop that is hard to reverse. Not surprisingly there is concern that when a huge jellyfish population moves in—there goes the neighborhood!

So, are jellyfish a dead end in the food chain? Fortunately, not always. Off the coast of southwestern Africa, where jellyfish have replaced sardines, at least one fish benefits. The five-inch long bearded goby spends its day on the seafloor in the oxygen-depleted and toxic mud where most fish, including their predators, cannot survive. While there, they graze on worms and mats of bacteria, but they can’t digest their food because they shut down the water flow over their gills to keep from getting poisoned. At night they come up to the surface for a breath of fresh air and a very jelly meal. The gobies are able to hide among the stinging tentacles of the jellyfish at the surface, which protect them from being eaten by larger fish and in addition provide about 60 percent of the gobies’ diet. This makes these gobies a keystone for the ecosystem; by chomping on jellyfish they create a link in the food chain between jellyfish and the seabirds, mammals and larger fish that eat the gobies.

While predators of the jellyfish are rare, they are not limited to the bearded goby. Over 120 species of fish and over 30 other kinds of animals feed at least occasionally on jellyfish. The heaviest fish, the ocean sunfish, and the largest marine turtle, the critically endangered leatherback, are jellyfish specialists. Mushroom corals have recently been seen feeding on jellies off the Red Sea coast of Eilat, Israel. They suck jellyfish over half their size through their mouths and digest them whole. During coral spawning in Panama, we spotted a crab feasting on a moon jelly.

As overfishing becomes the norm and jellyfish spread like weeds, one solution is to add humans to the list of major jellyfish predators. In fact, jellyfish have been eaten by the Chinese since 300 AD, and 425,000 tonnes (more than 900 million U.S. pounds) are already harvested each year, making their way into products from salads in Houston to ice creams in Japan. Perhaps we aren’t far away from packing peanut butter and jellyfish sandwiches for lunch (as long as you aren’t allergic to peanuts!).

Editors Note: This post was co-written with Amanda Feuerstein, program coordinator in the office of the Sant Chair for Marine Science.  Dr. Nancy Knowlton is the Sant Chair for Marine Science at Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. Their blog series is based on Dr. Knowlton's book Citizens of the Sea, which celebrates “the Wondrous Creatures from the Census of Marine Life.”

November 2010

Tags: Fisheries Jellyfish, Anemones & Relatives Citizens of the Sea

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Eating jellyfish (and salad recipe)

Jerry Hopkins nine0003

Jellyfish moving in an energetic (or threatening) dance, carried by the wind and ocean currents in their natural form seem unfit for food. In addition to their unappealing appearance as food, they have a reputation for animals capable of harming a person, in particular, burning bathers enjoying the sea.
These free-swimming animals appeared 650 million years ago, even before dinosaurs or sharks (and one might notice that in all this time they have not acquired any new properties). Gelatinous body of a jellyfish, at 95% consisting of water, having no heart, brain or bones, held together by connective fibers. The stomach of a jellyfish is directly connected to the mouth, the only opening in its body. The mouth opening serves as a jellyfish for eating food, and for its removal. The mouth of the jellyfish is also used to move, first filling the cavity of the "bell" (or "umbrella") with water, and then pushing her out. Jellyfish food is zooplankton: eggs of some fish species, crustacean larvae, other jellyfish.
In total, about 200 species of jellyfish are known - the size from the tiny, thimble-sized, spherical jellyfish of the Caribbean Sea to the arctic jellyfish "Hairy cyanide" with a "bell" more than two meters in diameter and tentacles half the length of a football field. nine0439 The tentacles that a jellyfish uses to hunt prey (by paralyzing or entangling the victim) are what can cause trouble to a person. Even their name jellyfish owe their resemblance to the character of ancient Greek mythology, Medusa Gorgon, the owner of a head crowned with a nest of writhing snakes. The blue tentacles of a small "Portuguese boat" - a jellyfish with a colorful pink bubble protruding above the surface of the water, helping it to move with the help of wind currents, they left burns on the skin of people, probably for thousands of years. Australian box jellyfish toxin is a more powerful poison, than cobra venom, and can kill within minutes. Statistics show that jellyfish cause more deaths in humans than the great white shark. nine0439 Is it any wonder that many consider jellyfish to be inedible?
However, if you go from a European or American menu to an Asian menu, the presence of jellyfish in it will seem to you the same mundane, like on a sea beach after a storm. They are found on the menus of restaurants from Tokyo to San Francisco to Lima in Peru, typically but not exclusively in Japanese (and less commonly Chinese) restaurants. According to According to industry figures, in 1997 nearly 360 tons of edible jellyfish were sold wholesale and retail in Tokyo. I've even been served jellyfish salad on several Asian airlines. nine0439 If we talk about the tradition of using jellyfish for food, what is really surprising here (leaving aside their peculiar appearance and reputation for a dangerous animal for now) is that that edible jellyfish have no taste. When they are not seasoned with soy sauce and sesame oil, they do not act as one of the ingredients of a salad that includes chicken, fish or vegetables, the question involuntarily arises: how can it be considered food at all? Some people say eating jellyfish is like chewing gum. nine0439 But that's the point! Their texture (crunchy, jelly-like) gives them much of their appeal, as is the case with many other foods whose taste is determined by their tactile perception. Jellyfish also boast defatted protein (related to the albumin found in egg white) and vitamins A and B. Eating jellyfish, as well as a number of other Eastern foods (from snakes to bird's nest soup), is associated with longevity and a general strengthening effect on the body.
These creatures are valued throughout much of the Pacific. In Samoa, they are pickled, and in the Gilbert Islands, an extremely poisonous jellyfish called "sea wasp" is considered a delicacy: its ovaries are dried and fried (they are said to taste like a tripe). nine0439 Jellyfish look unappetizing in their natural form, but the same is true for many other delicious foods. At jellyfish caught in Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines are removed tentacles, and large flat tops are dried. As a result, jellyfish look no more intimidating, than large dried mushrooms. The most popular species, reaching 38-50 cm in diameter, is sold dried and packed in a 450-gram bag. Before cooking jellyfish, it needs to be soaked for about eight hours, changing the water two to three times. The swollen meat is then doused with boiling water, washed under cold water and cut into thin slices. nine0439 "A nasty animal to some, a delicacy to others," said Charles Bloom, director of the Appalachian Regional Planning Board in Bluestown, declaring Florida the first American state to started commercial fishing for jellyfish in 1997. He also noted that the Asian deli market is growing and Florida's fishing industry is in need of new cash crops.
The second US state to fish jellyfish was Georgia in 2003, after the shrimp market plummeted. According to George Marr, director of the Georgia Shrimp Association, catching jellyfish was a step of desperation: "If shrimp prices were kept at a level that could feed us, we would not do this." He added that "previously a jellyfish called 'cannonball' discarded like rubbish of no value." nine0439 The common perception of jellyfish as garbage has made Yao Wen-Huang, a food technology expert and professor at the University of Georgia, the butt of jokes.

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