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biography, photo, Iliad and Odyssey, personal life of the poet » Biography, personal life of celebrities e

Date of death: 760 BC e.

Age: 90 years old

Place of birth: Smyrna, Turkey

Activity: ancient Greek poet

Marital status: the existence of a daughter is known

Wikipedia

Poet of ancient Greece, author of the well-known program works Iliad and Odyssey. There are few reliable facts about this talented storyteller, but some information is still available.

There is no exact definition of the birthplace of the great storyteller, even the date of his birth is confused. Therefore, the surviving historical lists do not allow starting a description of his biography with exact dates. There is approximate evidence that Homer lived in the 8th century BC. Herodotus, for example, claimed that the ancient Greek poet appeared before himself by four hundred years. There are other claims that Homer watched the course of the Trojan War. And for the right to classify the poet for themselves, many cities waged a big dispute, but so far none of them has become his homeland.

But the place of Homer's death coincides. This is the island of Ios in the Cyclades archipelago. To which tribe the poet can be attributed according to his dialect is also impossible with certainty, since his ancient Greek language is a mixture of two dialects. Previously, all singers and soothsayers were portrayed as blind, therefore, according to tradition, they began to attribute blindness to Homer and depict him as such in sculptures and paintings. And one of the heroes in the author's work was blind from birth, so many researchers of Homer's work believed that this fact was autobiographical.

There are some reliable information from the childhood of Homer, who was named by his mother Kryferida Melesigen. He was born a sighted ordinary baby near the Meles River, but, as another legend about the origin of the poet says, he acquired blindness as a result of the Achilles ball he saw. For this, one of the goddesses Thetis gave him the ability to compose and perform songs.

Not only the two most famous ancient works, which were mentioned earlier, belong to the pen of Homer. As an example of Greek poetry, his hymns and the poem "Margit" are considered. In the ancient world and in the science of later times, there are different opinions about the authorship of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Since some researchers saw similar plots and descriptions in other poets of antiquity (they called the poetess Fantasia, Lycurgus from Sparta, ranked Aristophanes and Aristarchus).

Homer performed his own and other people's songs at meetings, in city market squares, in the homes of rich and noble people. The poet was greeted with joy in every city in which he used to travel. He was full and warm, as every citizen considered it his duty to greet the singer. The poet was always ranked as the city of Smyrna, where he lived with his mother and mastered various sciences. All subjects were a pleasure for him to comprehend. When his teacher passed away, the school that belonged to him passed to Homer, that is, Melesigen from birth.

But he was attracted to different countries and cities, and he went on a journey. From this moment begins his biography of the wanderer. So many legends and stories he collected were born. When the traveler reached Ithaca, he felt unwell and remained in it until his full recovery. The ship departed for his homeland, and Melesigen began to wander on foot, singing and reading his works. Over time, the poet became blind, then he took a name for himself, by which he is known to everyone until now.

Many researchers of Homer's work claim that the singer was blind, and during his life all poetry was considered to be oral folk art. Based on this conclusion, the narrator-wanderer could not write down his works. The conclusion suggests itself that the author of famous works, around which there is still controversy, is not Homer at all. Scientists believe that the poems are too complex for this historical period. But do not forget the fact that any work of a foreign author can be translated into any language.

And the one who undertakes this will not be able to literally convey every word said by the author without changing it and adapting it to his own language. Therefore, if other authors took up the Homeric poems and gave them completeness with their mastery of the word, this gives these works a local flavor and artistic features.

It is hard to believe that the facts of Homer's personal life will be much more clearly illuminated than his birth and the authorship of the works he wrote. Homer could not have a real strong family, as he spent a lot of time traveling. In his works, he often describes women. In many cases, they appear to readers and listeners as grumpy, capricious creatures. The poet does not deny their beauty and enjoys it, describing it in his Iliad. It should not be forgotten that all the works of the great Homer are most likely autobiographical.

According to some reports, the existence of a daughter of the great singer is known. Her father married her to his student and friend, the poet Creophilus. The narrator was very fond of his only child, he drew his next poetic image from his daughter. He gave his Nausicaa all the charm and a lot of virtues. It is to this girl that he sincerely wishes good luck and happiness in his personal life.

There are many legends about Homer, but few about his family life. Death is best described according to the version of settling accounts with life by himself, since he was afraid that he would lose his mind before death, and the very fact of killing was not terrible for him. Therefore, according to legend, he committed suicide.

Biographer: Natsh

Homer - biography, poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey", works of the poet and photo

Biography

Homer - ancient Greek poet - storyteller, collector of legends, author of ancient literary works "Iliad" and "Odyssey".

Historians do not have exact data on the date of birth of the narrator. The place of birth of the poet remains a mystery. Historians believe that the most likely period of Homer's life is the 10th-8th centuries BC. One of six cities is considered the place of the possible homeland of the poet: Athens, Rhodes, Chios, Salamis, Smyrna, Argos.

More than a dozen other settlements of Ancient Greece were mentioned by different authors at different times, in connection with the birth of Homer. Most often, the narrator is considered a native of Smyrna. Homer's works are addressed to the ancient history of the world, they do not mention contemporaries, which complicates the dating of the period of the author's life. There is a legend that Homer himself did not know the place of his birth. From the Oracle, the storyteller learned that the island of Ios was the birthplace of his mother.

Historians have doubts about the biographical data about the life of the narrator presented in medieval works. In works about the life of the poet, it is mentioned that Homer is the name that the poet received because of his acquired blindness. In translation, it can mean "blind" or "guided". At birth, his mother named him Melesigen, which means "born by the Meles River." According to one legend, Homer went blind when he saw the sword of Achilles. As a consolation, the goddess Thetis endowed him with the gift of singing.

There is a version that the poet was not a "slave", but a "leader". They called him Homer not after the narrator went blind, but on the contrary, he regained his sight and began to speak wisely. According to most ancient biographers, Melesigen was born to a woman named Cripheis.

The narrator spoke at the banquets of noble people, at city meetings, in the markets. According to historians, Ancient Greece experienced its heyday during the life of Homer. The poet recited separate parts from his works, traveling from city to city. He enjoyed respect, had lodging, food, and was not a dirty wanderer, which biographers sometimes portray him as.

There is a version that the Odyssey, the Iliad and the Homeric Hymns are the work of different authors, and Homer was only a performer. Historians consider the version that the poet belonged to a family of singers. In ancient Greece, handicraft and other professions were often passed down from generation to generation. In this case, any member of the family could perform under the name of Homer. From generation to generation, history and manner of performance were passed down from relative to relative. This fact would also explain the different period of the creation of the poems, and would clarify the issue with the dates of the life of the narrator.

The rise of a poet

One of the most detailed stories of Homer's rise as a poet comes from Herodotus of Halicarnassus, whom Cicero called "the father of history." According to the ancient historian, the poet was named Melesigen at birth. He lived with his mother in Smyrna, where he became a student of the owner of the school, Phemius. Melesigen was very intelligent and well comprehended the sciences.

The teacher died, leaving his best pupil a school. After working as a mentor for some time, Melesigen decided to deepen his knowledge of the world. A man named Mentes, who was originally from the island of Lefkada, volunteered to help him. Melesigen closed the school and went on a sea voyage on a friend's ship to see new cities and countries.

During his travels, the former teacher collected stories, legends, and asked about the customs of local peoples. Arriving in Ithaca, Melesigen felt unwell. Mentes left the satellite under the supervision of a reliable person and sailed home. Melesigenes went on his further journey on foot. On the way, he recited the stories he had collected during his travels.

According to Herodotus of Halicarnassus, the narrator finally went blind in the city of Colophon. There he took a new name. Modern researchers tend to question the story told by Herodotus, as well as the writings of other ancient authors about the life of Homer.

The Homeric question

In 1795, Friedrich August Wolf, in his preface to the publication of the text of the poems of the ancient Greek storyteller, put forward a theory called the "Homeric Question". The main point of the scientist's opinion was that poetry in the time of Homer was an oral art. A blind wandering storyteller could not be the author of a complex work of art.

Homer composed songs, hymns, musical epics, which formed the basis of the Iliad and the Odyssey. According to Wolf, the finished look of the poem was obtained thanks to other authors. Since then, scientists involved in Homer's work have divided into two camps: "analysts" support Wolf's theory, and "Unitarians" are of the opinion that the epic is strictly united.

Blindness

Some researchers of Homer's work say that the poet was sighted. In favor of the narrator's lack of illness is the fact that philosophers and thinkers in Ancient Greece were considered people deprived of ordinary vision, but having the gift of looking into the essence of things. Blindness could be synonymous with wisdom. Homer was considered one of the creators of a comprehensive picture of the world, the author of the genealogy of the gods. His wisdom was obvious to everyone.

Ancient biographers brought out in their works an exact portrait of the blind Homer, but they composed their works many centuries after the death of the poet. Since no reliable data on the life of the poet has been preserved, the interpretation of ancient biographers could not be entirely correct. This version is supported by the fact that all biographies contain fictitious events involving mythical characters.

Works

The surviving ancient evidence gives an idea that in the era of antiquity the writings of Homer were considered a source of wisdom. The poems gave knowledge about all spheres of life - from universal morality to the basics of military art.

Plutarch wrote that the great commander Alexander the Great always kept a copy of the Iliad with him. Greek children were taught to read from the Odyssey, and Pythagorean philosophers prescribed some passages from the works of Homer as a means to correct the soul.

Homer is considered the author of not only the Iliad and the Odyssey. The narrator could be the creator of the comic poem "Margit" and "Homeric Hymns". Among other works attributed to the ancient Greek storyteller, there is a cycle of texts about the return of the heroes of the Trojan War to Greece: Cypria, The Capture of Ilion, Ethiopian, The Little Iliad, Returns. Homer's poems are distinguished by a special language that had no analogue in colloquial speech. The manner of narration made the tales memorable and interesting.

Death

There is a legend that describes the death of Homer. In old age, the blind storyteller went to the island of Ios. While traveling, Homer met two young fishermen who asked him a riddle: "We have what we did not catch, and what we caught, we threw away. " The poet thought about solving the puzzle for a long time, but could not find the right answer. The boys caught lice, not fish. Homer was so annoyed that he couldn't solve the riddle that he slipped and hit his head.

According to another version, the narrator committed suicide, since death was not as terrible for him as the loss of mental acuity.

Interesting facts

• There are about a dozen biographies of the storyteller that have come down to our time from antiquity, but they all contain fairy-tale elements and references to the participation of ancient Greek gods in the events of Homer's life.
• The poet distributed his works outside Ancient Greece with the help of his students. They were called Homerids. They wandered around different cities, performing the works of their teacher in the squares.

• Homer's work was very popular in Ancient Greece. About half of all ancient Greek papyrus scrolls found are excerpts from various works of the poet.

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