Rhyming with them

Your poems, though strong odor,
But the general oblivion is their fate.

Of course, both with onomatopoeia and with the game of rhymes, the poem must be constructed in such a way that the connection in rhymes is interesting, and the meaning can be comical.

Often poets create verses of the so-called enigmatic form : acrostic, mesostich, tautogram and others.

In acrostic , the riddle of the writer is solved by reading the words from the first letters of the poetic lines.

In mesostih the letters that make up the "mysterious" word are lined up in the middle of the poem.

In tautogram (another name is anaphora), all words begin with the same letter:

Lazy years are easy to caress,
I love purple meadows,
I catch left-handed glee,
I catch fragile legends.
Radiant linen lovingly sculpts
Azure caressing forests.
I love crafty lilies babble,
Flying incense petals.
V. Smirensky

Poeters manage to compose verses containing a sequence of words, the initial letters of which make up the alphabet, or verses devoid of any particular letter or several letters.

The listed techniques are poetic tricks. However, there are more complex poetic tricks, where the whole hidden essence of the poem is based on the special construction of the verse and even the whole poem. Such poetic constructions include hidden verses (crypt verses, or piecewise verses) and palindromes.

The crypt verses (from the Greek "crypto" - I hide) are extremely difficult to perform. These are peculiar mysterious poems, which are an interesting form of poetic cryptography. In them, one must immediately embrace the entire given verse and both of its halves with consciousness. Thought spreads both horizontally and vertically, and care must be taken that, on the whole, its insidious parts are completely invisible at first sight, so that the whole poem has its own integral meaning, and each of its parts, both left and right, would have its own meaning.

Let's illustrate this with an example - read a touching declaration of love:

I promised to keep lovingly "yes" forever...
Can I now live alone in the world?
I will never be a heartless coquette.
Loving you, believe me, is fun to drink to the bottom!

An enthusiastic lucky man in ecstasy rushes to share his joy with a loved one, from whom he has no secrets. But this man is more wise in life: he is a skeptic.

In our fast-paced age, idealism is rare. A skeptic takes a love letter, reads it, wants to congratulate his friend, and suddenly ... something catches his eye. Something strange ... "Wait a minute, wait a minute," he says, and, to the horror of his interlocutor, without changing a word in the poem, reads:

Keep loving "yes"
Can I now
I will never
Love you, believe me!
I promised forever
in the world to live alone,
heartless coquette,
fun to drink to the bottom.

The scene is so amazing that we leave it to the amazed reader to depict it.

Another tricky form of versification is palindrome . It is a phrase or verse based not on a vertical reading, but on a horizontal one. They are read the same and with the same meaning on both sides; there are two kinds of them.

The first type of palindrome represents verses that, when read as on the left, and right are pronounced the same. This is the so-called letter palindrome. FROM many people know him:

I am glad, giving,
Darya, I'm glad.
D.I.

Unfortunately, not every such palindrome is endowed with a meaning that does not require comments.

The second type of palindrome is more difficult to create, but also more interesting. It is a poem that is read from the beginning and from the end with the preservation of the same meaning, but not by letters, but by words. The first word of the poem will be its last word, the second - the penultimate, the third - the third from the end, etc. Each word of the poem, therefore, must occur twice in it. If we denote the words of the palindrome with the numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., then the scheme of a palindrome containing, for example, 8 different words, will be as follows:

1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
8 7 6 5
4 3 2 1

Here is a remarkable example of a Latin palindrome presented to Pope Pius I in the 2nd century BC. AD

Laus tua, non tua fraus, virtus, non copia rerum
Scandere te fecit hoc decus eximium.
Eximium decus hoc fecit te scandere rerum
Copia non, virtus, fraus tuf nou, tua laus.

In translation, it means:

"Your feat, not a crime, virtue, not wealth, allows you to rise to this exceptional glory. It is not wealth, but virtue, not a crime, but your feat that allows you to rise to this exceptional glory."

[As you can see, the palindrome fully meets the construction requirements. However, the attentive reader will see in it a possible, albeit hidden, meaning.

Let's try to read its second part, placing punctuation marks in it a little differently:

Eximium decus hoc fecit te scandere rerum
Copia, non virtus, fraus tuf, nou tua laus.

Let's translate the result:

"To this exceptional glory, wealth, and not virtue, your crime, and not your feat, allow you to rise."

What is it? Whether the pope guessed about such a possible metamorphosis of the text, we will probably never know, but it is obvious that the author of this poetic miniature was an inventive person. - Yu.M .]

Through the game of rhymes, you can build any poem. But such verses are also possible, the very essence of which depends on rhymes. These include monorym . In this form, the entire poem is built on one identical rhyme (reeds - breathe - silence - hurry - wilderness, etc.). Beautiful monotonous rhymes, repeated in greater numbers than in the ordinary number habitual for hearing (two or three), can create a truly artistic impression:

Heart rejoicing and tormenting,
Mournfully quiet, melodious
They roar, they roar of monotony. ..
That is not thunderous lightning
Red-flame burning...
Not the fires of the sea are ebullient...
Dawns scarlet, burning...
These are flying sparks
Mournfully quiet, melodious
Single flowers - monotones.
Vl. Lebedev

Poems can be composed in the form of well recognizable objects. Such poems belong to poetry of subject form . It originated in ancient Rome. And the examples of such poems, in their appearance along the framing contour, corresponded to what was described in them: an ax, an ax, wings, an egg, a goblet, a cross, a palm tree, a tower, a trapezoid, a pyramid.

The "secret" of subject poems lies in the exact distribution of poems of various length, determined by the contours of the chosen form. It is desirable that the content poems went in unison with the purpose or properties of the subject. For example, by about the appearance of this book, its author wrote a joke-prospect in the form of a garden vases. This advertising-joking poem, placed in a "vase", mentions some forms of poetry, which are described in the book (burime, "echo", logogriff etc.):

Poets respond to all phenomena of life with verses and poems of any form and length.

So, often in collections of poems you can find a poem with a sharp thought - epigram . In modern poetry, the word "epigram" denotes a mockingly satirical (sometimes - "poisonous") poem addressed to a certain person. The advantage of epigrams is the brevity of the verse and the accuracy of the "prick". We give examples of epigrams.

Tip

You are cold and empty: winter is in your verses.
To give them heat, warm them in the fireplace.
P. Kozlov

Karamzin street

In his "History" elegance, simplicity
They prove to us without any partiality
The Necessity of Autocracy
And the charms of the whip.
A. Pushkin

As opposed to the lightness of the epigram, there is a special form of verse devoted to meditation and maxims. This is dwarf , a poem expressing some thought, mainly in the moral field, and consisting of one or more couplets. Examples:

Don't marry a brightly shining beauty:
The torch irresistibly draws moths to itself.
A. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky

In the world, always say goodbye to a person, because you don't know -
It's not the last time you see him in your life.
N.N.

Poets do not disregard both joyful and sad events. In connection with the death and burial of a person in poetry, there is a special form of poetry - epitaph , i.e. an inscription on a monument. Its content is praise for the deceased, reasoning, moralizing, addressing a passerby, etc. Often epitaphs are written from a person buried under a monument. So, at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg there is an old monument, the poem on which begins with the words:

Passerby, you are coming,
But you lie down like me...

There are also humorous epitaphs. At the Okhtensky cemetery there was a monument erected after cholera in the 30s of the 19th century. The epitaph on it was:

I spoke correctly:
Don't eat berries, Ilya.
You didn't listen to me -
I ate all the berries.
So you died, Ilya!
I spoke correctly...

But let's get back to life.

All poetic forms that we have considered require both time and labor for implementation. But there is one form that is created, or at least should be created almost instantly. This is impromptu .

This name is given to poems written immediately on occasion and very quickly, without preparation. Here is a wonderful impromptu of A. Pushkin, indignant at the fact that he was sent to work to conduct the "case of locusts." Piles of government papers could not have clarified this case better, as Pushkin found out with his inherent genius, writing the following on the cover of the "case":

Locust flew, flew
And sat down.
Sat, sat, ate everything
And flew away again.

Let's complete our short digression into the field of entertaining versification with a humorous form of poetic creativity - parody .

Parody is appreciated and loved by both readers and listeners.

The name of the parody comes from the Greek parados - singing inside out. Most likely, parody developed from satirical farces, which were given for the pleasure of the public in Ancient Hellas after the end of serious tragedies and where their content was often ridiculed.

The essence of parody (not to be confused with an epigram! - see above) is that the parodied serious work more or less retains its form, but the content is changed, which is why the thoughts and images of the main work, when applied to the new content, begin to acquire a comic shade. The main purpose of parody, of course, is mockery, although it is good-natured, but often parodies are of great benefit to the authors of serious works, pointing out to them some shortcomings or monotony of methods that they would not have noticed without parody.

For parody, either a well-known author (at least for a given moment) or a well-known (at a given time) work of his is chosen, and the parody must constantly retain the techniques of the work of the parodied author so that he is immediately recognized by the parody, even if when his name is not given. To be offended by a parody is possible only with sick pride. Usually a talented parody glorifies the person being parodied even more and, in any case, cannot offend or humiliate a genuine talent.

Art parody Anna Akhmatova

I will light my last stub,
Unravel the meaning of dreams
And I will send you a terrible gift -
Letters from all my suitors.
After all, one and now with me
Walks in the morning in pajamas,
And another
left yesterday On the boat along the Kama.
E. Gerken

Parody of Vladimir Mayakovsky

Naughty - for me
Eat a fig! -
Parody will not be released,
I'll write it myself.

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