Sides and shapes

Sides of Equal Length - Definition, Shapes, Examples, Facts

Sides of Equal Length – Introduction

Mathematics is not just about numbers, it also includes the study of different shapes like circles, squares, ovals, cylinders, triangles, rectangles, and many more.

It involves finding the measurement of sides or the accurate angles of the shapes. 

Today, we will discuss shapes that have sides of equal length. We will learn the factors that make them different from each other and their respective names. Let’s get started!

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What Are Sides of Equal Length?

Sides of equal length mean that they measure the same. In simple words, the sides of a shape that have the same length are the sides of equal length.

Sides that are equal in length are also known as congruent sides. These sides could be part of one single shape or different shapes. Let’s see some examples of figures with sides of equal lengths. 

In the rectangle below, the opposite sides are congruent to each other.  

In the two triangles below, the sides are congruent to each other. 

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Sides of Equal Length in One Shape

Triangles 

Based on the length of the sides, triangles can be categorized as scalene, isosceles, and equilateral triangles.

• Scalene triangle:

It is a triangle in which each side is of a different length.

• Isosceles triangle:

It is a triangle in which two sides are of equal length. The angle falling between the equal sides is known as the vertex angle. The angles opposite to the two equal sides of a triangle will always be equal. Similarly, if two angles of a triangle are equal, then their corresponding opposite sides will also be of equal length.

• Equilateral triangle:

It is a triangle in which all three sides are of equal length. Each angle of an equilateral triangle measures 60°. Hence, it is also termed an equiangular triangle.

So, triangles with equal sides could either be isosceles or equilateral.

Quadrilaterals 

Quadrilaterals are polygons with four sides. They can also have all or some of their sides equal. Different categorizations are listed below:

1. All sides equal 

In these quadrilaterals, all four sides are equal. They are also known as regular quadrilaterals. Examples of regular quadrilaterals are a square and a rhombus. 

2. Three equal sides 

In these quadrilaterals, three sides are equal. 

3. One pair of equal sides 

In these quadrilaterals, there is one pair of equal sides. The sides may be either opposite or adjacent to each other.

1. Opposite sides are equal: an example of this is an isosceles trapezium

2. Adjacent sides are equal: an example of this is an irregular quadrilateral with two adjacent sides equal. 

4. Two pairs of equal sides 
5. Equal sides are opposite: Examples are a rectangle and a parallelogram.  

2. Equal sides are adjacent: An example is a kite.

Polygons 

Polygons are two-dimensional closed figures consisting of only straight sides. Polygons can have any number of sides. This means triangles and quadrilaterals are also polygons. Polygons can also have all or some of their sides equal. 

1. Regular Polygons: 

Polygons with all sides and all interior angles equal are known as regular polygons. All their angles are also equal. Note that instead of having all equal sides, a rhombus is not a regular polygon because all its interior angles are not equal.

2. Irregular Polygons: 

Polygons with all sides not equal are known as regular polygons. They may have some sides of equal length but not all. So, even if rectangles and parallelograms have opposite sides equal, they are irregular polygons.

Sides of Equal Length in Different Shapes

When comparing different shapes, if a side of one shape is equal to the side of another, the sides are said to be congruent.

If all the sides of one shape are equal to all the sides in the other shape and the angles are also the same, the two shapes are said to be congruent.

For example, two triangles are said to be congruent if all their corresponding sides and angles are equal. 

Criteria for Congruence in Triangles

We need not measure all the sides and angles of two triangles to check if they are congruent or not. If they follow any one of the given criteria, then they are congruent. 

1. SSS criteria (side-side-side)

Two triangles $\Delta\text{ABC}$ and $\Delta\text{PQR}$ are said to be congruent by SSS criteria if their corresponding sides are equal. 

• AB $=$ PQ
• BC $=$ QR
• AC $=$ PR

2. SAS criteria (side-angle-side)

Two triangles $\Delta{ABC}$ and $\Delta{PQR}$ are said to be congruent by SAS criteria if two of their corresponding sides and the angle between them are equal. 

• AB $=$ PQ
• ∠A $=$ ∠P
• AC $=$ PR

3. AAS criteria (angle-angle-side)

Two triangles $\Delta\text{ABC}$ and $\Delta\text{PQR}$ are said to be congruent by AAS criteria if any two of their corresponding angles and any one side are equal.  

• ∠A $=$ ∠P
• ∠C $=$ ∠R
• AC $=$ PR

4. RHS criteria (right-hypotenuse-side)

Two right triangles $\Delta\text{ABC}$ and $\Delta\text{XYZ}$ are said to be congruent by RHS criteria if their corresponding hypotenuse and one pair of corresponding sides are equal. 

• ∠B $=$ ∠Y (right angle)
• AC $=$ XZ (hypotenuse)
• AB $=$ XY (side)

Conclusion

In some shapes, all sides are equal, while in others, none of the sides is equal. Also, there are shapes that have only some equal sides. We can compare the sides and angles of different shapes to find congruent sides and congruent shapes. 

Solved Examples 

1. Name three shapes that have all sides of equal length.

Solution: Three shapes that have all sides of equal length are a rhombus, a square, and an equilateral triangle.

2. Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon if one of its sides equals 9 inches.  

Solution: A regular hexagon has 6 sides of equal length.

Since the side equals 9 inches, the perimeter will be: 

$6 \times 9 = 54$ inches. 

3. If two sides of a triangle are equal, what kind of triangle is it? 

Solution: It is an isosceles triangle. An isosceles triangle has two equal sides.  

4. If one side of a parallelogram is 10 inches and the other side is 6 inches, what is the total perimeter? 

Solution: In a parallelogram, the opposite sides are equal to each other.

If one side is 10 inches and the other side is 6 inches, the total perimeter will be:

$10 + 10 + 6 + 6 = 32$ inches.

Practice Problems

1

In $\Delta\text{ABC}$, ∠A $=$ 50°, ∠ B $=$ 80°, and ∠ C $=$ 50°. Identify the equal sides.

AC $=$ BC

AB $=$ AC

AB $=$ BC

No sides are equal

Correct answer is: AB $=$ BC
It is given that, ∠A $=$∠B $=$ 50°. This means that the sides opposite to these angles are also equal. That is, AB $=$ BC.

2

$\Delta\text{ABC}$ has sides of 6 inches, 8 inches, and 10 inches. $\Delta\text{DEF}$ is congruent to $\Delta\text{ABC}$. What kind of triangle is $\Delta\text{DEF}$?

Scalene

Equilateral

Isosceles

Cannot be determined

Correct answer is: Scalene
If $\Delta\text{DEF}$ is congruent to $\Delta\text{ABC}$, the sides of $\Delta\text{DEF}$ are also 6 inches, 8 inches, and 10 inches. Since all three sides of $\Delta\text{DEF}$ are of different lengths, it is a scalene triangle.

3

Which of the following quadrilaterals are regular polygons?

Rectangle

Square

Kite

Rhombus

Correct answer is: Square
A regular polygon has all sides equal and all angles equal. A square is the only quadrilateral with equal sides and equal angles.

4

Identify the shape that does not have all equal sides.

Equilateral triangle

Rhombus

Rectangle

Regular Pentagon

Correct answer is: Rectangle
In a rectangle, the adjacent sides are of different lengths, and the opposite sides are equal.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it possible to have congruent shapes with corresponding sides of different lengths?

No, congruent shapes must have sides of equal length.

Is it possible to have an irregular polygon with sides of equal lengths?

Yes, if the sides are equal but the angles are different, or only two or some of the sides are equal, it will be an irregular polygon. For example, a rhombus has equal sides but different angles.

Since all the angles of an equilateral triangle measure 60°, can we say that all equilateral triangles are congruent to each other?

No, for triangles to be congruent, all its sides and angles must be equal.

What is Side? Definition Facts & Examples

Side in Math

Imagine if we did not have any lines to connect points. There would be no shapes! Lines and points make up all the flat shapes we see, like squares, rectangles, and triangles.

When we talk about a side, we use it to describe the different faces of an object, like the side of a coin or the side of a page.

We also use “side” as a way to describe where something is located with respect to another thing.

For example, “the store is on the left side of the street”. However, side in math, has a different meaning. 

Side in math means the line that forms a part of a flat shape. Let’s understand this better in terms of geometry. 

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Side Definition in Math? 

Side in math is an aspect of a geometrical shape. The shapes that we see are made up of lines (line segments) and points (vertices). These line segments join each other at vertices to form a shape. These line segments are called sides. 

The definition of a side in geometry is the line segment that joins two vertices in a shape or two-dimensional figure.  

In other words, a side in math is the line that connects two points of a shape. The shape here means a two-dimensional (flat) shape like a rectangle, a square, or a triangle. 

Here, for instance, the rectangle has four sides.

Sides in 2-D Shapes

A polygon is a closed shape that is made up of three or more line segments. These shapes are usually named according to how many sides they have. For example, a triangle has 3 sides, a quadrilateral has 4 sides, and a pentagon has 5 sides. 

If all the sides of a polygon are equal, it is called a regular polygon.

For example, an equilateral triangle has three equal sides, a square has four equal sides, and a regular hexagon has six equal sides. These shapes are some examples of regular polygons. 

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Let’s Sing!

All two-dimensional shapes have a side.

Some have three and some have five.

You can name them all by their sides! 

Let’s Do It!

Show your child pictures of different two-dimensional shapes. Ask them to count the number of sides they have and tell them their names. You can further explain how these shapes have been named based on the number of sides they have.  

Solved Examples 

Example 1: How many sides does a triangle have? 

Solution: A triangle has three sides. 

Example 2: If a polygon has 5 sides, what is it called? 

Solution. A polygon with 5 sides is called a pentagon. 

Example 3: Is a square a polygon? 

Solution: Yes, a square is a polygon because it is a closed shape with 4 sides. A polygon is a closed shape with three or more sides. 

Example 4: Is a rectangle a quadrilateral?

Solution: Yes, a rectangle is a quadrilateral because it is a closed shape with four sides. A closed shape with four sides is a polygon known as a quadrilateral.

Practice Problems

1

A closed shape has 5 line segments connected at its vertices.

A square

A rectangle

A pentagon

A quadrilateral

Correct answer is: A pentagon
5 lines connected at its vertices means that the shape has 5 sides. A closed shape with 5 sides is called a pentagon.

2

A polygon has four sides. Which of the following shapes is it?

A triangle

A pentagon

A rectangle

A hexagon

Correct answer is: A rectangle
It is a rectangle because a rectangle is a quadrilateral. A polygon with four sides is called a quadrilateral, which can be a square, a rectangle, or another closed shape with four sides.

3

If a closed shape has three or more sides, what is it called?

A triangle

A three-dimensional figure

A square

A polygon

Correct answer is: A polygon
A polygon is a closed shape that has three or more sides.

4

Two-dimensional shapes are made up of line segments joined at points.

Vertices

Edges

Sides

Polygons

Correct answer is: Sides
Sides are the line segments that join at vertices to make up two-dimensional shapes.

5

A polygon has three line segments that join each other at three points. What is it called?

A triangle

A polygon

A pentagon

A quadrilateral

Correct answer is: A triangle
A triangle is a polygon with three sides.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can an open shape have sides?

Yes, the line segments of an open shape are also called sides. Both open and closed shapes have sides.

What are the sides of a three-dimensional figure called?

The sides of a three-dimensional figure are called edges in geometry.

Does a circle have sides?

A circle does not have sides because it has no line segments or points. A side is a line segment that connects to another line segment at a certain point.

Edge

conditions, insurance, parties and forms of agreement

Many clients, when concluding a bank deposit agreement, do not read its conditions very carefully, and therefore do not always take into account some of the nuances of the agreement. In order to avoid disputes, we will tell you what this contract is and what you need to pay attention to.

More about the contract

What does the law say?

Conditions

What are the types

Contract form

Procedure for conclusion

The concept and content of the contract

Parties of the bank deposit agreement

Judicial practice

Treats of contracts

Sample of the filling and form of the bank deposit contract

termination and termination of the contract

more about the contract

of the bank deposit agreement this is an agreement concluded between two parties, in which one party, in the form of a depositor, entrusts its funds for storage, and the second party, represented by the bank, undertakes to return this money within the prescribed period, taking into account the interest accrued for the use of funds in the prescribed amount.

That is, it is a document that protects the rights of the depositor and prescribes the obligations of the financial institution. A properly drawn up contract can help the company avoid the risks of losing the expected income and protect the client from ruin. As a result, both parties win.

So, the subject of the agreement is the money that the depositor is ready to deposit into the bank account. The form of the agreement is exclusively written, in which the terms of the deposit agreement and the procedure for paying the principal amount and interest are stipulated without fail.

What does the law say?

The procedure for concluding a bank deposit agreement and its subsequent application is regulated by the legal framework of the Civil Code. Article 834 par. 1 gives the above definition of a contract and establishes the rights and obligations of the parties. According to Article 426 of the same law, an agreement signed with a depositor, if he is an individual, is officially recognized as public. Therefore, its conditions will be identical for all investors. That is, it is not prescribed for everyone individually, establishing uniform rules.

According to article 836 par. 44, general requirements for the form of the contract are established, which, of course, do not prohibit making their own changes and features.

For all financial institutions, the contract will be standard, but not identical.

Conditions

The bank deposit agreement obligatory prescribes the conditions for both the client and the bank. They are represented by the requirements and rights of the parties.

Thus, the bank's obligations include the following conditions:

• accept from the client the deposit amount offered by him;
• within the term established by the agreement to return the previously received amount;
• to carefully keep the secret of the deposit, not to disclose to outsiders the identity of the depositor and the amount of the deposit;
• pay in full the interest due to the depositor after the end of the contract.

The bank's rights include the following:

• use the funds deposited in the deposit account at its own discretion;
• deprive the depositor of the interest due to him for failure to fulfill the obligations prescribed by the contract.

In turn, the depositor has the following rights:

• he has the right to claim his money in full at any chosen time;
• may demand payment of interest for deposit operation in full;

But in addition to rights, he also acquires obligations:

• not to interfere with the activities of the bank;
• do not withdraw the invested money ahead of time.

On this, perhaps, the main conditions of the agreement between the bank and the depositor are built.

What are the types

In the practice of banks, there are only 2 main types of bank deposits:

1. On demand - when, under the terms of the agreement, the depositor himself has the right to decide when to withdraw his money and the interest due to him;
2. Urgent - when a contract is concluded for a certain period and the client undertakes not to withdraw his money before its expiration.

Agreement form

As we have already determined, the form of the agreement is established by law. It can only be in writing. But due to its peculiarities, it can be both written on paper and drawn up using an electronic contract, which can then be printed on paper and serves as proof of the transaction.

A written form can also have several subspecies:

• in the form of a savings book - monthly interest records must be entered there, this is done by a bank teller. Consequently, the client is forced to constantly contact the bank branch;
• in the form of certificate , which can then be used to receive payment. It can be both nominal and numbered, bearer;

• expressed by the usual usual multi-page agreement , but fully compliant with the requirements of the Civil Code on compliance with the rules for drafting deposit agreements.
  

The electronic form of the agreement involves the preparation and issuance of an electronic document to the client containing an agreement on the implementation of a bank deposit operation, signed with an electronic signature, which is subsequently stored in the bank's database.

He is full-fledged and fully protects the rights of the depositor before the bank.

Concluding procedure

When concluding a contract, the client needs to pay attention to several points. First, the contract is concluded exclusively in writing. Moreover, there must be two signed copies. It is very important for the client to review both copies to make sure that the signed agreements are identical. After signing the agreement, one copy remains in the bank, the second - with the client.

Secondly, the contracts must be signed by the bank employee with whom the package of documents is drawn up. Thirdly, at the end of the document should be the date of the conclusion of the contract and its number.

The concept and content of the agreement

The bank deposit agreement is nothing more than an agreement between two parties who assume certain obligations and receive benefits after the expiration of the agreement. In the case of the client, he receives a benefit in the form of earned interest for the use of his funds. And the bank gets the opportunity to directly use the money received for storage in its own turnover. That is, he can issue a loan and make a profit, which will then be divided between him and the depositor.

The agreement describes in great detail the rights and obligations of the bank, the depositor, the conditions on which the deposit transaction is executed, the terms, the amount of interest and much more.

Parties to the bank deposit agreement

Most often only two parties to the agreement are :

1. Directly by a bank or other financial organization that accepts a deposit for its careful storage.
2. Depositor - transferring his own savings to the bank. But the investor can be represented as an individual acting on his own behalf or on behalf of the principal, and a legal entity representing the interests of the company.

Judicial practice

In the case of a clearly drawn up agreement, and the fulfillment of their obligations by both parties, each of the participants in the deposit transaction will benefit. But there are some nuances when one of the parties violates its obligations, the other party has to go to court.

As a rule, the court almost always takes the side of the victims. The plaintiff can be both a bank and a depositor. The most common reasons for going to court are:

• refusal to pay interest by the bank;
• bankruptcy of a bank and, as a result, the inability to pay both the principal amount of the deposit and interest;
• the client's request to return the money ahead of time, along with interest, and much more.

What you need to pay attention to is the correct filling of documents: full name, passport data and more. If the data is filled in incorrectly, the bank may refuse to issue a deposit in the future.

Another important nuance - a citizen is obliged to notify the financial institution of all changes in his personal information - change of surname, registration and other.

This will protect the client from further problems.

Terms of agreements

As a rule, the terms of a bank deposit agreement are negotiated at the time of its conclusion. Most often they range from 3 to 36 months. It depends on many factors: on the overall financial stability of the client, the bank, the state and, of course, the deposit program chosen by the depositor. Let's not forget about the risks and the interest rate, and the amount of the deposit operation.

So, during the peak crisis situation in the country, the majority of depositors chose a term of up to six months or even less, there are contracts for one month in order to avoid increased risks of losing their own money. And in more stable times, a significant number of depositors trusted their money to banks for a period of 24 to 36 months.

The contract must specify the chosen term of the deposit, after which the depositor undertakes to withdraw his money, and the bank to pay them. But there are exceptions when the depositor does not come on time for his money and the bank prolongs the contract for the same period or transfers savings to a demand account.

Sample filling and bank deposit agreement form

Since each bank independently decides how the final bank deposit agreement will look like, you should also look for a sample on the website of the financial institution where the transaction will be concluded. But for a general understanding, let's give an example of a sample form for banking customer service for deposit transactions.

Termination and termination of the agreement

The deposit service agreement can be terminated for two reasons: expiration of the agreement and early termination. Upon termination of the contract in accordance with the established deadlines, the client has the right to simply come to the bank with the documents he has on hand and collect his deposit with the interest due to him.

In case of early termination, the bank reserves the right to change the interest rate and return to the client only the main part of the deposit and a meager percentage, as with deposits "on demand". If the contract is terminated ahead of schedule, then the client must write an application addressed to the manager, wait for a positive decision, on average this procedure takes from 3 to 5 banking days, and after a positive decision is received at the bank branch, he can withdraw his money.

Employment contract: sample, types, content

Does an employer need an employment contract? Yes, if the management wants to protect the company from disagreements with the staff. In turn, the agreement will help the employee to defend his rights if the employer starts to reduce or delay wages, cut social guarantees or cancel vacation. Let’s figure out what an employment contract should look like in 2023 and what points you can’t do without when drawing up a document.

An employment contract is required in order to hire an employee in accordance with all the rules. The document specifies the work schedule, salary, obligations of the parties and other features of the working relationship.

Both the employer and the employee need the document, as it legally confirms the employment relationship and helps to defend their rights in the event of disputes, including litigation.

After the conclusion of the employment contract, the employer issues an order for employment, enters information about the main employment in the work book and informs the Pension Fund about admission in the form of SZV-TD. What is SZV-TD and how to fill it out.

If an employee gets a job for the first time, the employer creates an electronic work book for him. How to issue and maintain an electronic labor.

An employment contract may be fixed-term or indefinite. The first can be signed in situations strictly defined by law, the second better protects the interests and rights of employees.

• An indefinite employment contract is any TD without an expiration date. It is concluded with permanent employees in most cases.
• A fixed-term employment contract is a TD for a certain period, but not more than 5 years. It is possible to conclude such an agreement in some situations according to the norms of Art. 59TK RF. What you need to know about fixed-term employment contracts in order not to get into a mess.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes requirements for the form and content of an employment contract. It must be concluded in writing in 2 copies (one for each of the parties). This is a requirement of Art. 67 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

There is an exception. For remote employees, you don’t need to make a paper contract, sign everything electronically. And only if the employee asks, send a paper TD within 3 working days from the moment of the request. Read about the changes in the Labor Code for remote workers in our material.

Many people still think that if you do not sign an employment contract with an employee, then you can part with the latter in 1 day and it is not necessary to pay vacation pay. But this has not been the case for a long time. If the contract was not signed, but the employee started work with the knowledge or on behalf of the employer (or his legal representative), the employment contract is considered concluded. Then the employer is obliged to draw up a written document within 3 working days from the moment the specialist is admitted to work. The date of conclusion of the employment contract in this case will be the date of the actual admission of the employee to work. The Supreme Court has pointed this out more than once.

Even if an employee is allowed to perform duties by an unauthorized employee, the employer must still pay for the hours actually worked. This follows from Art. 67.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

All the mandatory terms of the employment contract are spelled out in art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Conventionally, it can be divided into three parts. The first one indicates the date and place of signing, information about the employee and employer. Mandatory conditions are listed in the main part, details of the parties - in the conclusion.

The parties to an employment contract are always the employee and the employer. The information about the employee includes the full name, registration address, passport or temporary ID details.

The information about the employer indicates the full name of the organization or the full name of the entrepreneur. In some cases, the TIN and information about the document on the basis of which the representative acts are prescribed. As a rule, the contract is concluded by the director of the organization, and his powers are confirmed by the Charter.

If the employer is an individual entrepreneur, then in the information about the employer they write: “Individual entrepreneur full name”. Entrepreneurs often evade concluding employment contracts, but make mistakes, according to which the labor inspector and the tax office calculate informal workers. When is it better for an individual entrepreneur to conclude an employment contract with employees.

Payroll and reporting for individual entrepreneurs

In labor law, the place of work is the address of a particular organization or its division. The address may not be written in full. It is enough to indicate the exact name of the company-employer and the locality.

If an employee gets a job in a branch that is geographically located in another area, the name and location of the branch are filled in this paragraph.

The place of work is useful in an employment contract for remote employees. Then, if the employee moves to another locality, the employer has the right to terminate the employment contract. This right is granted by Part 2 of Art. 312.8 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. A remote employee drinks alcohol during the working day, how to fire him?

Organize remote work of employees

The law establishes the rights and obligations of the employee and the employer in art. 21 and 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. According to these lists, data is entered into the relevant sections of the labor agreement. The rights and obligations of the employee are prescribed separately, and the employer separately.

The employment contract must clearly state the terms of the employee's remuneration. The amount of the salary (or tariff rate), the amount of additional payments and allowances must be indicated.

It is allowed to prescribe the amounts of bonuses, allowances and additional payments in the organization's local regulatory act (LNA), and insert a link to it in the employment contract. But the reference to the LNA must be made carefully, otherwise it will become part of the employment contract and it will be possible to change it only with the consent of the employee in the manner established by Part 2 of Art. 74 Labor Code of the Russian Federation. What to write in the TD to change the provision on bonuses at any time.

Also in the employment contract, you must specify the frequency and terms of payment of wages, vacation pay and the method of transferring remuneration.

Calculation of payments to the employee on the machine

The employment contract indicates the exact date from which the person is obliged to start work. According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, if the date of commencement of work is not specified in the employment contract, the employee must leave the next day after the entry into force of the document (part 3 of article 61 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). This is usually the day the contract is signed.

By law, an employee is assigned a 40-hour workweek. Certain categories of personnel are required to establish a reduced working day. Thus, teenagers under 16 cannot work more than 24 hours a week, and disabled people of the 1st or 2nd group - more than 35 hours.

Important! Set reduced working hours for a disabled person, even if he did not ask for it (paragraph 11 of the Review of Judicial Practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 1, approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on 06/10/2020).

The procedure for granting vacations (annual paid and additional, without pay) is prescribed separately.

It is necessary to indicate the number of working and weekend days, the start and end time of work, the duration of breaks. It is possible to take into account the work time of employees automatically in the VLSI system according to the electronic checkpoint, activity at the computer, and even cash register data. How much does the equipment for controlling arrivals, departures and lateness cost, see the video.

Control of working time

If the specialist has a special nature of employment (for example, traveling work), this should also be specified in the contract.

How to control the work of mobile employees using GPS tags.

If the enterprise has harmful or dangerous working conditions, it is required to prescribe the guarantees and compensations due to the employee. For example, the right to additional annual paid leave lasting 7 calendar days. Additionally, the characteristics of such conditions are indicated.

You can take into account additional holidays in the Excel table, or you can automatically in the VLSI system. The system will collect the wishes of employees, take into account beneficiaries and send the vacation schedule to the manager for approval.

HR electronic document management

The contract is considered to be open-ended if it does not specify the deadline for its completion. If the document is concluded for a certain time, it is called urgent. To conclude it, special grounds are needed, which must be spelled out in the contract.

A fixed-term employment contract cannot be concluded just because the employer wants to take a closer look at the employee, and if he does not suit him, dismiss him without any problems. There must be a basis corresponding to Art. 59 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. What you need to know about a fixed-term employment contract so as not to get into trouble.

Under the law, an employer is required to conduct a special assessment of working conditions, that is, to assess the degree of impact of working environment factors on the health of its employees. According to the results of the SOUT, the organization is assigned a class and a subclass of hazard. This information must be specified in the employment contract. If the assessment has not yet been carried out, you can make an entry in the contract: "Working conditions at the workplace have not been determined until a special assessment of the working conditions of the newly organized workplace."

The employee must be informed that he is subject to compulsory social insurance in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws. For the absence of this clause in the TD, the employer may be fined under Part 4 of Art. 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

If an employee or employer fails to perform their duties properly, they may be subject to liability. Usually, disciplinary, administrative or material liability is assigned, less often - criminal and civil law.

How to hold employees accountable.

An employment contract with an employee can be terminated for the reasons listed in Chapter 13 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. It is not necessary to reflect all the reasons. You can specify a general wording - for example, "an employment contract can only be terminated on the grounds provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws."

Art. 72 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the terms of an employment contract can only be changed by agreement of the parties. If organizational or technological working conditions change in the company, the employer must make adjustments to the contract in accordance with Art. 74 Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Not later than 2 months before the changes come into force, the employee must be notified in writing.

In practice, the question often arises about the procedure for calculating the 2-month notice period for changing the conditions of the TD. The answer is given in Art. 14 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation: the period associated with the termination of labor rights and obligations begins on the next day after the date of termination of the employment relationship.

For example, if the employer warned the employee about changing the employment contract on May 21, then the calculation of the 2-month period starts from the next day - from May 22.

The employer is obliged to notify the Pension Fund in the form of a SZV-TD report on termination of the employment contract. The report must be sent no later than the next business day after the issuance of the dismissal order. How to pass SZV-TD without errors.

The last section of the agreement provides general information on the procedure for resolving possible labor disputes, and indicates the number of copies of the document. Here you can also specify which local acts the employee is familiar with before signing the contract. Why it is better not to indicate local acts in the text of an employment contract.

At the end of the employment contract, the full details of the parties are filled in, signatures and seals are affixed. On the employer's copy, a record is made in a separate line that the employee received his copy. The fact of transfer of the document is confirmed by the personal signature of the employee and the date. For example, "I received a copy of the employment contract: Ivanov on 01/25/2022".

There is no unified form of employment contract. For certain categories of workers, there are their own standard forms:

• For heads of state institutions - a form in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 12.04.2013 No. 329.
• form in the Order of the Ministry of Labor No. 23n dated 01/20/2015.

It is not necessary for micro-enterprise employers to conclude an employment contract. You can use the standard form (according to Government Decree No. 858 of August 27, 2016) or approve all conditions in local acts.

The list of documents for concluding an employment contract is established in Art. 65 Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The employee must bring to the employer:

• Passport or other identification document.
• Employment record and/or information about employment.
• SNILS.
• Education documents.
• Military ID, registered officer's passport - for persons liable for military service or those who are subject to conscription.
• Other documents as required.

In order not to make a mistake in the list of documents, automate the process of hiring an employee in VLIS. The system will fill in his data based on passport scans, check whether the documents are valid, whether the candidate is deprived of the right to hold managerial positions, and whether there are other claims against him from government agencies.

Easy recruitment

All the conditions that must be specified in the employment contract are listed in Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. If any information is entered incorrectly, this does not mean that the agreement will become invalid, but may cause labor disputes. The most common mistakes in an employment contract include:

• The document was signed by an unauthorized person.
• Salary not specified.
• The term of the contract and the date of commencement of work are not specified.
• The place of work is not specified or, on the contrary, the address is too detailed.
• The employee's job title is incorrect.
• The reason for entering into a fixed-term employment agreement was not specified.
• No information about work and rest schedule.
• Working conditions not described.
• There is no signature of the employee on receipt of his copy of the agreement.

Art. 9 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prohibits the inclusion in the contract of conditions that worsen the guarantees of employees in comparison with those established by law. For example, if an employee is entitled to an annual paid leave of 28 calendar days, the agreement cannot specify a shorter rest period. Also, you can’t cheat with wages and set the amount of payments less than the minimum wage.

Even if the employer includes such terms in the agreement, they will not have legal force. And from the violator, the labor inspector during the inspection can collect a fine under Art. 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

The employment contract refers to personnel documents. The period of their storage depends on the end date of the paperwork.

• Documents completed before 01/01/2003 are kept for 75 years.
• Documents completed after 01/01/2003 are stored for 50 years.

When signing an employment contract, it can include a probationary condition, except for certain categories of personnel (Article 70 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If there is no such clause in the agreement, then the employee was hired without a probationary period, even if the probationary period is mentioned in the Employment Order. See the letter of Rostrud No. PG / 07358-6-1 of 04/05/21.

The duration of the probationary period cannot exceed 3 months for ordinary employees and 6 months for managers, chief accountants and their deputies. If the contract is concluded for a period of 2 to 6 months, the trial period cannot last more than 2 weeks.

Some employers, instead of including a condition on a trial period, enter into a fixed-term contract and promise the employee to renew the contract for an indefinite period after passing the test. But according to Art. 58 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is forbidden to conclude fixed-term employment contracts in order to evade the provision of rights and guarantees laid down under an open-ended contract. What other mistakes do employers make when concluding fixed-term employment contracts.

The list of general grounds for terminating an employment contract is given in Art. 77 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The most frequent of them:

• At the employee's own request (initiative) - art. 80.
• By agreement between the employee and the employer - art. 78.
• At the end of the term of the fixed-term agreement - art. 79.
• At the initiative of the employer - art. 71, 81.
• In connection with the transfer - art. 72.1.
• Due to circumstances beyond the control of the parties - art. 83.
• Due to changes in working conditions - art. 74, 75.

It happens that labor disputes arise between an employee and an employer. They are collective and individual. In the course of resolving collective disputes, conciliation procedures are carried out, including consideration of the issue by a special commission, with the participation of an involved mediator. You can refuse the intermediary and immediately transfer the consideration to the court.

Individual disputes are dealt with by a labor dispute committee or in court. On the basis of paragraph 2 of the Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated March 17, 2004 No. 2 "On the application by the courts of the Russian Federation of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation", the employee can choose where to resolve the labor dispute - in the CCC or in court. Based on the provisions of Part 2 of Art. 385 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, before contacting the CCC, the employee must independently try to resolve disagreements with the employer. If the issue cannot be resolved, you will have to contact the commission.

You can do it right away - there is no direct ban on applying to the CCC, bypassing the stage of negotiations with the employer, in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Exclusively in the courts, individual disputes on the following issues are resolved:

• About reinstatement.
• About transfers to another job.
• About compensation for non-pecuniary damage.
• About changing the wording of the dismissal.
• About refusal to apply for a job.

An employee has the right to go to court within 3 months from the date when he learned about the violation of his rights (or should have known). Disputes on dismissal issues are considered within 1 month from the date of issue of the work book or delivery of a copy of the order to terminate the employment contract to the individual. According to the general procedure, the defendant-individual files a lawsuit with the court at the address of residence, the defendant-organization - at the address of the enterprise. Claims for the restoration of labor rights can be filed at the address of the employer.

Why the courts reinstate the dismissed. The main mistakes of employers.

The conclusion of an employment contract is not the only way to formalize a working relationship. There are other legal options as well.

An employment contract is concluded between an employer and an employee, a GPC agreement is between a customer and a contractor. This method is suitable when you need to issue a one-time job or service. Depending on the nature of the task, it is possible to sign a contract with the contractor, paid services, copyright, performance of work, etc.

GPA is an agreement under which the contractor receives remuneration for the agreed result of work. Since the specialist is not registered with the state, he is not entitled to labor guarantees and compensations (sick leave, benefits, vacation pay, daily allowance, etc.).

How does an employment contract differ from a civil law contract and how is it more profitable to register an employee.

The concept of "contract" disappeared from the Labor Code in 2002. Such an agreement is concluded with employees who enter the state civil service. It fixes the conditions for the service, outlines the rights and obligations of the parties. At the legislative level, the procedure for concluding a contract is regulated in Chapter 5 of Law No. 79-FZ of July 27, 2004 "On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation".

A patent is a document that gives the right to temporary work to foreigners who arrived in Russia in a manner that does not require a visa (Article 2 of Law 115-FZ of July 25, 2002). A patent is issued for a period from 1 month to a year. When a foreigner concludes an employment contract with a Russian employer, a patent is provided among the mandatory documents. A foreigner can be employed only for those types of work that are indicated in the patent.

In 2021-2022, there were many changes in labor legislation. Some of them must be taken into account when drawing up an employment contract template. First of all, the innovations are related to remote employment and the transition to KEDO. What has changed in the work of remote workers.

The new remote work procedure is effective from January 1, 2021. Changes were made by Law No. 407-FZ dated December 08, 2020. In addition to permanent remote employment, 2 types of remote work have been introduced: continuous for up to 6 months and periodic, when employment in the office alternates with remote work. An employment contract with a distance worker must contain the following mandatory conditions:

• Place of work.
• Period of remote employment.
• Type of remote work.
• The procedure and deadlines for the employee to submit reports on the work performed.
• The procedure for the exchange of electronic documents (if necessary).
• Hours of work and rest - if it is not specified in the employment contract or other local act, the employee has the right to independently set the working hours.
• Work organization procedure - you need to specify what equipment the remote employee works on (your own or the employer's). In the first case, the procedure and terms for transferring compensation from the employer to the specialist are prescribed. In the second - the procedure and terms for providing equipment. This condition can be written not in an employment contract, but in a local act or in a collective agreement.
• The procedure for making an entry about the experience in the work book - indicate whether the entry is made.

How to transfer employees to remote work.

Russia allowed personnel electronic document management. Any employer can absolutely legally keep in electronic form and not duplicate on paper employment contracts, orders, local acts and instructions.

This will require: employees' electronic signatures, the employer's information system VLSI and local acts.

How to switch to KEDO