Sight word very
Learn the Sight Word: very Game - ELA Games
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To become a swift reader, one needs to develop the skill of decoding sight words instantly. To practice spotting the sight word very, Minecart is the first step. Get your little one to play this learning game to get a firm grasp of the word.
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RELATED TOPICS5 Tips for teaching sight words
Sight words are the English words you most frequently encounter when reading. They're called sight words because if you learn to recognize them by sight, instead of having to sound them out, it makes reading easier.
This is why they are so important to teach.
When a student learns to recognize sight words automatically, it can increase his or her reading fluency and comprehension. They are useful for young children to know, but also a good idea for struggling readers.
English as an additional, second, or foreign language learners, especially those who are just getting started with reading and writing, will also benefit from studying sight words.
Sometimes you'll find sight words referred to as high-frequency words. That's because they are the most common English words used in writing. Mastering them frees up attention for processing harder and lower frequency words.
More about sight words
Most children are introduced to sight words in first or second grade when they begin learning how to read. More than 75% of the average children's book is made up of sight words. A child who is a strong reader from an early age may find he or she acquires sight words effortlessly through repeat exposure from extensive reading.
But these words may require some extra effort and time for other students to learn, particularly if they are struggling to keep up with peers when it comes to reading.
How children learn to read
Children develop pre-literacy skills, including individual sound, letter and word recognition, through conversations with caregivers and being read to from an early age.
In order to read a word, a child must first be able to recognize individual letters and sets of letters and then map the correct sounds onto them. This process is called decoding.
Sounding out words, or decoding, uses up a lot of cognitive energy and attention. This is why reading can be quite slow in the beginning, when very few words look familiar to the child.
But after a learner has sounded out a word multiple times, he or she will find it easier to recognize by sight, which is to say he or she will be sight reading.
Which words are sight words?
Sight words are sometimes referred to as Dolch words after the man who assembled them into several lists many parents and educators teach today.
Edward William Dolch published a list of sight words in 1948 while he was working at the University of Illinois. In order to create the list, he looked through children's books for the most common words they contained.
Dolch felt that teaching young children to memorize too many words would be counterproductive. He narrowed the sight words list down to 220, leaving out nouns. This means today’s sight words are comprised mostly of service words such as prepositions, adjectives and verbs.
He eventually released an additional list of 95 nouns. Learn more about the Dolch List.
5 Tips for teaching sight words
There are many ways to teach sight words—here are just a few ideas!
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Look for them in books. Draw a child’s attention to a word by looking for it in children’s books. You can start with Dr. Seuss books as they contain a lot of them! Repeat exposure, pointing a word out, and talking about it provides a much better introduction than simply giving a child a list of terms to learn.
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Hang them around the classroom. Keep the sight words “in sight.” Certain words such as and and the will be hard for children to miss but calling attention to print that contains them is key. You can create big posters of a word, talk about the letters it contains and spend time focusing on its meaning.
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Help children use them. Teaching children to use sight words in their writing, whether it be through illustration, plain old spelling drills, or repetition on a keyboard, can cement learning. A word can be written in isolation or as part of a basic sentence.
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Re-visit them regularly. Teaching a word over and over again may seem pointless but repeat exposure will eventually do the trick. Children need plenty of practice reading and writing sight words before you can consider them learned. Children with specific learning differences, such as dyslexia, may especially benefit from spending extra time learning sight words.
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Introduce an online typing course. There’s no reason why a young child of age 6 or 7 cannot learn to type at the same time as he or she is learning to read and write. The significant factor is that the hands are mature enough to sit comfortably on a keyboard. Typing can greatly help those learners who struggle with dyslexia or dysgraphia as it teaches them to rely on muscle memory in the hands to help with spelling -- and if you use the TTRS course you can also have them learn to type using modules made up only of sight words!
Who else can benefit from sight words?
Sight words are typically taught as part of phonics and spelling lessons and used by teachers to facilitate reading skills.
They are important for understanding English and that means the bilingual child and English as an additional language adult learner can greatly benefit from covering them in early vocabulary lists.
Of course, for adult learners, Dr. Seuss may not be the most appropriate method of introduction so it is recommended that anyone teaching adults investigate other options, such as a touch-typing course in which students learn to recognize and type sight words on a computer.
When learning sight words is hard
For children who struggle with learning difficulties such as dyslexia, sight words are not always that easy to learn.
Learning any word is tricky, but as sight words tend to be somewhat generic vocabulary, they are less amenable to the mnemonic devices dyslexic students sometimes use to remember vocabulary.
If a teacher is aware of the learning difficulty, they can ensure the child receives extra help. However, it can be somewhat embarrassing when a student needs to work to keep up with his or her peers.
Introducing a self-study measure that can be completed at a pace set by the learner, after class or at home, may be the solution. For more information on how to use TTRS’s course for teaching sight words to struggling readers, just get in touch with our team!
Learn more
How do you teach sight words to your learners? Leave us a comment and join the discussion!
For teachers
TTRS is a program designed to support educators in teaching students touch-typing, with additional emphasis on reading and spelling.
Introductory words in Russian - table, types and examples
What are introductory words
Let's start, as always, with a definition - let's figure out what words are called introductory and why they are needed. Schoolchildren face them starting from the 5th grade, although they study in detail only in the 8th grade. This is not a difficult topic if you have a good visual memory - there are very few rules regarding introductory words in Russian, and you just have to remember some things.
| Introductory words are sentence units that do not carry a separate semantic load, but enhance the speaker's emotional assessment, confidence or doubt. They can also indicate the sequence of events, attract attention, etc. |
There are several types of introductory words, but they all have the following features:
- are distinguished in the text by commas, brackets or dashes;
- do not have grammatical connections with other members of the sentence; nine0022
- can be omitted from the text without loss of meaning.
Important!
Introductory words are not part of the sentence. They should be distinguished from exactly the same words that act as circumstances, definitions or additions. The difference is that the introductory construction cannot be questioned.
Let's consider an example:
- Sasha did come, though , he was half an hour late.
- Sasha confirmed that everything written is pure true .
So, we have the word "truth", which in the first sentence acts as an introductory one, since it cannot be questioned. In the second sentence, it is also a predicate. We can pose the question: “what is written is what?”.
- I, right , will not get home soon.
- The whole class is correct solved this problem.
As you can see, in the second sentence, you can put the question “how?” to “correctly”. Therefore, this word is not introductory.
The same rules apply to compound introductory words. They, too, can disguise themselves as different members of a sentence, and it is important to learn to recognize them.
Compare:
- He woke up every morning with joyful anticipation, in one word , he was happy. - With a single word you cannot convince anyone, actions are needed. nine0039
- Sea air and plenty of sun, without any doubt help to quickly recover from illness. - Misha dreamed of the sky since childhood, and therefore , without any doubt, chose the flight school.
Another way to distinguish introductory words is to remove them altogether and see if the sentence loses its meaning.
Let's try to do this on one of our examples:
- Sasha did come, however, he was half an hour late. nine0039
- Sasha confirmed that everything written is true.
It is clear that in the first case the meaning remained the same, but in the second it was lost. This confirms that in the first sentence we are dealing with an introductory word.
Demo lesson in Russian
Take the test at the introductory lesson and find out what topics separate you from the "five" in Russian.
Signs of introductory words: table for grade 5
Grammatically, introductory words can be any part of speech and even a short sentence:
- noun - no doubt, true ;
- adjective - at least, is to blame;
- verb - I hope, I suppose ;
- adverb - undoubtedly, certainly ;
- gerund - frankly ;
- phrase - if you want to know, according to experts ;
- impersonal sentence - seemed to me, as I see it .
Examples of the use of introductory words:
- Pacific Ocean, no doubt , the largest on the planet.
- Frankly speaking , I could not convince him that I was right, and I did not try.
- This role, as I see it , will be best played by Masha.
- — Will you be expected by eight in the morning? nine0108 - Of course !
Russian language exam preparation courses at the Skysmart online school - without stress and on real exam tasks. Try it for free with an introductory lesson!
Classes of introductory words by value
As we have already said, introductory words can perform a variety of functions in oral and written speech.
Some of them emphasize the position of the speaker - his confidence, surprise, regret, etc. Others point to the next action or event, the logic of the story or the source of information. The third ones are only needed to attract attention. Let's figure out what the introductory words of different types mean, and at the end we will summarize using a table with examples. nine0005
Various degrees of certainty, assumption and assumption
This is the most common category of introductory words that we refer to on a daily basis. The main function of this category is to emphasize confidence or uncertainty in any information, so it is very important.
Examples: certainly, certainly, of course, of course, suppose, probably, perhaps, maybe .
If such an introductory word is removed, the sentence will not lose its meaning, but its meaning will still become slightly different. nine0005
Compare:
- Maybe I'll call on you tonight.
- I will visit you tonight.
In the first case, uncertainty remains, while in the second, the proposal sounds positive.
If we talk about introductory words that express confidence, this difference is less noticeable. With them, the statement becomes more categorical, but does not acquire other shades of meaning.
- The task will be difficult, but you, of course , can do it!
- Certainly is the shortest road to the city center.
- This deal, no doubt , launched his successful career.
Do not confuse with members of the sentence:
I believed his words (how?) definitely and without the slightest doubt.
Next, we will consider how the introductory words are indicated, but for now we remind you: if you can put a question to the word, it is a member of the sentence and is not separated by commas. nine0005
Emotions, feelings and assessment of what is happening
Using this category of introductory words, the speaker expresses his attitude to events, gives an assessment. Such words can denote joy, delight, grief, horror, a sense of shame, fear, etc.
Examples: to everyone's joy, to horror, to my delight, unfortunately, unfortunately, the hour is uneven, that's it.
They are characteristic of direct speech, as they reflect the emotions and feelings of the speaker.
- Sorry, , I will not be able to personally meet you at the station.
- Time, surprisingly , flew by very quickly - I did not have time to get bored.
In fiction, these same introductory words can also be used to tell about the feelings of the hero or his attitude to events.
- Katya, to her shame , did not know the meaning of this word and did not understand what it was about. nine0039
- The artist went for an encore and, to the delight of the audience sang all the hits.
Do not confuse with members of the sentence:
(What for?) The delight of the audience was mixed with a share of disappointment that the favorite hit was never heard.
Ordinary, ordinariness of what is happening
Quite a small category of introductory words, in which the majority are colloquial expressions. They not only allow you to point out the ordinary nature of events, but also enliven the text, give it color.
nine0005
Examples: happened, as usual, happened, as a rule, as usual, as usual, as always .
- Grandfather Semyon opened the gate and, according to the old custom , leaned towards the shaggy Beetle.
- After a walk in the park, we, as usual , went for a cup of tea in a cafe.
Do not confuse with members of the proposal:
Not accepting the church reform, the community continued to live (how?) old custom .
Introductory words indicating the source of the message
The main task of introductory words of this type is to indicate authorship, refer to the source of information or give the statement some kind of authority. They are typical for news reports, reviews, articles in the media and are part of the journalistic style, although they are used not only within its framework.
Examples: according to experts, according to scientists, according to the prime minister, according to a correspondent, in my opinion .
- About 97% of all water on our planet, according to scientists , is contained in the oceans.
- According to Deputy Prime Minister , economic growth will continue next year.
In addition, such introductory words help convey direct speech without resorting to exact quotation.
- Ivan Ivanovich said: "Our plant overfulfilled the plan by 5% last quarter." nine0021 According to Ivan Ivanovich , the plant overfulfilled the plan in the last quarter by 5%.
Do not confuse with members of the proposal:
Do not draw far-reaching conclusions (for what?) according to experts , the situation may still change.
Connection of thoughts and sequence of presentation
This type of introductory words indicates the internal logic of the sentence, sequence or any other connection between events. It is especially often used in textbooks and scientific materials, since it makes it possible to streamline the text, build a causal chain. nine0005
Examples: therefore, firstly, secondly, respectively, therefore, on the one hand, first of all, in addition, finally .
- These triangles have a common hypotenuse, hence , they are equal.
- On the one hand, Dasha liked living in France, but on the other hand, she still missed home.
Do not confuse with members of the sentence:
The sheet of paper was painted only (where?) on one side and the other side remained blank.
Notes on the style of speech, way of expressing thought
Introductory words from this category are usually used to point out the features of the presentation or to reformulate the thought. Like the previous view, sometimes they can precede a certain conclusion, but do not directly indicate the connection of events, but rather help express the same idea through other facts or in a different style.
Examples: in other words, to put it mildly, to put it more precisely, if I may say so, in short, in a word.
- The children started to get bored and look at their phones, in other words , the movie was not very interesting.
- This, if I may say , is not jasper at all - the stone heats up too quickly in the hands.
Do not confuse with members of the sentence:
(What?) In other words, can be wounded no worse than with a dagger.
nine0039
Introductory words that attract the interlocutor's attention
Marker words with which you can draw the listener's attention to one or another part of the statement, emphasize the main idea. Very often they are at the beginning of a sentence, but they can also occur in the middle, but at the end they are extremely rare.
Examples: listen, imagine, emphasize, believe it, see, notice what is essential, what is even more important .
- Note , no one left the classroom, although the teacher was already half an hour late.
- At this meeting, we were able to sum up the results and, which is significant , outline a plan for the next year.
Do not confuse with members of the proposal:
Marina always collected her briefcase in the evening, which (how?) significantly saved her time in the morning.
Of course, it is almost impossible to list all the introductory words that are, but we have compiled a short cheat sheet - a table with examples of sentences. nine0005
| Value | Introductory words | Examples |
| Degree of certainty, assumptions, assumptions | Undoubtedly, unequivocally, it may happen, of course, of course, perhaps, perhaps, perhaps, etc. | Possibly , our department will join this project next month. Katya, of course , the best student in the class. nine0005 |
| Emotions, feelings and assessment of what is happening | Fortunately, to my surprise, to my shame, unfortunately, the hour is uneven, to joy, unfortunately, God forbid, thank the gods, etc. | The weather has deteriorated and, the hour is uneven , it will also rain in our city. Masha quickly found an error in the problem and, fortunately , managed to correct it. |
| Information source designation | According to scientists, according to the press, they say, according to experts, in my opinion, in your opinion, etc. | This summer, they say there will be many berries in the forest. According to scientists , green tea has a positive effect on the nervous system. |
| Indicating the sequence of events or thoughts | Firstly, therefore, therefore, on the contrary, finally, in particular, in the first place, thus, etc. | Katya dreamed of a trip, and Dasha, opposite , would like to stay at home. Winter will be harsh, therefore , you need to think about warming the house. |
| Drawing attention to all or part of a proposal | Do you understand, do you know, look, listen, confess, if you want to know, do me a favor, etc. | Listen to , if he did it, then he had a good reason. nine0005 We waited for him all evening, and he, you see , simply forgot about the meeting. |
| Indication of the commonness of an event or subject of conversation | It happened, usually, it happened, as always, as a rule, as usual, etc. | I came to work, as usual , at eight in the morning. It used to be , Ivan was late for the last bus and walked. | nine0014
| Remarks on the style and nature of speech, the way of expressing thoughts | To put it mildly, to put it bluntly, in a word, to put it roughly, in other words, to say more precisely what is called, etc. | Your act, to put it mildly , looks tactless and offends those around you. We live in a village near Tula, or rather , in the suburbs. |
Punctuation marks for introductory words
All introductory words in Russian are distinguished by punctuation marks, which is clearly seen in the examples from our table. In this they differ from the same words that act as members of a sentence and answer a certain question. In addition to the question, there is another way to understand whether it is necessary to put commas or other punctuation marks - try to move the word (phrase) to another part of the sentence.
- As a rule Ivan eats oatmeal for breakfast.
- Ivan, usually , eats oatmeal for breakfast.
- Ivan eats oatmeal for breakfast, usually .
The meaning of the statement has not changed, the construction looks good in any part of the sentence. This means that these are introductory words and they are separated by commas.
Surprisingly, as a rule can be so confusing and difficult to understand.
In this case, the phrase "usually" has a strong syntactic relationship with other words in the sentence, it cannot be moved without losing its meaning. So it is not introductory. We can check this assumption by analyzing it by composition, and we will find out that the "rule" here is the subject.
nine0005
Important!
If in a compound sentence with the union “and” both parts of it are preceded by one inserted word, a comma is not required between these parts.
- Apparently it's , the lesson hasn't started yet and the children were still making noise outside the door.
- Luckily, , the rain had already stopped and I didn't get wet at all on the way home.
- Yesterday I saw this document, hence , it was lying on the table and Nikolai could not pick it up. nine0039
How else is an introductory word distinguished in a sentence, apart from commas? Sometimes you can put a dash in front of it, but this refers more to the author's punctuation, which is needed to create a special rhythm of the text or convey intonation.
- I realized that I forgot my passport and was very scared - the hour is uneven , I will have to turn back.
- Sergey was annoyed - you see , he expected to get a promotion this month. nine0039
Introductory words and insertive constructions
| Insertive constructions and insertive sentences differ from introductory words in that they are an autonomous part of a sentence and contain a complete thought. They can act as incidental remarks, indications, author's explanations in relation to the main sentence, and sometimes even have a weak syntactic connection with it. |
To make it clearer than the difference between introductory words and plug-in constructions, we have compiled a small table.
| Introductory words | Inserts |
July, they say will be warm and sunny. | July, I think will be warm and sunny. |
| Aleksey, of course , already knew how to properly saddle a horse. nine0013 | Aleksey, we were confident in this , he already knew how to properly saddle a horse. |
| The ring lay in a conspicuous place and, certainly , attracted attention. | The ring lay in a conspicuous place, and - as the reader has already guessed - attracted attention. |
It is easy to see that insert constructions, unlike introductory words, have their own subject and predicate. Very often they can be issued as a separate proposal. nine0005
Short insertions may be separated by commas, while longer ones are often separated by parentheses or dashes.
However, it depends not so much on the length of the structure, but on the author's intention. Putting a dash or bracket instead of a comma in most cases will not be a mistake.
- Several guys - there were about a dozen - turned off the path to eat raspberries.
- An old tram rumbled along the street ( such trams have long been discontinued ) and slowly disappeared around the corner.
- Once — Kolya and Vitya remembered this day for a long time. — dad took the whole family fishing in the neighboring region.
Usually, when choosing between commas, brackets and dashes, they are guided by the following: if an interstitial construction has little or no syntactic links with the sentence, it is better to enclose it in brackets.
Sometimes an interstitial sentence ends with an exclamation mark or a question mark to enhance expression.
In this case, it can be distinguished exclusively by brackets or a dash. nine0005
Last spring - it was a real miracle! - the old apple tree is suddenly covered with flowers again.
Important!
If an insertion ends with an exclamation mark or a question mark, then the sentence must be continued with a lower case letter.
Interestingly, introductory words can sometimes be distinguished in the same way. As a rule, this is found in fiction and is one of the ways to emphasize emotions, express the feelings of the author or character. nine0005
- Katya carefully entered the dark room and — oh horror! - I noticed how the curtain swayed slightly by itself.
- And soon ( wonderful thing! ) Petya fell in love with mathematics so much that he solved all the problems for the next quarter.
Here we are dealing with introductory words that could be separated by commas, but in order to enhance the emotional coloring of the text, they are presented in the form of interstitial sentences with an exclamation point. They can equally well be separated by brackets or dashes. nine0005
So we have dealt with such an extensive topic as introductory words in Russian, and in order to consolidate knowledge, we recommend that you finally go over the tables and lists with your eyes.
12 ways to expand your vocabulary and start speaking beautifully
September 2, 2022 Education
"Just reading more" won't help.
You can listen to the article. If it's more convenient for you, turn on the podcast.
1. Get rid of parasitic words
Make room for new expressions. Eliminate “uh”, “well”, “how to”, “this is the most” and the like, as well as obscene language and clichés, from your speech.
Send overly capacious expressions to them, like “real”, “fuck” and “cool”.
The trouble with them is that they can replace a significant part of the vocabulary and make speech poor.
Notice unwanted words behind you. Record your own speech on a camera or voice recorder, imagine that you are at an interview or presentation. Reread your social media posts. nine0005
Analyze all this and write down the words and expressions that you want to get rid of. Share this list with a friend or colleague, ask him to pull you up every time he hears forbidden vocabulary.
2. Add variety to your reading
It is logical that in order to know more words, you need to read more. But do not cling only to high literature. Flip through low-brow novels, scroll through social media posts, blogs from people you don't know, and magazines that don't suit your interests. nine0005
You should know equally well what "indifferent", "emancipation" and "simulacrum" means and what "hype", "crowdfunding" and "punchline" are.
3. Find out the meaning of unknown words
Do not be lazy to look in the dictionary and do not hesitate to ask the interlocutor if you do not understand what he is talking about. There is no shame in confessing your ignorance. This is better than pretending to understand everything, continuing an unproductive conversation and losing the chance to learn something new. nine0005
4. Connect with people who are different from you
Your usual social circle is constantly “cooked” in the same vocabulary, because you have the same interests and topics for discussion. You have probably noticed that when someone from your company finds another job or meets new people, his speech changes. He sprinkles with unusual words, jokes, and even the manner of speaking can become completely different.
Every new person changes you. Therefore, strive to constantly expand the circle of your acquaintances. Chat at the gym, shop, go to more events, and connect online. Don't push away those who are different from you.
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5. Carry a notebook with you
In it, do not hesitate to note interesting words that you come across and unwanted expressions that you notice in yourself. But just taking notes is not enough - review them regularly and draw conclusions.
6. Learn a foreign language
This will make you pay attention to your mother tongue. You will become more careful with grammar and syntax, you will begin to carefully select words.
In addition, while studying a foreign language, you are already practicing the mechanism of memorizing new words, as well as introducing them into the active vocabulary. nine0005
7. Write to
Start a personal diary or blog on social networks. Every day, describe your thoughts and events in great detail. Write about your goals and desires, invent stories and stories. When chatting with friends, avoid broken messages and do not use emoji instead of words.
First, writing is a great way to apply and reinforce what you have learned.
Secondly, if you write by hand, it will help you remember new words even better.
8. Memorize aphorisms, poems, quotes
It is much more pleasant to learn catchphrases that touched the soul than to learn vocabulary items one by one. Mark and write down everything that is hooked. Learn, repeat and reread. Over time, there will be more interesting expressions in your vocabulary.
It's not just about embellishing speech. Imagine how great it will be to show off your knowledge in a conversation. Just do not be zealous with quotes and high-flown lines: you may be mistaken for an upstart.
9. Use cards
If you can't remember a very difficult and interesting word, use the flashcard method. Many people know this method from school.
You write the word on one side of the card and its meaning on the other. First you need to try to remember the answer yourself, and then turn the element over and check yourself.
This method is very simple and effective: the memorization process begins with preparation.
Therefore, it is better not to use applications, but to create cards yourself and write on them by hand. Yes, and you can take a small pile with you anywhere. nine0005
10. Practice
- Make sentences where each word starts with the next letter of the alphabet. For example: “The stork was an excellent harmonica player. Even the raccoons howled plaintively and nodded their curious muzzles, enjoying the charming songs. That skill became fatal, fatal. The gloomy heron ambitiously threw poison at the frail, selfish youth.
- Make up stories from words that belong to the same part of speech. Describe your morning using only nouns. “Call, wake up, alarm clock, turn off. Rise, search, clothes. Approach, window, opening, freshness. Cheerfulness, inspiration, joy. By the same principle, make up stories with only verbs, adjectives or participles. This activity seems simple only at first: if you set yourself the goal of adding more and more details, you will have to learn how to carefully select words and pull them out of the passive vocabulary.
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- Compose tautograms. This is the name of the sentences, all words of which begin with the same letter. Here is an example from Nikolai Kultyapov's Olgin Ostrov: Onuphry's father, Osip Ostromirovich Ordynsky, graduated from Oxford full-time. He unequivocally refused to remain far from the Fatherland, going back. The obsessed Ordynsky announced a survey of individual districts, regions, vast outskirts.
- Choose synonyms and antonyms for words. nine0012 This exercise can be done anywhere and anytime. Bored in line or at lunch - come up with a synonym for the word. For example, “beautiful” is picturesque, wonderful, gratifying, beautiful, and so on. Do the same with antonyms.
11. Play
You can learn new words while having fun. Solve puzzles, solve puzzles and crossword puzzles - it's practically a vacation. Apart from the hard work of the brain, of course.
12. Follow the "Word of the Day"
Install applications like "Word of the Day" on your smartphone, subscribe to relevant blogs and mailing lists.
