Teaching toddlers to read and write
Ready to Teach Your Toddler to Read? Activities, Books, and More
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Read more about our vetting process.Raising a little bookworm? Reading is a milestone typically associated with the early grade school years. But parents can help foster reading skills from an earlier age.
Whether you can actually teach your toddler to read has a lot to do with your individual child, their age, and their developmental skills. Here’s more about the stages of literacy, activities you can do at home to promote reading, as well as some books that will help reinforce these skills.
Related: Books better than e-books for toddlers
The answer to this question is “sort of yes” and “sort of no.” There are a number of things that go into developing the skills for reading. While some kids — even young kids — may pick up on all of these things quickly, this isn’t necessarily the norm.
And beyond that, sometimes what people observe as their kids reading may actually be other actions, like mimicking or recitation.
This isn’t to say you can’t expose your little one to books and reading through activities like reading together, playing word games, and practicing letters and sounds. All of these bite-sized lessons will add up over time.
Reading is a complex process and it takes the mastery of many skills, including:
Phonemic awareness
Letters each represent sounds or what are called phonemes. Having phonemic awareness means that a child can hear the different sounds that letters make. This is an auditory skill and does not involve printed words.
PhonicsWhile similar, phonics is different from phonemic awareness. It means that a child can identify the sound that letters make alone and in combinations on the written page. They practice “sound-symbol” relationships.
VocabularyThat is, knowing what words are and connecting them to the objects, places, people, and other things in the environment. With regard to reading, vocabulary is important so kids can understand the meaning of the words they read and, further down the line, whole sentences.
FluencyReading fluency refers to things like the accuracy (words read correctly versus not) and rate (words per minute) with which a child is reading.
A child’s phrasing of words, intonation, and use of voices for different characters is also part of fluency.
And very importantly, comprehension is a big part of reading. While a child may be able to make out the sounds of letter combinations and put together words in isolation, having comprehension means that they can understand and interpret what they’re reading and make meaningful connections to the real world.
As you can see, there’s a lot involved. It may seem daunting, prompting you to research different products meant to help teach even the youngest babies and tots to read.
A study from 2014 examined media designed to teach babies and toddlers to read and determined that young children do not actually learn to read using DVD programs. In fact, while parents surveyed did believe their babies were reading, researchers say they were actually observing imitation and mimicking.
Related: The most educational TV shows for toddlers
First and foremost, it’s important to understand that all children are different.
Your friend might tell you that their 3-year-old is reading books at a second grade level. Stranger things have happened. But that’s not necessarily what you should expect from your tot.
Facts: Most children learn to read sometime between the ages of 6 and 7. Some others may gain the skill (at least somewhat) as early as age 4 or 5. And, yes, there are those exceptions where kids may start reading earlier. But resist the urge to try to force reading too early — it should be fun!
Experts in the field explain that literacy for toddlers does not equal reading per se. Instead, it’s a “dynamic developmental process” that occurs in stages.
Skills toddlers have and can develop:
- Book handling. This includes how a toddler physically holds and handles books. It can range from chewing (infants) to page turning (older toddlers).
- Looking and recognizing. Attention span is another factor. Babies may not engage much with what’s on the page.
As kids get a bit older, their attention span increases and you might see them connecting better to the pictures in books or pointing out objects that are familiar. - Comprehension. Understanding books — text and pictures — is a developing skill as well. Your child may imitate actions they see in books or talk about the actions they hear in the story.
- Reading behaviors. Young kids do verbally interact with books as well. You may see them mouth the words or babble/imitate reading the text as you read out loud. Some kids may even run their fingers over the words as if following along or pretend to read books on their own.
As time goes on, your child may also be able to recognize their own name or even recite an entire book from memory. While this doesn’t necessarily mean they’re reading, it’s still part of what leads up to reading.
So what can you do to foster a love of language and reading? A lot!
Literacy is all about exploring.
Let your child play with books, sing songs, and scribble to their heart’s content. Remember to make it enjoyable for both you and your little one.
1. Read together
Even the youngest kids can benefit from having books read to them by their caregivers. When reading is part of the daily routine, children pick up more quickly on other building blocks for reading. So, read to your child and take them to the library with you to choose books.
And while you’re at it, try keeping the topics of these books familiar. When children can relate to a story in some way or have a good reference point, they may be more engaged.
2. Ask ‘what will happen next?’ questions
Talk to your child as often as you can. Using language is as important as reading when it comes to developing literacy skills. Beyond asking “what will happen next” in a story (to work on comprehension), you can tell your own stories. Be sure to incorporate new vocabulary when and where it makes sense.
Over time, your tot may make the connection between the words you speak and the words they sees written on the pages of their favorite books.
3. Point out letter sounds and combinations
Words are all around us in the world. If your child is showing an interest, consider taking the time to point out words or at least different letter combinations on things like their favorite cereal box or the street signs outside your home. Don’t quiz them just yet. Approach it more like: “OH! Do you see that BIG word on the sign over there? It says s-t-o-p — STOP!”
Look at labels on clothing or words on birthday cards or billboards. Words don’t just appear on the pages of books, so eventually your child will see that language and reading is everywhere.
4. Make text a game
Once you’ve observed the words and letters all around your child’s environment, turn it into a game. You might ask them to identify the first letter on the grocery store sign. Or maybe they can identify numbers on the nutrition label of their favorite snack.
Keep it playful — but through this activity, you’ll slowly build your child’s text awareness and recognition.
After a while, you may see that your child initiates this activity or that they are starting to pick up on full words on their own.
5. Practice sight words
Flash cards aren’t necessarily a first choice activity at this age — they tend to promote memorization, which isn’t the key to reading. In fact, experts share that memorization is a “lower level skill” compared other more complex language skills kids gain through meaningful conversations.
That said, you may consider introducing sight words in other ways, like with phonetic reading blocks. The blocks offer practice with rhyming skills, too, all while allowing your child to twist and create new words.
Shop for phonetic reading blocks online.
6. Incorporate technology
There are certainly apps you may want to try that can help introduce or reinforce reading skills. Just keep in mind the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends avoiding digital media for children under 18 to 24 months and limiting screen time to no more than an hour daily for kids 2 to 5.
Homer is a phonics-based app that lets kids learn letter shapes, trace letters, learn new vocabulary, and listen to short stories. Other apps, like Epic, open up a huge digital library for reading age-appropriate books together on the go. There are even books that will read aloud to your child.
When looking at different apps, just remember that toddlers can’t learn to read using media alone. Instead, look at technology as a bonus to the other activities you do together with your child.
7. Play writing and tracing games
While your little one is probably just learning how to hold a crayon or pencil they may enjoy the chance to work on their “writing.” Spell out your child’s name or have them trace it on a piece of paper. This will help show your little one the relationship between reading and writing, reinforcing their reading skills.
Once you’ve mastered short words, you might go on to your child’s favorite words or perhaps working together to write short notes to family members or friends.
Read the words together, allow them to dictate, and keep it fun.
If your little one isn’t into writing, you might try getting some alphabet magnets and forming words on your refrigerator. Or if you’re OK with a mess, try writing letters in sand or shaving cream in a tray with your index finger.
Shop for alphabet magnets online.
8. Label your world
Once you’ve gotten the hang of some favorite words, consider writing up some labels and placing them on objects in your home, like the refrigerator, couch, or kitchen table.
After your child has become more practiced with these labels, try collecting them together and then having your child place them in the correct location. Start with just a few words at first and then increase the number as your child becomes more familiar.
9. Sing songs
There are lots of songs that incorporate letters and spelling. And singing is a lighthearted way to work on literacy skills. You can start with the regular ABCs song.
Blogger Jodie Rodriguez at Growing Book by Book suggests songs like C is for Cookie, Elmo’s Rap Alphabet, and ABC the Alphabet Song for learning the alphabet.
She also suggests Down by the Bay for rhyming skills, Tongue Twisters for alliteration, and Apples and Bananas for phoneme substitution.
10. Engage in rhyming games
Rhyming is an excellent activity to develop literacy skills. If you’re in the car or waiting in line at a restaurant, try asking your child “Can you think of words that rhyme with bat?” And let them rattle off as many as they can. Or alternate rhyming words.
PBS Kids also maintains a short list of rhyming games children can do online that feature favorite characters, like Elmo, Martha, and Super Why.
Your child’s interests may guide your book choices, and that’s a good idea. Bring your tot to the library and let them choose books that they can relate to or that cover a subject they might enjoy.
The following books — many of which are recommended by librarians or beloved by parents — are appropriate for early readers and help reinforce things like learning the ABCs, writing, rhyming, and other literacy skills.
Reserve these books at the library, visit your local indie bookstore, or shop online:
- Chicka Chicka Boom Boom by Bill Martin Jr.
- ABC T-Rex by Bernard Most
- ABC See, Hear, Do: Learn to Read 55 Words by Stefanie Hohl
- T is for Tiger by Laura Watkins
- My First Words by DK
- Lola at the Library by Anna McQuinn
- I Will Not Read This Book by Cece Meng
- Harold and the Purple Crayon by Crockett Johnson
- How Rocket Learned to Read by Tad Hills
- Do Not Open this Book by Michaela Muntean
- Not a Box by Antoinette Portis
- Dr. Seuss’s Beginner Book Collection by Dr. Seuss
- My First Library: 10 Board Books for Kids by Wonder House Books
What to look for in books
You might be out in the library browsing around and wonder what is most appropriate to bring home for your tot. Here are some suggestions based on age.
Young toddlers (12 to 24 months)
- board books they can carry around
- books that feature young toddlers doing routine things
- good morning or goodnight books
- hello and goodbye books
- books with only a few words on each page
- books with rhymes and predictable text patterns
- animal books
Older toddlers (2 to 3 years)
- books that feature very simple stories
- books with rhymes that they can memorize
- wake-up and bedtime books
- hello and goodbye books
- alphabet and counting books
- animal and vehicle books
- books about daily routine
- books with favorite television show characters
Reading books and playing with letters and words can help set your toddler on a journey to becoming a lifelong reader, whether or not they start fully reading at a young age.
There’s so much more to literacy than reading chapter books — and building the skills to get there is half the magic of it all. Academics aside, be sure to soak in this special time with your little one and try to enjoy the process as much as the end result.
Steps to Teach a Toddler to Read
Wondering how to teach a toddler to read at home? How to teach a 2-year-old to read?
Start by reading to your child every day. Teach them that books have meaning, are important, and most of all – fun! Encourage them to guess what will happen next and point out letters to informally teach them letter recognition. Keep it simple and exciting, and most of all fun. Preschoolers learn most through play.
What Research Tells Us About Toddlers Reading
Teaching toddlers to read is an insurmountable task you may not feel qualified to take on. However, research teaches us that there are things we can be doing to help equip toddlers to read. Teaching a toddler to read involves not only focused efforts but also reading aloud to the toddler (Frey, 2015).
According to the same study, parents can build a child’s vocabulary simply by talking to the child, but the best way to boost vocabulary is by reading (Massaro, as quoted in Frey 2015).
Interestingly, reading aloud to children helps boost not only their vocabularies but also their understanding of grammatical rules and nuances which forms the basis for later learning to read. Simply talking to children also helps boost their vocabularies as well. The more parents talk to their children, the higher their IQs tested at ages three and above (Frey, 2015).
Starting to Teach a Toddler to Read
With all the positive research supporting the idea of reading for toddlers, you may come away from this wondering just how you’re supposed to do that. Below, we’ve collected several fun and easy-to-implement strategies for teaching a toddler to read.
- Read to your toddler. The above research shows how important this step is. Children who are read to become literate, period.
Even when your child can read independently, it’s important to read to him or her. - Teach the letters of the alphabet. Even within this step, there are various schools of thought on how to go about doing this. Teach basic letter recognition to begin with. And be sure to make it a fun game!
- Sing and teach letter songs. This goes along with step 2 and helps solidify what your toddler is learning. It also takes the alphabet from the abstract to the concrete when toddlers can relate what they’ve been taught to something else they’re being taught. An online preschool curriculum is perfect for this!
- Teach short words. Some parents prefer to teach the alphabet first while others skip that step and move
Click here for free letters and word cards!straight into teaching short words. In the toddler years, we’re mainly focusing on stimulating the child’s ability to recognize and memorize letters, numbers, shapes, and colors.
What a perfect time to teach short words! - Ask questions. Asking your child questions encourages interaction with the book you’re reading. It’s also pivotal in helping your child understand comprehension questions down the road. Reading and fluency are certainly worthy goals, but our ultimate goal should be comprehension. Since we’re talking about toddlers here, you could ask simple questions such as “Do you see the dog?” or “Is the house red?” Simple “yes” or “no” questions will suffice.
- Be a good example! If your child never sees you reading and if you don’t supply him or her with plenty of book options, it’s possible he or she will take very little interest in reading. Children learn by example and seeing you read frequently will go a long way in igniting his enthusiasm for reading.
- Point out letters in their natural settings. For instance, when you spot a stop sign, you could point out the letters to your young toddler or ask him or her what letters he or she sees.
In your nursery, if you have your child’s name on the wall or on a baby book, take the time to point these things out to him. Seeing letters “in use” rather than just as abstract concepts will solidify the meaning of reading for a purpose to your toddler. - Use a multisensory approach. In addition to teaching your toddler the letter sounds and names, incorporate other senses in your teaching. For instance, a soft piece of material your toddler can gently rub will help make sense of the word “soft” and possibly even the letter “S.” This is a good time to do alphabet crafts with your toddler. He or she will soon come to relate letters and their sounds with images that begin with those letters.
- Become familiar with decoding words. Decoding will help your toddler learn to read faster. Instead of stumbling over letter sounds or digraph combinations, your toddler can begin understanding the way letter combinations work together to form words.
- Use word families.
Word families are words that end in similar sounds but have different beginnings. Examples include “-op,” (pop, mop, top, etc.) and “-at” (fat, rat, cat, mat, etc.).
It’s hard to believe, but your toddler can read! With patience and persistence, you can implement the above ideas and have your child on his or her way to reading!
Discover more Free Preschool Printables for your homeschool.
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Teaching children to read and write
Submitted by Ilya Danshyn on Mon, 11/15/2021 - 14:31
Learning to read and write
Talking, singing, playing with sounds and words, reading, writing and drawing with your child are all great ways to create a good foundation for your child to read and write in the future.
Regular daily activities at home or occasional activities in bookstores or libraries are all excellent opportunities for children to learn to read and write. nine0003
And You don't need much time to practice reading and writing with your child - just five minutes a few times a day is enough. The key is to do it at different times and use different opportunities to help your child learn. It can be the simplest activity, such as making a shopping list, playing rhymes, or reading fairy tales before bed.
It's never too early to involve your child in activities that will teach him to read and write - even babies love to hear stories and engage in conversation. The following are activities for children of all ages. If you have several young children of different ages, you can combine or change activities according to their interests and skills. nine0003
Infants, Toddlers and Preschoolers: Teaching Reading and Writing
Communication and Singing
Communication and singing with young children helps them develop their listening and speaking skills. Here are some ideas to get you started:
- Use rhyme when you get it right. Use phrases like “a little gray top will come and bite on the flank”, or make up nonsense rhymes about what you are doing, for example: “I’ll cook this beauty for the cat.” nine0027
- Sing traditional nursery rhymes to your child. Thanks to them, the baby begins to understand what language, rhyme, repetition and rhythm are.
Think back to something you heard as a child, no matter what language. - If you have a baby, repeat the sounds he makes, or make up sounds and see if he can repeat them. For example: “Cows say “mu-u-u-u”. Can you say "moo-o-o-o"?
- While eating, talk about the meals you have cooked, what you have done with the food, what the food tastes like and looks like. nine0027
- Talk about what's going on outside: how the leaves rustle, the birds sing, or the noise of the cars. Ask your child if they can mimic the sounds that wind, rain, water, planes, trains, and cars make.
- Play "I am a spy" to guess the colors. This can be a lot of fun, especially for preschoolers. For example: “I am a spy, and I look secretly and see something green. What green can I look at?
Reading and studying with books
Even in toddlers, reading aloud develops vocabulary, listening and understanding skills, and forms the basis for further development of the ability to connect sounds and words.
Your child may like:
- Read books that have rhyme, rhythm and repetition.
- Turn the pages and talk about what he sees (for preschool children). To guide your child's gaze, slide your finger from left to right across the page as you read and point to specific words or phrases. It is important that the child has fun. nine0027
- Flipping through books with windows that open or books that are fun to touch and feel - this activity will be especially appreciated by toddlers. Such books will help satisfy the need of toddlers to touch and explore. You can even make your own book with items your child loves to look at and touch.
- Read stories interactively. Ask, for example: “What do you think will happen next?” or “Remember when we were on the bus?” nine0027
- Correlate what is told in books with real life. For example, if you have read a book about games under a tree, you can take the child to the yard, sit it under the tree, show the leaves and branches, and play as described in the book.
- Do what you read about. For example, ask him to jump like a kangaroo from a book.
Drawing and Writing Activities
Scribble writing and drawing help young children practice the skills they will need later to develop pencil and pen skills. Toddlers and preschoolers can do the following:
- Draw and write with pens, pencils, crayons and markers. The kid will definitely want to add his own inscriptions or a bright multi-colored drawing to greeting cards or letters.
- Write some letters or your name on all the drawings the child has made: write the letters in one color and have the child circle them in another color.
- Make letters of the alphabet or numbers from salt dough or plasticine.
- Use the letters of the alphabet in various forms - on cubes, on puzzle pieces, and magnetic letters that can be hung on a refrigerator or board. nine0027
- Cut or draw the main household items (chair, table, TV, wall, door, etc.
), then write their names on separate small pieces of paper. Ask your child to match the name of the object with its image. - Encourage the child to talk about their drawings. Help your child write down the words he uses to describe them.
Senior preschool children: extra classes to teach reading and writing
In addition to those already listed, as school gets closer and if your child is interested, you can try the following activities: - thanks to such games, your child learns sounds. For example: “I will think of something that starts with “m”. What do you think I'm looking at that starts with that letter?"
Ask your child to tell you about what they enjoyed doing in kindergarten this week. Sometimes you can write down what the child says. Reading and activities using books
- Read and talk about fairy tales. Ask the child: "What was the story about?" or “Did you like this character? Why?"
- Older children love alphabet books. Ask your child to name words that begin with the same sound as the letter you point to.
- Invite the child to make a story book with his own pictures. With your help, he can do this on a computer or using pencils and paper. If the child is interested, help him write at least a few letters in the story. nine0027
- While walking or shopping, ask your child to choose or name certain letters or words on billboards, shop signs, road signs, or items in a supermarket.
The same can be done at home with catalogs and advertising magazines. - Sign up to the library with your child, offer him to take books home. Many libraries also host meetings and activities for young readers.
Drawing and writing activities
- Ask your child to write their name and the names of other family members on greeting cards or photographs. Once your child has learned to use all the letters correctly, they are ready to learn how to write in uppercase and lowercase (capital and small) letters.
- Invite the child to write a shopping list or play "restaurant" and make a menu for him.
- Ask your child to make a book with a word on one side of the page and a picture with that word on the other. When you work with your child, help him as needed, make these activities interesting for him. nine0003
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Fundamentals of teaching preschoolers to read and write.
| Consultation (preparatory group) on the topic: Fundamentals of teaching preschoolers to read and write.
The family plays an important role in shaping a person's personality. Raising your child is a great art, since the process of education itself is a continuous work of the heart, mind and will of the parents. Every day they have to look for ways to approach the child, to think about the resolution of many specific situations put forward by life. Especially many questions arise when it becomes necessary to prepare a child for school.
One of these questions makes parents think: “How to teach a child to read and write?” nine0003
Learning to read is based not on the letter, but on the sound. Before showing the child a new letter, for example M, you should teach him to hear the sound [m] in syllables and words. At first, both the sounds and the letters corresponding to them should be named the same - [m], [b], and not em or be. Speaking like this, we pronounce two sounds - [e] and [m].
It only confuses the kids. Another gross mistake is reading letter by letter, i.e. the child first names the letters: M A - and only after that he adds up the syllable itself: M A. This habit of misreading is very persistent and is corrected with great difficulty. If a child can read words of three or four letters in this way, then reading more complex words will be inaccessible. Correct reading is reading in syllables (until fluent reading is formed). At first, let the child draw the first letter of the syllable for a long time until he recognizes the next letter. The main thing is that he does not stop after the first letter, read the letters of the syllable together. First of all, children are taught to read syllables like AP, UT, IK, etc. Then they move on to syllables like MA, BUT, VU. After the skill of reading syllables is sufficiently automated, they proceed to reading words like MAC, MOON, STICK, etc. increasing word complexity. If in oral speech a child replaces some sounds, for example, [W] with [S] (“sapka”) or [R] with [L] (“lyba”), it is not recommended to learn the corresponding letters with him until the sound pronunciation is completely corrected .
Otherwise, the child may form an incorrect connection between the sound and the letter denoting it. nine0003 "Can parents correct their child's speech?"
Undoubtedly, it is difficult to overestimate the role of the mother or other close people in the development of the child's speech. Pay special attention to your own speech, since for children aged 1 to 6 years, the speech of their parents is a role model and the basis for subsequent speech development. It is important to adhere to the following rules:
- you can not "lisp", that is, speak in a "babble" language or distort sound pronunciation, imitating a child's speech; nine0042 - it is desirable that your speech is always clear, fairly smooth, emotionally expressive, moderate in pace;
- when communicating with a child, do not overload your speech with hard-to-pronounce words, incomprehensible expressions and turns. Phrases should be fairly simple. Before reading the book, new, unfamiliar words found in the text must not only be explained to the child in a form that is understandable to him, but also illustrated in practice;
- only specific questions should be asked, not rushed with an answer; nine0042 - the child should not be punished for mistakes in speech, mimicked or corrected irritably.
It is useful to read to children poetic texts appropriate for their age. It is very important to develop auditory attention, mobility of the articulatory apparatus, fine motor skills of the hand. Before teaching a child to write, it is necessary to form the correct grip of the pen. Many kids do it wrong. The child's hands should lie on the table so that the elbow of the right hand (for right-handers) protrudes slightly beyond the edge of the table, and the hand moves freely along the line, and the left lies on the table and holds the sheet. The pen is placed on the upper part of the middle finger, and the nail phalanges of the thumb and forefinger hold it at a distance of 1.5–2 cm from the end of the rod. Teach your child to navigate on a sheet of paper: show the top right, bottom left, middle of the sheet, etc. Then they are taught to see the lines, find the beginning, end of the line. nine0003
"How to help a child if he forgets, confuses, writes letters incorrectly?"
If a child writes letters in the wrong direction (mirror), he confuses the arrangement of the elements of the letters, most often this is a consequence of unformed spatial representations.
Check if your child can correctly show his right ear, left leg, etc., tell what he sees to his right, what to his left. Very useful activity games such as "Tangram", "Pythagoras", "Fold the square", various "constructors". It happens that a child confuses letters that are completely different in spelling: M and B, T and D. The reason for this may be that the child does not distinguish the corresponding sounds by ear. At the same time, his physical hearing may be absolutely normal. Teach your child to find difficult sounds in syllables, words. To make it easier for a child to memorize letters, the following techniques are recommended: - Letter coloring, hatching.
- Sculpting letters from plasticine by a child, bending letters from wire.
- A child cutting out a letter along a contour drawn by an adult.
- "Writing" with wide gestures of all the studied letters in the air.
- Comparison of the letter and its elements with familiar objects, other letters: the letter U - hare ears, etc.
- Tracing with a finger a letter cut out of fine sandpaper or velvet paper, recognizing letters by touch with eyes closed. nine0042 - Laying out letters from various materials: braid, buttons, matches, etc.
- A child's stroke of letters written by an adult.
- Writing a letter according to reference points set by an adult."Should I study before school?" This is a question parents often ask teachers. It can be answered quite definitely: yes, it is necessary. But teaching preschoolers requires special knowledge. Therefore, before you start learning, you need to prepare for this. It is better not to teach at all than to teach incorrectly and then retrain. nine0003
Teaching reading and counting, preparing a hand for writing at preschool age is best done in a playful way, since knowledge is thus better absorbed by children.
When teaching, it is important to maintain a sense of proportion. If a child knows too little, he will have to work hard at school to keep up with other children.
