What are cardinal numbers

one, seven, one hundred and five .

Cardinal numbers change according to cases, but do not change according to numbers and genders. The exception is the numerals one, two, both, one and a half , which change by childbirth:

One - one,

Two - two,

Both - both,

- one and a half 11;

and numerals one, thousand, million, billion , which change by numbers:

one - one,

thousand - thousand,

million - millions,

billion - billions .

Cardinal numbers are characterized by specific compatibility with nouns:

• After the numeral one (one, one) nouns stand in the nominative singular :

  one friend one cup , one case .

  The numeral one is consistent with nouns in all cases:

  one friend, one friend, one friend, one friend, about one friend .

• After the numerals two, three, four nouns are in the genitive singular :

  two friends , three bananas , four birches .

  After all other numerals, nouns stand in the genitive plural :

  seven friends , forty bananas , one hundred birches .

  In all cases, except for the nominative, the numerals will agree with the nouns:

  no two friends, approached two friends, proud of two friends, talked about two friends .

  nine0004

Digits

Cardinal numbers are divided into digits:

1. Integers (denoting an integer):

   one, twenty-five, one hundred .

2. Fractional (denoting a fractional number):

   three fifths, one eighth .

   Fractional numbers consist of two parts: the first part is the numerator of the fraction is a cardinal number in the nominative case, the second part is the denominator of is the ordinal number in the genitive plural:
   If the numerator is 1 or 2 , then the feminine form is used:

   one tenth, two sevenths .

   Fractional numbers are written separately.

   In colloquial speech, some fractional numbers have specific names:

   one second - half , one third - third , one fourth - quarter .

   Nouns after fractional numbers are always put in the genitive singular:

   half an apple, three fourths of the area, a quarter of a kilogram .

   The word and a half also belongs to fractional numbers, which has only two forms:

   	M. and Wed. genus	J. Rod
   I., V.	One and a half	FILE
   R., D., T., P.	9011 9019

3. Collective (total 11 pieces):

   two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten ;

   both (both, both), both (both).

   Collective numerals denote the number of persons or objects as a single group, something united and inseparable: nine0016 two sisters, four friends .

   Collective numbers combined:

   • With nouns that are used only in the plural:

     two points, three sleds .

   • With masculine nouns denoting people and baby animals:

     three friends, five kittens .

     Regular quantitative nouns can also be combined with these nouns: nine0016 three friends - three friends, five kittens - five kittens .

   • With nouns denoting paired items:

     two socks, three boots .

   • Only the numeral and both can be combined with feminine nouns:

     both sisters, both legs .

   • With personal pronouns:

     there will be six of us .

   After the collective nouns in the nominative case, the noun is placed in the genitive plural :

   two boys , three kittens , five boys .

   After the collective numbers both, both , standing in the nominative case, the noun is put in the genitive singular :

   both boys , both girls .

   The numerals both, both are the only collectives that combine with any nouns denoting countable objects:

   both windows, both cases, both doors, both legs .

Spelling of cardinal numbers

Cardinal numbers ending in -TEN, -STA, -COT , written together:

seventy, four hundred, nine hundred .

The numeral eleven is written with НН from the expression one-on-twenty , where - twenty means ten.

Simple numerals from 5 to 10 and complex numerals, which end at - (from 11 to 20 and 30 ), are written with a soft sign ( b ) at the end:

five, thirty .

When declining these numerals, only their endings change:

five - five, thirty - thirty .

complex numerals that end at -thousand ( 50 -80 ) and at -hundred ( 500 -900 ), are written with a soft sign ( b ) in the middle:

seventy, seventy, seventy, seventy, seven hundred .

Declension changes both parts of these numbers: 90 osta

Soft sign in numerals

Soft sign ь is not written in the middle of the following numbers:

fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.

Numeral

Instead of the word half its abbreviated version is often used - floor . The numeral floor with other words can be written together, separately or with a hyphen.

one piece	As part of compound words, the second part of which begins with a consonant letter.	half past two half an hour half a glass
	As part of adverbs.	half voice half turn half voice
hyphenated	Before vowels.	half an apple half a watermelon
	Before a consonant L .	half a lemon half a liter
	Before proper names.	half of Moscow half of Italy
separately	If gender has an independent meaning and there is an agreed definition between it and the noun.	half a coffee cup half past three in the night

Syntactic role

In sentences, cardinal numbers can be any part of the sentence. Cardinal numbers with nouns dependent on them are one member of the sentence. For example:

Ten is divisible by two.

Three kittens were playing on the lawn near the house.

After an unexpected defeat, there were nine of us left.

I took out five coins from my pocket.

Extra classes were supposed to start at five o'clock.

Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers in English

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On average, each of us uses from 20 to 40 numerals during the day. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to the numerals in English: without them, how without hands - neither order a pizza, nor dictate a phone, nor find out what year it is.

Ordinal numbers

Numerals in English, as well as in Russian, are of 2 types: quantitative and ordinal. On this, perhaps, the similarity between English and Russian numerals ends.

Ordinal numbers - answer the question " which is ".

Most ordinal numbers are formed with the ending th .

Ordinal numbers are most often attached to a noun, so they are preceded by the definite article the:

• The forty-six th president of the United States. Forty-sixth President of the United States.
• November is the eleven th month. November is the eleventh month. nine0004

The formation of numerals in English has a clear algorithm. So, ordinal numbers are formed by adding th to cardinal numbers. But there are exceptions: first, second, third.

In compound ordinal numbers, only the last component is in ordinal form: twenty-sixth, seventy-fourth.

Tens ending in y change to ie:

• fort y - fort ie th.

In writing, ordinal numbers can be reduced, there is no need to write so much:

• First - 1st
• Second-2nd
• Third - 3rd
• Fourth - 4th
• Fifth - 5th and so on

In the table - numerals of the English language. Save, Teach, Practice:

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Cardinal numbers

Cardinal numbers - answer the question "how much" .

Remove should be no problem. There are no special chips and wisdom in their education - you just have to remember a few features.

Numerals hundred, thousand, million are used in the singular. No need to add the plural ending S.

The ending S is used only if the numerals are used as nouns:

• thousands of followers
• hundreds of voters - hundreds of voters
• dozens of comments

When writing a large number in English, you have to split it with commas, like this:

• 1.567 one thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven

By the way, in the UK it is customary to break long numbers with the union and:

• seven hundred and sixty - three

And in American English it is accepted like this:

• seven hundred sixty - three

Choose which English is closer to you and use one of the options.

Cardinal numbers will surely be needed for you to dictate a phone number. Are people still exchanging numbers in 2020? Let's assume that yes and remember:

• the digits of the phone number are pronounced one at a time
• if two identical digits are in a row, you can say double and say the digit once
• 112 - 344 double one two three double four

Another effective way to quickly memorize numbers is to sign up for English lessons for children aged 8 online at Skysmart School.

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Features of numerals

Everything could be simple and understandable with English numerals, if not for a few tricky rules that need to be understood and remembered. nine0021

Zero

Zero - he is zero, he is also zero, nil, nought and o - many-sided and mysterious, let's figure it out.

Zero is pronounced like zero:

• in the weather forecast: above zero - above zero, below zero - below zero, reduce to zero - reduce to zero.
• as a percentage: there is only a 30% chance of rain - the chance of rain is only 30%.
• in stable expressions: zero visibility - zero visibility, zero chance - zero chances.
nine0626 in phone numbers it is equally acceptable to pronounce both zero and o [əu]
• in fractions: 0.6 - zero point six.

Zero is pronounced like o [əu]:

• for years and times: 2007 - twenty o seven.
• in phone numbers, bank accounts: 051 600 30 – o five one six double o three
• in fractions: 0.8 - o point eight.

For sports, matches, championships use Nil:

• we won four-nil - we won three-nil
• we drew nil-nil - we drew

British nought/naught means "zero", "nothing". The word is outdated and almost never used, but it won't hurt to remember it. Suddenly, Elon Musk messes up something, and we fly into the past, not into the future.

Year reckoning

Cardinal numbers are used to designate years in English.

• The four-digit year is divided in half and pronounced as two separate numbers: 1996 nineteen ninety-six,

• Millenniums are pronounced in thousands:

  2020 - two thousand twenty / twenty twenty,

  22000 - two thousand,

  22007 - two thousand and seven,

  21907 - nineteen or seven,

• If there are two zeros at the end of the year, then we pronounce with hundred, that is, we count hundreds:

  1700 - seventeen hundred, 1900 - nineteen hundred.

Remember:

Preposition 9 is put before the year0614 in .

The word year is either completely omitted in the sentence, or stands before the numeral, contrary to any logic of a Russian-speaking person:

• Game of Thrones premiered in 2011

Also remember these designations, they are often found in books, textbooks and in movies:

• BC - before Christ (before Christ, - BC).
• AD - Anno Domini (after the birth of Christ, - our era). nine0004

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Fractions

Fractions - ½. The rules of writing are the same as in Russian. Recall that what is above the line is the numerator, and what is below it is the denominator.

Attention now:

1. The numerator is pronounced like a cardinal number.

2. Denominator as an ordinal number.

3. The numerator one can be read as an article a :

   • 1/14 - one fourteenth / a fourteenth

   • 1/8 - one eighth / a eighth

   • 1/3 - one third / a third

If the numerator is greater than 1, then the plural ending s is added to the ordinal denominator:

• 4/5 - four fifths
• 2/8-two eighths
• 1/2 - one half / a half
• 1/4 - one quarter / a quarter / one fourth
• 2/4 - two quarters

Remember:

When reading fractions, half is half
A quarter, one fourth

Decimals . There are a few things to remember here. In English decimal fractions, a dot is put, not a comma, and we do not pronounce fractions (tenths, hundredths, etc.). They are just called numbers. The point is also pronounced point:

• 2.26 two point twenty six
• 7.654 - seven point six five four

If there is no integer before the point, then zero is pronounced or nothing is said at all:

• 0.3 - zero point three / point three
• 0.65 - zero point six five / point six five
• 0.02 - zero point zero two / point zero two

You can also say o [əu] instead of zero.

Percentages in English do not require a plural. Percent is always singular:

• 3.3% - three point three percent
• 50% - fifty percent
• 99% - ninety-nine percent

Money

The currency designation always precedes the amount: ＄500 - $500, €200 - two hundred euros. First, the amount is pronounced, and only then the name of the currency - do not mix it up.

If the amount consists of a decimal fraction, then first we pronounce the whole number, then the currency, and at the end - the decimal part.

• € 16.55 - sixteen euros fifty five
• ＄20. 99 - twenty dollars ninety nine

If you know the name of the coin, you can insert it at the end.

Arithmetic operations

Cardinal numbers are used for counting in English.
to equal - equal to

• 2+2 = 4 - two plus two is four
• 10-5 = 5 - ten minus five equals five
• 30 x 3 = 90 - thirty multiplied by three is ninety
• 50 : 5 = 10 - fifty divided by five equals ten

The verb to be can be plural when added. And the verb to equal can be replaced by the verb to make.

• 36 + 6 = 42 - thirty six and six are forty two
• 8 + 4 = 12 - eight plus four make twelve

Let's practice

You already know how to read numbers in English. To remember all this better, try to practice a little.

1. Read aloud

• phone number: 125 - 344 - 09- 08, 566 - 321 - 007
• : 2003, 1984, 2012, 1400, 1901
• common fraction: 1/8; 1/2; 1/5; 2/3; 1/4; 2/4
• decimal: 2.39; 3.50; 1.70; 0.35; 0.08
• amount: €450, €60.88, €100, ＄78, ＄89, ＄35. 99
• example: 45 - 5 = 40, 2 x 10 = 20, 48 : 6 = 8, 78 + 8 = 86

2. Translate into English and read aloud (refer to the plate at the beginning of the article).

thirteenth, first, thirty-ninth, eighteenth, fifth, eighth, four hundred and thirty-fourth, one thousand one hundred and one, nine hundred fifty-third, eleventh, two million three hundred thousand and fourth.

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