2Nd grade reading level letter
2nd Grade / Fountas and Pinnell Reading Level Chart
-
Reading Levels
Grade Levels
A
K
B
K
1
C
K
1
D
1
E
1
F
1
G
1
H
1
2
I
1
2
J
2
K
2
L
2
3
M
2
3
N
3
O
3
4
P
3
4
Q
4
R
4
S
4
5
T
5
U
5
V
5
W
5
What Reading Level Should a Second Grader Be At?Making English Fun
Both learning to read and reading to learn are an essential developmental skill and assessment tool at all levels of education from second grader to university level. Reading levels are an integral educational tool to not just assess progress of students but also give information to help teachers, parents and educators plan to improve students reading levels.
A second grader reading level will range between 6 to 20 on RR and Pm Reading levels. There will be outlying numbers depending on the situation of individual students. Reading levels allow teachers to choose appropriate reading materials to effectively develop students reading and comprehension skills.
This what reading level should a second grader be at article will also cover the following information:
- What are reading levels and how they can be used to help your 2nd graders to improve their reading skills.
- What you can do to support your students, 2nd grade and others, to progress.
- Reading skills and concepts that students will learn in second grade.
- Links to our 2nd grade reading resources ( and other resources)
If you are looking for worksheets for grade 2 we have a large collection here in the article below.
What Is a Reading Level?
There are multiple different programs and tools to assess students reading levels. The majority of these reading level assessments all share common indicators. They assess the comprehension, pronunciation, decoding and fluency ability of a student of English while they are reading a short leveled text.
Second graders are highly unlikely to be reading at a seventh grader level and it would not be useful or effective to have them reading the same materials. At this stage, in second grade, there is still more emphasis on reading skills and the actual mechanics of reading.
Reading comprehension is included in 2nd grader lessons but it is introduced as their hard reading skills become more developed. It is impossible for them to understand something they cant actually read!
Scholastic, have detailed information on the different reading level assessments and programs which, as highlighted above, all have commonalities. They do of course have difference as well, with some like Lexile concentrating on word count or difficultly of words and others like the PM benchmark looking at simplicity of both words and sentence construction.
Different schools, regions and educational systems will use different reading assessment tools, but the chart below offers a handy comparison to help both teachers and parents when it comes to choosing reading materials.
The different systems can be confusing at first and when choosing what reading levels books to choose for 2nd grade classrooms it is definitely of use to spend some time with both your reading resources and the chart to make sure they fit the reading level of your students.
We use this chart in all our reading level articles.
Many Guided reading publishers have developed their own systems as well.
- Scholastic Guided Level Reading Program
- CCSS Lexile Recommendations
- DRA Level
- PM Benchmark
For both ease and continuity, ( as we have used this Reading level assesment tool in our other reading level articles) we will use the DRA reading level today.
What is the DRA Reading Levels Assessment.The DRA ( Developmental Reading Assessment) is a reading skill assessment tool that aims to evaluate students reading levels to enable teachers and parents to assess students reading skills including fluency, comprehension and phonics. They aim to discover the independent and instructional reading level of students.
What is an Instructional Reading Level?
Instructional Reading level is the reading level directly below independent. Students should be able to comprehend and decode upwards of 80% of the text at an instructional level. This level can vary between students and also between subjects as students have interest and motivators that differ.
What is an Independent Reading Level?
An independent reading level is a level of reading ability that allows students to read texts without assistance from teachers or parents. When reading this level of text students will be able to decode over 90% of words and answer increasingly complex comprehension questions independently.
What is a Frustration Reading Level?
Frustration level reading can be defined as text that are to complex for a students current reading level. Texts at this level will not help progress students to higher levels, conversely attempting to read at this level will demotivate students and hinder their development of reading skills.
In 2nd grade, as well as other grades, classrooms and homes teachers and parents should aim at using an instructional reading level. This enables students to comprehend and therefore engage with texts with minimal assistance, and gives them the motivation to see they are doing well, but still have the support and guidance of teachers and parents.
Guided reading, for which we have many articles and resources, is an excellent way of introducing text at this levels to small groups of 2nd graders. In fact is it more beneficial to introduce guided reading at this stage as students have matured and are becoming more independent. Check out the links to know more. We have an article here on what age you can start teaching guided reading.
What 2nd Graders Learn Throughout the Year.
As we mentioned above a second grader can be reading from about reading level 6 to level 20. However please don’t worry if your students or children are below this, or be to confident if they are above this.
As time progresses so will your students reading levels. Just aim to to the best job you can, and provide them with appropriate leveled 2nd grade materials and the time to cover them.
The next section covers what skills they will learn to help them improve their reading levels through out the second grade.
Note: Children develop at very different speeds, and different learning environments will impact. If English is a second language, or if there are other demands on students or parents time will all play a part. Be assured that in the vast majority of cases, with a little planning, all students progress and develop their reading skills.
What Reading Skills They Will Learn in Second Grade
Although we mentioned in our What level should a first grader be at article, that an essential part of learning and reading in first grade is comprehension, this is not just a face value statement. In First grade there is a focus on shared reading or story telling which is undertaken in whole class or larger groups. This asks students to read together more than in small groups.
They have to retell stories and predict outcomes and books will be fairly formulaic story books with similar phonic and sentence structures. In Second grade, as mentioned above, emphasis can be moved on to guided reading sessions.
According to Reading Rockets, a second grader will be focusing on the following English and reading skills. We have put this information in a table to provide resources for FREE download to help you as well.
Vowels and long vowels will be introduced in greater detail in second grade including Silent E, and some alternative spellings like diphthongs and vowel digraphs. The teaching of these will help students increase their decoding skills and improve their vocabulary.
Punctuation is another essential part of the second grade year. Exclamation points, question marks, periods might be introduced in some grade one classrooms, but will certainly make an appearance in second grade classrooms.
Semicolons and colons might be introduced in more advanced lessons or towards the end of the year. you can find some punctuation worksheets here and on the link in the table above.
Reading and writing skills such and conjunctions, pronouns will be built on and by now capitalization will have been covered so revising that may be necessary if you notice your children or students forgetting or not using this. We have some worksheets here and in the table above if you need. Pronouns are likely to be expanded on as well.
- 10%
Amazon.com
Phonics Flash Cards - Learn to Read in 20 Phonic Stages - Digraphs CVC Blends...
$17.99 $19.99
BUY NOW
- 31%
Amazon.com
Learning Resources Sight Word Swat a Sight Words Game - 114 Pieces, Ages 5+...
$12.25 $17.99
BUY NOW
Amazon.com
Sight Words Level 2 Bingo Game
$13. 99
BUY NOW
Sentences and constructing sentence will become more important in second grade. Reading materials will include more complex versions and teachers and parents can use reading levels to gain appropriate levels of text for their students and children. We have some on the site for free, and in addition we also have sentence making and sentence scramble worksheets as well (link)
However some of the best ways to engage 2nd graders is through online games. By this time they will have become aware of tablets and phones being help in parents and siblings hands. We have articles on some of the best online games, and have a page that has all the ones we make as well. These are free to play and very popular and certainly add motivation to your lessons!
What Can Teachers Do to Improve Reading Levels at 2nd Grade.
Teachers can develop a love of reading in classrooms and encourage students to take control of their own learning as well.
- Have a selection of levelled suitable for 2nd graders covering fiction and NON fiction texts.
- Make sure there is a mix of text types and text subjects.
- Try to have a corner in the classroom for quiet reading.
- Mix up ways of presenting resources, online games, worksheets readers etc.
- Read stories and continue doing story time, many children don’t get chance to experience this enough.
- Display reading strategies and phonics strategies on walls for students to reference. ( also put in their day books or on desks)
- Run Guided reading lessons. ( you can get information on this here)
What Language Will Books at Grade Two Reading Levels Contain?
During students second grade year, Language contained in reading resources will move from three to four letter words and start to include fairly familiar longer words and two or three syllable words. Common words will be used like days of the week, hobbies, weather and more o help increase vocabulary.
Parents.com suggests asking your child questions about books, stories, and sentences that they’re reading. This allows them to process information as they are reading and to move from just learning words to attaching meaning to them. Our reading materials include 3 to 5 questions to help with this. These can be asked verbally or they can complete them as a worksheet post reading.
This is taken from our Reading for first grade article but applies across all grades.
- Break down every word into individual letters. If there’s a combination (sh, th, ough), separate it into its own chunk. This starts to introduce syllables to students.
- Focus on words that they already know how to say. If they’re familiar with the word, they’ll be able to use contextual clues to figure out how to read it.
- Don’t study for too long. Short 15-minute study sessions hold their interest long enough to prevent reading from becoming a boring chore. Little and often is better.
- Use the resources from school and online to supplement these skills. you can access using the following links the 1000s of reading resources on our site for free and premium downloads.
How Can Parents Help Their Second Grader Develop a Love for Reading?
Parents, especially at first and second grade, play a vital role in helping your child become interested in reading. Story telling, appropriate reading resources and books in the house will all help. However we have a list below to help you gather some ideas as well.
Here’s a list of ways that you can help your second grader develop a love for reading:
- Find reading material that they’re interested in. For example, if they love animals or nature , choose those books over anything else. Also allow them to choose as well. It’s not the concept that matters; It’s the words found throughout the reading that makes a big difference. We have some leveled reading material aimed at young learners here. However sites like Starfall offer online stories that may help as well.
- Offer incentives for their reading. Although the aim is to have them choose to read for fun all things start slowly and build momentum. If you can associate reading with enjoyment and reward (extrinsic in the first place) then they will start to enjoy reading and learning for its own merits.
- Picture books can keep your child’s interest . If you stop reading after 15 to 20 minutes, they’ll be begging to jump back into the material. Its great bonding time as well
- Use alternative texts, screen magazines etc. Children can be introduced to different text types to show there are reading opportunities everywhere.
- Ask what your children are covering in school. If you ask their teachers they will be happy to share and offer advice on how to help your second grader progress as well as they can.
- Take a look at using online games to diversify how you introduce learning and reading.
Children are always seeking out new opportunities to learn. Parents can simply guide them to make sure there is a little structure to their learning. Using their interests to guide their reading means they are learning about topics they like and improving their reading. As they progress so with their reading levels.
Finally
We have covered the average reading levels for second graders in native classrooms, of course there will be some difference in ESL or other classrooms. They key takeaway from all of this is that children will progress at their own speed. you can help them on their reading journey but you shouldn’t force them
Reading should be a joy not a chore.
Here’s a quick recap of the post:
- Second graders typically fall between a 6 to 20 reading level.
- Focus on reading for fun, decoding skills, and comprehension.
- Follow their interests, it helps motivate them to read
- Use additional resources and activities to engage and inspire them
if you are looking for other grades reading levels then we have these in the table below.
Other Grades Average Reading Levels.
We have a selection of articles on reading level expectations for different grades below.
Sources
- Scholastic – Learn About Leveled Reading
- Reading A to Z – Levelled Books
- Amazon Second Grade Reading.
Hi I’m Marc. A teacher of over 15 years, English, General Studies and Outdoor Education. Thought it was about time to sharing both what I have learnt during that time and the resources I have put together. On this site we aim to teach the theory and share our thoughts, but also go that one step further and give you access to the hard resources you need for your class or for you children
Like this:
Like Loading. ..
Making English Fun!
I have been a teacher of English for over 15 years, in that time i made hundreds and thousands of resources and learnt so much i think its worth sharing. Hopefully to help teachers and parents around the world.
texts to test reading technique - NAUMENOK
It is desirable to test the formation of reading skills 3 times a year: at the beginning of the academic year, at the end of the first half of the year and at the end of the fourth quarter. But sometimes the teacher prefers to check the reading technique at the end of each quarter.
The reading technique test includes not only reading speed, but also reading accuracy, comprehension and expressiveness. I wrote about this in more detail in article 9.0005 "How to test a child's reading technique."
- Special texts are selected to test the reading technique.
- The text should be unfamiliar to the child, but understandable.
- Sentences should be short, without any complicating constructions or signs.
- It is better if the text for checking reading is without illustrations and dialogues so that children do not get distracted while reading.
- Text must be placed on one page.
- While reading the text, you can not interrupt the child, correct mistakes. After completing the reading, you need to return to those words that caused difficulty or were read incorrectly and ask the child to read them again. In the process of reading, a first grader can follow the text with his finger so as not to lose the line.
- To test reading comprehension, you need to ask a few questions about the text.
Reading technique norm in grade 2
1st half year
Reading is correct, conscious, in whole words. There is a logical emphasis.
Reading pace - 40-50 words per minute.
2 semester
Meaningful, correct reading of whole words, observing pauses, intonations and logical stresses.
Reading pace - 50-60 words per minute.
These texts can be used not only to test the child's reading skills, but also for retelling. How to teach a child to retell can be found in the article “Teaching a child to retell”.
2nd grade reading test
Sparrow thermometer
My birds don't sit around. Sparrows show my temperature like thermometers.
In the morning just look out the window at the feeder and I already know whether it is warm or cold outside. If the sparrows are smooth and lean, it means that it is warm outside, and if they are plump and disheveled, like inflated balls, then the frost is crackling, take care of your ears and nose!
And if only the sparrows let me down. (According to N. Sladkov)
(58 words)
Questions:
- How does the author recognize the weather from sparrows?
- What do sparrows look like when it's warm outside?
- In what weather do sparrows fluff their feathers?
Flower clock
The children made a flower clock at the camp. Poppies were planted along the edge of the flower bed. They wake up first. A carnation was placed nearby. She opens the petals after the poppy. Behind the carnation are marigolds. They bloom during the day. The last thing in the flowerbed was fragrant tobacco. It shows evening time.
Sunflowers were planted in the center of the flower bed. Their golden heads face the sun all day long. Sunflowers will be the hands of the clock. (According to V. Vetlipa)
(60 words)
Questions:
- Which flower wakes up first?
- Where did sunflowers grow and why?
Hedgehog
A gray hedgehog went for a walk in the forest on a dark night. I saw a red cranberry and pricked it on a gray needle. I saw a yellow fox and also pricked it.
Finally noticed a blue star in a blue puddle. I also wanted to prick - but nothing happened. The hedgehog thought, thought, and covered it with a burlap: let it lie down until morning.
In the morning, instead of a blue star, I found a red sun under the burlap. Here the hedgehog laughed. (G. Tsiferov)
(61 words)
Questions:
- When did the hedgehog go for a walk?
- What did the hedgehog find?
- What has the blue star turned into in the morning?
Beavers
A big beaver came out on the shore. The tail is thick and flat, like a shovel. The front legs are shorter than the hind legs.
He examined a young aspen, grabbed the trunk with his front paws, and began to gnaw. The beaver worked quickly. The tree collapsed.
The beaver bit the branches and dragged them to the water. He moved quickly, deftly. Soon the beaver appeared again and went to the tree.
Hills rose on the shore. The beavers covered the branches of the trees with mud. These were the dwellings of the beavers. (According to Yu. Dmitriev)
(61 words)
Questions:
- What does a beaver's tail look like?
- What tree was the beaver eating?
- What do beaver dwellings look like?
The eagle
The eagle made his nest on the high road, far from the sea, and brought out the children.
Once people were working near a tree, and an eagle flew up to the nest with a big fish in its claws. People saw the fish, surrounded the tree, shouted and threw stones at the eagle.
The eagle dropped the fish, and the people picked it up and left.
The eagle sat on the edge of the nest, and the eaglets raised their heads and began to squeak: they asked for food.
(65 words)
Questions:
- Where did the eagle make his nest?
- For whom did the eagle catch the fish?
- How did the people act?
Ducklings and a dragonfly
Every morning the hostess brought a plate full of chopped eggs to the ducklings. She put the plate near the bush, and she left.
As soon as the ducklings ran to the plate, a large dragonfly flew out of the garden. She chirped terribly. The ducklings ran away and hid in the grass. They were afraid that the dragonfly would bite them all.
And the evil dragonfly sat on the plate, tasted the food and then flew away. After that, the ducklings did not approach the plate for a whole day. (According to E. Zhitkov)
(68 words)
Questions:
- What did the hostess feed the ducklings with?
- Who scared the kids?
- What did the ducklings do when the dragonfly flew away?
Mole
In a forest clearing, heaps of loose earth, like small beds. But who is digging the earth here?
Suddenly the grass began to stir up ahead. I froze, and the earth began to rise in a mound.
Two wide paws with claws appeared, wet nose. Well, of course it's a mole.
I looked out into the white light and again dived into the depths. And in the clearing there was a fresh pile of earth, like a small garden bed. Seeds fly from the trees, fall on the plowed land. A birch or pine will grow here. (According to E. Shim)
(70 words)
Questions:
- What did the mole look like?
- What did the animal do?
- What are the benefits of moles?
Squirrel
A squirrel built a nest on a tall pine tree in the forest. Everything is round, closed, and on one side a loophole is left so that you can climb inside.
The squirrel is a clever animal. All day long, from knot to knot, from tree to tree, he jumps - where he picks a berry, where a fir cone. And autumn will come - then the squirrel will begin to prepare supplies for the winter. Either he will hang the mushrooms to dry, or he will hide the nuts in a hollow. It's cold, hungry in winter, so supplies will come in handy for the squirrel. (At V. Chaplin)
(70 words)
Questions:
- Where did the squirrel make a nest?
- What shape is the squirrel's nest?
- What stores does a squirrel make for the winter?
Morning rays
A wonderful sun came up to the sky. It began to scatter its golden rays.
The first beam hit the lark's nest. The lark fluttered out of its nest. He rose into the sky and sang a wonderful song.
The second beam hit the bunny. The bunny ran to get dewy grass for breakfast.
The third beam hit the chicken coop. The rooster flapped its wings and woke up the hens. They started looking for worms.
The fourth ray hit the hive. A bee buzzed, crawled out of the hive and flew off to collect honey from fragrant flowers. (According to K. Ushinsky)
(72 words)
Questions:
- What did the lark do?
- Who was hit by the second ray of sun?
- Who was awakened by the third ray?
- What did the bee do?
Hands
Look at your hands. Look at them with respect.
Here is the table. You are sitting at the table. Here is the desk. You are learning at the desk. Here is the window. Through it you look at the street.
A book, a house, bread, a dress, a coat - all this was made by human hands. They can grow bread, build a house, write a book, throw a ball into a net, send a spaceship to the moon. Everything can be done, everything can be done by human hands. And a person must respect the work of his own hands and the work of another person. (According to L. Kassil)
(75 words)
Questions:
- What can human hands do?
- How should one treat hands and work?
Frosty patterns
It got very cold during the night. It's a frosty morning. Patterns appeared on the glass. Rays of sunlight played on the glass with multi-colored lights.
Here is a long palm branch. Here is a wonderful flower. The snowy pattern is beautiful both in the brilliance of the morning sun and in the blue of the winter evening.
Where did the snow patterns come from? Moroz Ivanovich draws them. How does he draw them? Transparent steam, which is always in the air.
Warm water vapor settles on the cold glass of the window. They freeze. Other droplets stick to them. A garden of ice gradually grows on the window. The garden sparkles in the winter sun. (According to M. Gumilevskaya)
(82 words)
Questions:
- What do frost patterns look like?
- How are they formed?
Harvest Festival
In autumn, the villagers held a harvest festival. Tables were placed from end to end of the main street. There are baskets with bulk apples, juicy pears, and various vegetables on the tables.
Heads of cabbage came from the gardens for the harvest festival. Forty clothes and all without fasteners. Behind them are carrots. Whoever eats carrots will get more blood. And here is the beetroot - a master of blushing cheeks. Cucumbers, turnips, radishes, potatoes - all vegetables in the collection.
Each vegetable is good in its own way. Everyone stocked up for the winter with the summer sun, summer rains, and took from the earth a particle of its great strength. (According to I. Strelkova)
(88 words)
Questions:
- When did the residents organize a harvest festival?
- What vegetables did you bring to the holiday?
- What did vegetables stock up on over the summer?
Spring
In the morning a spring was born in the field. As soon as the sun has risen, the grass has not yet dried up, and the bee is already flying to work to collect juice from flowers. The bee says to the fontanel:
— Spring, spring, where did you come from?
— I don't know, I'm still small.
— Spring, spring, — says the bee, — give me some water to drink.
- Drink your fill, please.
The bee got drunk, thanked and flew away.
The fontanel got stronger, gurgled more cheerfully. The sun rose high above the horizon.
A titmouse flew by, she saw him and asked:
— Spring, spring, where did you come from?
- Drink your fill, please.
The titmouse bird drank water, thanked him and flew off on his own business. And the fontanel became bigger, brighter, stronger.
The sun rose above the horizon, it became quite warm in the field. (According to V. Belov)
(107 words)
Questions:
- Who was the first to see the spring?
- What was the fontanel?
- How did the fontanel become?
If the child's reading technique is below the norm, then he will not be able to study well. It is necessary to improve the quality of reading and reading comprehension. To do this, you need to read a lot (which is very difficult with poor reading quality) or use special techniques and exercises, because. The reasons for bad reading can be different.
Slow readers and children who are struggling to improve their reading speed can be helped by using syllabary reading or, much more effectively, by using an integrated approach that includes various professional techniques.
To do this, I suggest you use the books:
THE BIG BOOK OF SYLLING TABLES is
- a ready-made tool for training reading and speed reading skills;
- 200 syllabic tables of different levels of complexity;
- professional spreadsheet technique.
The most effective methods will allow each table to be used repeatedly several times, increasing the child's interest in reading.
Working with these syllabic tables the child will receive:
- improved reading skills;
- increased reading speed;
- improved diction;
- reading comprehension;
- development of thinking and attention;
- vocabulary expansion;
- increased self-confidence.
The child will stop stumbling over difficult words while reading. The reading process will become natural and painless.
You can easily print the pages you need. All pages of the book can be used separately.
THE BIG BOOK OF SAYLING TABLES is suitable for those who are just taking their first steps in reading, and for those who want to significantly improve the quality of reading.
Syllabaries help children develop their speed reading skills. But it often happens that a child gets stuck at a reading speed of 10-20 words per minute. It is important to track this moment in time and start immediately performing the necessary exercises.
I have created a training that will help you overcome this barrier without much difficulty. It is convenient to use both at home and when working with the whole class. A variety of tasks will not let children get bored, and parents and teachers will not have to select the necessary material for a long time and torment children with an exhausting, incredibly difficult process at this stage - reading.
Download TRAINING "Speed Reading and Speech Development"
Together with the training you will receive a small book as a gift - 20 syllabic tables for practicing reading skills (they do not repeat the tables of a large book).
O. Naumova "Noisy texts for reading and retelling"
Good reading and writing skills depend on the child's visual perception and attention.
The better the child recognizes visual images, the better he reads and writes more competently.
Working with noisy texts engages the child's brain as much as possible and greatly increases the productivity of classes. At the same time, there is a development of figurative thinking, attention, memory, the ability to understand what is read.
In the book you will find:
- Noisy texts with questions;
- Texts with questions for reading, retelling, checking reading technique;
- Method of working with noisy texts;
- High productivity options;
- Exercises for developing speech and reading comprehension.
As a result, the child:
- reading speed increases;
- attention and memory develop;
- conscious reading skills are developed;
- develop self-control skills;
- speech develops;
- the number of writing errors decreases;
- the process of writing summaries and essays is facilitated;
- improvement of educational performance.
Suitable for individual and group lessons.
Easy to print and use.
The Noisy Texts book series consists of three parts.
Texts differ in the number of words, complexity and degree of noise.
It is desirable to work on all three levels of difficulty.
Level 1
Number of words in texts 25-55. A simple noisemaker.
Download
Level 2
Number of words in texts 35-75. Inclined skimmer.
Download
Level 3
Number of words in texts 45-95. Complicated noise.
Download
Also:
Come to
Bookshop for useful books!
Sincerely, Olga Naumova
Thank you for sharing this article on social networks!
Formation of reading and writing skills in children.
Formation of reading and writing skills in children.About the center
Contacts
Municipal state institution
"Center for ensuring the activities of educational institutions"
Oct 20, 2016 10:46:00 AM
MORE IN THIS CATEGORY
2019
Logic exercises for the development of speech of older preschoolers
12 Dec. 2019
Developing phonemic awareness
12 Dec. 2019
What should the parents of a child with speech comprehension deficiencies do?
Dec 10 2019
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
9 Dec. 2019
School stress and resilience
Reading and writing skills must be developed for successful learning. The process of reading, as well as the process of writing, is complex, integral, multimodal, that is, a process in which there are many components. Understanding is the next step in pure reading technology. First, the child must master the technique of reading, only then there will be understanding. If you do not form a reading technique, the process of understanding goes away, the so-called mechanical reading arises.
Today we are talking about as read, about the quality of reading.
Reading at its primary stage, at the stage of formation of reading technology, our well-known psychologist BD Elkonin characterized as "the process of recreating the sound form of words according to their graphic model." This means that the child must see the letter, differentiate the letter, determine which letter it is, and then he must see, differentiate and determine the next letter. And only if the time of recognition of the second letter will not be more than the time of forgetting the previous one, there will be no forgetting, the child will be able to recognize the syllable. And the child goes through these stages for a long time.
Reading is not a process that can be formed quickly. Information saturation, the pace that we give to the child, has grown incredibly. And the possibilities of the child remained the same.
Stages of formation of reading skills
The first stage is analytical . This is the isolation of the element and the mastery of the elements of individual actions in the process of reading. This structure of understanding is included in the structure of activity in reading.
Second Stage - Synthetic when separate actions are combined, for example, when the child is no longer so intensely fixing his attention on determining what letter it is. The process of reading requires a certain level of development of voluntary regulation of activity.
The third stage - when a formed integral activity is performed, when the letters are differentiated quickly, and merging occurs when the child reads the word and understands its meaning. But this is the third stage, and it becomes automated by 9-10 years. Before that, everything the child can do is possible, but possible at a slow pace, the child's natural pace of activity.
Is it possible to immediately teach a child to read silently? You can't right away. And there is the ingenious in its simplicity experience of Alexander Romanovich Luria and our psychologist Evgeny Vasilyevich Guryanov, who showed that in children of grades 1-2, if we remove articulation during dictation, do not allow them to pronounce, the number of errors in writing increases up to 7 times. That is, at the first stages of learning to read and write, when sound-letter analysis is very important, pronunciation is very important. We have no right to teach a child to read silently. But from about the 3rd grade, maybe individually, maybe at a very slow pace, the child needs to be taught to switch to reading silently. And this is a different reading mechanism. This is information supplied to the visual analyzer, it happens in a completely different way.
So, the child goes through the first, second and third stages of the formation of reading skills at his own individual pace. If we violate the first stage, then it is very difficult for us to talk about the formation of the second and third. At the first stage, each element of the letter is tracked. At the first stage, parents often say: he knows the letters, he does not want to read. Doesn't want to, still can't! Only by the age of 9-10 are mechanisms of arbitrary regulation of activity, organization of attention formed. After all, in order to concentrate, in order to differentiate, you need not to be distracted. You need to concentrate.
If we say, that is very important, which functions of are of paramount importance, so that the reading skill is formed, I would single out two main ones - this is visual-spatial orientation and organization of attention . As long as the child does not have an organization of attention, he will not read, but, of course, he will also have a good working memory, otherwise there will be no understanding.
The ABC is built in such a way that all the functions necessary for this process are formed, from articulation exercises to finger gymnastics. Everything is in the game, in a short work, in an activity that is interesting, adequate for age. If the process of preparing the child is built adequately, the child will definitely read, will read correctly, with pleasure. If the reading mechanism is formed incorrectly, it is almost impossible to break it.
Reasons for difficulties in learning to read and write:
- Unfavorable environmental conditions in which the child grows and develops. These unfavorable conditions often become the cause of not very good health of the mother, the cause of the pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, as a result of which a child is born with a developmental dysfunction of the brain.
- Socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions . Sociocultural conditions of development greatly influence the development of the child before school and largely determine the problems that he may have at school. We are well aware that many problems are not problems of children aged 6-7, but problems of their early development. The sooner we understand how we can help the child, the more effective the result can be. Forced education of a child at the stage of preschool age does not stimulate development, but can slow it down. It is necessary to understand this very well. Everything that we demand from a child must be adequate to his age.
- School risk factors. First of all, these are stress, and stress not of interpersonal relationships, but stress of time limitation. Stress time constraints in the formation of these skills. Read faster, think faster - this is stress that has the most detrimental effect on educational achievements, slows them down, but, most importantly, it first causes borderline mental health disorders, then psychosomatic illnesses and worsens the physical condition of the child. The second factor is high intensification of the educational process. One is related to the other. We arrange a race because the educational process is intensified. The number of hours for literacy training has almost halved.
Risk groups:
- Frequently ill children.
- Slow children are children with a special organization of the nervous system. These children have an individual pace of activity. They are more slowly included in the work, more slowly disconnected from the previous activity.
- Hyperactive children means mobile, impulsive, most often inattentive. These children have impaired organization of activities, concentration of attention, and in order to learn to read, in order to master the primary technology of reading, you need to be able to concentrate. As a rule, hyperactive children have a lot of mistakes when reading, teachers say that they are in a hurry, skipping, skipping words, often confusing letters that are close in configuration, etc.
Learn more