Basic sight words

Top 100 Sight Words and How to Teach Them

Sight words is a common term in reading that  has a variety of meanings. When it is applied to early reading instruction, it typically refers to the set of about 100 words that keeps reappearing on almost any page of text. “Who, the, he, were, does, their, me, be” are a few examples.

In addition to their being very frequent, many of these words cannot be “sounded out.” Children are expected to learn them by sight (that is, by looking at them and recognizing them, without any attempt to sound them out.)

Unfortunately, this means minimal teaching. Often, little is done other than to show the word and tell the child what it is “saying.” For many children, this is not enough, with the result that their reading of these critical words is laden with error.

What does this mean for parents who are helping their children master reading? Basically it means spending some time in truly teaching these words so that your child gains real mastery of them. The key to achieving this goal is accurate writing (spelling)—via memory. That is, the child writes the word when the model is not in view.

You can do this by creating simple sentences that the child reads. (By using sentences, you will automatically be using many “sight words.” In addition, you will be giving your child the opportunity to deal with words in context—a key to meaningful reading) After showing the sentence and having your child read it, turn it over and then dictate the sentence. If there is an error, you immediately stop your child and take away the paper. Then you show the model again and repeat the process. In other words, the writing of the sentence has to be fully accurate, starting with the first word.

If you want a list of those words to help guide your efforts, here is the top 100 according to the American Heritage Word Frequency Book by John B. Carroll.

A: a, an, at, are, as, at, and, all, about, after

B: be, by, but, been

C: can, could, called

D: did, down, do

E: each

F: from, first, find, for

H: he, his, had, how, has, her, have, him

I: in, I, if, into, is, it, its

J: just

K: know

L: like, long, little

M: my, made, may, make, more, many, most,

N: not, no, now

O: or, one, of, out, other, over, only, on

P: people

S: said, she,  some, so, see

T: the, to, they, this, there, them, then, these, two, time, than, that, their

U: up, use

V: very

W: was, with, what, were, when, we, which, will, would, words, where, water, who, way

Y: you, your

Click here to download our Recommended Top 100 Sight Words.

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Dolch Sight Words List | Sight Words: Teach Your Child to Read

All the Dolch sight word lists, divided by grade, also available as printable PDFs.

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Five techniques for teaching Dolch sight words. Learn proven ways to introduce words, reinforce learning, and correct mistakes.

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Print a set of Dolch sight word flash cards, or use our generator to create your own custom cards.

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Print cards and game boards for 18 Dolch sight word games. A fun way to reinforce sight words lessons!

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The Dolch Sight Words list is the most commonly used set of sight words. Educator Dr. Edward William Dolch developed the list in the 1930s-40s by studying the most frequently occurring words in children’s books of that era. The list contains 220 “service words” plus 95 high-frequency nouns. These words comprise 80% of the words you would find in a typical children’s book and 50% of the words found in writing for adults. Once a child knows this list of words, it makes reading much easier, because the child can then focus his or her attention on the remaining words.

The Dolch words are commonly divided into groups by grade level, ranging from pre-kindergarten to third grade, with a separate list of nouns. There are a total of 315 Dolch Sight Words.

• Pre-K Dolch Sight Words
  (40 words)

  a, and, away, big, blue, can, come, down, find, for, funny, go, help, here, I, in, is, it, jump, little, look, make, me, my, not, one, play, red, run, said, see, the, three, to, two, up, we, where, yellow, you

• Kindergarten Dolch Sight Words
  (52 words)

  all, am, are, at, ate, be, black, brown, but, came, did, do, eat, four, get, good, have, he, into, like, must, new, no, now, on, our, out, please, pretty, ran, ride, saw, say, she, so, soon, that, there, they, this, too, under, want, was, well, went, what, white, who, will, with, yes

• First Grade Dolch Sight Words
  (41 words)

  after, again, an, any, as, ask, by, could, every, fly, from, give, going, had, has, her, him, his, how, just, know, let, live, may, of, old, once, open, over, put, round, some, stop, take, thank, them, then, think, walk, were, when

• Second Grade Dolch Sight Words
  (46 words)

  always, around, because, been, before, best, both, buy, call, cold, does, don’t, fast, first, five, found, gave, goes, green, its, made, many, off, or, pull, read, right, sing, sit, sleep, tell, their, these, those, upon, us, use, very, wash, which, why, wish, work, would, write, your

• Third Grade Dolch Sight Words
  (41 words)

  about, better, bring, carry, clean, cut, done, draw, drink, eight, fall, far, full, got, grow, hold, hot, hurt, if, keep, kind, laugh, light, long, much, myself, never, only, own, pick, seven, shall, show, six, small, start, ten, today, together, try, warm

• Noun Dolch Sight Words
  (95 words)

  apple, baby, back, ball, bear, bed, bell, bird, birthday, boat, box, boy, bread, brother, cake, car, cat, chair, chicken, children, Christmas, coat, corn, cow, day, dog, doll, door, duck, egg, eye, farm, farmer, father, feet, fire, fish, floor, flower, game, garden, girl, goodbye, grass, ground, hand, head, hill, home, horse, house, kitty, leg, letter, man, men, milk, money, morning, mother, name, nest, night, paper, party, picture, pig, rabbit, rain, ring, robin, Santa Claus, school, seed, sheep, shoe, sister, snow, song, squirrel, stick, street, sun, table, thing, time, top, toy, tree, watch, water, way, wind, window, wood

• All Dolch Sight Words by group
• All Dolch Sight Words in alphabetical order

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How to determine the perfect and imperfect form of the verb?

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Harry Potter's girlfriend used the time-wheel to be in two places at the same time. Different types of verbs will help to describe the actions of Miss Granger. There are only two of them: perfect and imperfect. Let's talk about them in more detail.

Basic Definitions

First, let's remember what a verb is.

The verb is a part of speech that designates an action or state as a process and expresses this meaning using the categories of aspect, voice, mood, tense and person.

Verbs answer questions: what to do? what to do? what have you been doing? What did you do? what do they do? what will do?

Examples of verbs:

The form in Russian is a constant grammatical feature of verbs, which is possessed by conjugated verbs, infinitives, gerunds and participles. It shows how some action of the verb proceeds in time:

• completed and one-time (read, passed)

• unfinished and repeatable (lives, does).

What types of verbs are there in Russian:

Now we will learn what a perfect and imperfect form of a verb is and give examples of perfect and imperfect verbs.

Demo lesson in Russian

Take the test at the introductory lesson and find out what topics separate you from the "five" in Russian.

Perfective verbs

Perfective verbs in indefinite form answer the question: what to do?

Perfective verbs have two tense forms:

In any tense form they call:

• an action that is limited by some limit;

• result, completion of an action or a separate stage.

Examples of perfective verbs:

• what did you do? sat down - past tense, the action is completed and was done once, that is, it was not repeated;

• what will they do? they will talk - the future simple tense, the action will be done and will not be repeated.

• what to do? close, pay, perform;

• what to do? identify, answer, simplify.

Perfective verbs can also denote actions that have already begun or are about to begin: I spoke, I will speak.

Imperfect verbs

Imperfect verbs in the indefinite form answer the question: what to do?

Imperfective verbs have three tenses:

They denote:

In any tense, they denote a repeated or ongoing action, without indicating whether the action has been completed.

Examples of imperfective verbs:

• what did you do? jumped - past tense, the action could be repeated several times and it is not known whether the result was achieved;

• what are they doing? they are watching - the present tense, the action continues and it is not known how long the action has been going on and how long it will continue;

• what shall I do? I will dance - the future is a difficult time, the action can be repeated and there are no signs that it will be completed.

• what to do? talk, paint, run;

• what to do? drag, go.

Imperfective verbs can also denote actions that have begun, are beginning or will begin: I looked, I look, I will light.

Now we know what questions are answered by perfective and imperfective verbs. And here is a cheat sheet to fix and learn the difference of two types:

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Formation of verb types

Perfective verbs can be formed from imperfective verbs in different ways.

Ways of education:

• Adding a prefix: read - read, sit - sit up.

• Dropping suffixes: give - give, save - save.

• Replacement of suffixes: decide - decide, jump - jump.

• Replacement of suffixes and alternation of letters in the root: forgive - forgive, wither - wither.

When forming imperfective verbs, the alternation of consonants and vowels is possible at the root: be late - be late, state - state, protect - protect.

Learn Russian at the Skysmart online school with attentive teachers and interesting examples from modern texts.

Determine the form of the verb

If you are in doubt how to understand what kind of verb you have: perfect or imperfect, use these methods:

Now you can easily tell your classmates how to determine the form of a verb in Russian.

Examples of pairs of perfective and imperfective verbs

Aspective pair are verbs that have a perfective and imperfective form.

Some Russian verbs have the same lexical meaning, but differ in the grammatical meaning of the form. For example: what to do? decide what to do? decide.

Such aspectual pairs differ in the way of word formation:

1. Through the suffix: quit - throw, meet - meet, offend - offend, reach - achieve, decide - decide.

2. Through the prefix: cook - cook, call - name, work - process, speak - talk, read - finish reading.

The aspectual pairs of verbs may differ:

• Emphasized.

  fall asleep - fall asleep, cut - cut.

• Roots.

  what to do? catch - what to do? to catch;

  put - put;

  to invest - to invest;

  to take - to take;

  search - find.

The aspect of the verb may depend on the context of the sentence. For example:

• She is now (what is she doing?) sleeping with a friend. — Present tense, imperfective form.

• Tomorrow (what will she do?) she is staying with a friend. — Future tense, perfect form.

Such verbs are called two-part verbs, they include: telegraph, take possession, spend the night, injure, marry, execute, promise, use, attack and others. Two aspect verbs can denote both a complete action and an action in length.

Table of perfect and imperfect verbs

Russian cheat sheets for parents

All the rules of the Russian language at hand

What are the types of phrases? Table with examples

Everything starts with words: to convey our idea, we combine words with each other into phrases and form sentences. In this article, we will learn what types of phrases are and consider examples.

Phrase concept

Phrase is a combination of two or more independent words that are related in meaning and grammatically. As part of the sentence, it performs a communicative function.

If we compare a phrase and a word, then the first more accurately names an object, sign, phenomenon, action.

In a phrase, there is always one main word, and the other is dependent, and you can ask a question to it from the main word.

The relationship between the main and dependent word can be expressed as follows:

• by ending: black (what?) spot; a gift (to whom?) to mom;

• with the help of an ending and a preposition: a letter (to whom?) to a friend;

• meaning: runs (how?) fast.

Demo lesson in Russian

Take the test at the introductory lesson and find out what topics separate you from the "five" in Russian.

The main types of phrases

By the number of components, phrases can be simple and complex.

Simple phrases is a construction of one main and one dependent component: talking about life, sitting on a chair.

Compound are phrases that consist of three or more components. Compound phrases are of three types:

1. phrases with sequential subordination: run very fast;

2. word-combinations with parallel subordination: the famous work of the poet;

3. combined phrases with serial and parallel submission: spend an evening with good friends.

There are three types of connection between words in a phrase: about an interesting event;