Capital letter of the alphabet

Sanya whistled to Bug and went along the overgrown path into the forest.

In a famous folk tale, a cunning the fox fooled the stupid wolf.

Hungry godfather Fox climbed into the garden (I. A. Krylov. Fox and grapes).

His mouth was so burned by bitter pepper that tears gushed from his eyes.

Writer M. Gorky - author of the famous play "At the Bottom".

Pronunciation of the word "lowercase"

I wonder how the word is pronounced correctly

Divide this word into phonetic syllables:

In the old days, this three-syllable word was pronounced only with a stressed ending vowel, like the deriving word:

In modern speech, the word "line" with the stressed vowel "o" influenced the pronunciation of this adjective. Dictionaries fix double stress both on the root vowel "o" and on the ending vowel:

Source

How uppercase and lowercase letters are written and what it is

Russian letters differ from each other not only in style and sound designation, but also in size. Correct spelling follows certain rules. Uppercase and lowercase letters - what every schoolchild knows, especially an elementary school student. But the knowledge gained at school is forgotten very quickly, and adults are unlikely to remember the definitions of these terms.

Types of graphic characters on a letter

Uppercase and lowercase letters are two types of graphic characters on a letter. Interestingly, the division into such varieties is not in all languages. They are present in Cyrillic, and also in the Greek alphabet, Latin, Armenian. The situation in Georgia is unusual. There are no capital icons (with a specific meaning of use), but certain sections of the text (for example, titles, headings) are typed in large icons. They have small inscriptions, but differ from them in size. In other writing systems, the division into uppercase and lowercase letters does not exist.

For the first acquaintance with them, it is enough to learn brief information:

And in order to remember the information better, linger in the head for a long time and not turn into confusion, you need to study the issue deeper, delving into the details.

This is interesting! Russian lessons: as if - how to spell correctly

Uppercase

This is a capital, large, beautiful, initial. The letter sign is increased in size compared to the rest. Most often, it is the only one in the line, it is with it that the sentence begins. In elementary school, children with great diligence learn to draw the first alphabetic character - because it should turn out beautiful.

The first official use of capital letters is seen in the 15th century. However, further research showed that people tried to beautifully arrange the initial characters of the name, surname, sentence long before the beginning of the 15th century. Such graphic icons, decorated with ornaments and curlicues, were called drop caps.

Capital letters in the text are written only in those cases that are confirmed by spelling rules. The most common of them, which are most often encountered in practice, will be indicated below.

This is interesting! The word is also: written together or separately

Another definition of “capital” is found in elementary school at the stage of teaching writing. It is less common, therefore it does not appear in dictionaries. It is used only to distinguish between the type of writing, the antonym for the word "capital" is "printed". When a teacher asks to write a word, a sentence, a text in cursive, he means lowercase and uppercase letters. And their choice should take place on the basis of the studied rules.

Lowercase

This is a small letter. In a sentence and text, it is much more common than graphic icons of the previous type. This is explained by the fact that small letters are used several times more often in writing - these are the rules of Russian spelling.

All letters that do not fall under the rules for writing capitals are lined up in one line and have the same height, therefore they are called lowercase.

Please note! The stress in the term "line" falls not on the first, but on the last syllable, no matter how much one would like to associate its pronunciation with the pronunciation of the word "line".

Useful videos: How do you write small capital letters?

Main differences

Uppercase and lowercase letters have a number of differences from each other.

They are as follows:

Having learned for oneself the difference between capital and small graphic icons, a person stops confusing these two terms with each other.

This is interesting! What are exception words in Russian: examples

Examples

A good example of how the styles of both categories look like.

Ex.

A

B

B

G

D

E

E

and

9029EA

9029EA

A

B

B

G

D

E

E

K

L

M

H

O

P

R

S

T

Y

F

Page

K

L

m

H

O

P

R

°

X

C

H

W

W

E

S

R

x

c

h

Sh

Sh.

b.

s

b

E

U

I

when comparing the scheduled ones, it is possible that they are clear, it is clear that they are okay.

This is interesting! How to write the roots of words with alternating vowels: rules and examples

Spelling of capital letters

In Russian, the use of two types of writing is subject to the rules of the corresponding section of spelling. According to them, the new sentence begins with a capital character, which seems to lead the army of small, ordinary icons. It shows that the previous thought has ended and another has begun, or simply denotes the beginning of a thought. Direct speech, quotations, each new line of the poem begins with the title.

But there are other, more complex rules that explain the spelling of capital and lowercase letters:

Possible difficulties in choosing an option

In Russian, most of the rules are ambiguous and have additional explanations or exceptions.

Important! When the choice of letter size (capital/small) is required to fill out important documents or perform serious tasks, work, it is better to check yourself in dictionaries and reference books.

Possible difficulties in choosing the size of a graphic icon:

Useful video: lowercase Russian letters

Conclusion

and the peculiarities of their use, and therefore, they do not have serious difficulties in complying with this norm.

The main thing is to remember the definitions, to understand some of the difficulties for yourself. And in case of difficulty, do not forget about the possibility of referring to the dictionary.

Source

How uppercase and lowercase letters are written and what they are

Russian letters differ from each other not only in style and sound designation, but also in size. Correct spelling follows certain rules. Uppercase and lowercase letters - what every schoolchild knows, especially an elementary school student. But the knowledge gained at school is forgotten very quickly, and adults are unlikely to remember the definitions of these terms.

Types of graphic characters on a letter

Uppercase and lowercase letters are two types of graphic characters on a letter. Interestingly, the division into such varieties is not in all languages. They are present in Cyrillic, and also in the Greek alphabet, Latin, Armenian. The situation in Georgia is unusual. There are no capital icons (with a specific meaning of use), but certain sections of the text (for example, titles, headings) are typed in large icons. They have small inscriptions, but differ from them in size. In other writing systems, the division into uppercase and lowercase letters does not exist.

For the first acquaintance with them, it is enough to learn brief information:

And in order to remember the information better, linger in the head for a long time and not turn into confusion, you need to study the issue deeper, delving into the details.

This is interesting! Russian lessons: as if - how to spell correctly

Uppercase

This is a capital, large, beautiful, initial. The letter sign is increased in size compared to the rest. Most often, it is the only one in the line, it is with it that the sentence begins. In elementary school, children with great diligence learn to draw the first alphabetic character - because it should turn out beautiful.

The first official use of capital letters is seen in the 15th century. However, further research showed that people tried to beautifully arrange the initial characters of the name, surname, sentence long before the beginning of the 15th century. Such graphic icons, decorated with ornaments and curlicues, were called drop caps.

Capital letters in the text are written only in those cases that are confirmed by spelling rules. The most common of them, which are most often encountered in practice, will be indicated below.

This is interesting! The word is also: written together or separately

Another definition of “capital” is found in elementary school at the stage of teaching writing. It is less common, therefore it does not appear in dictionaries. It is used only to distinguish between the type of writing, the antonym for the word "capital" is "printed". When a teacher asks to write a word, a sentence, a text in cursive, he means lowercase and uppercase letters. And their choice should take place on the basis of the studied rules.

Lowercase

This is a small letter. In a sentence and text, it is much more common than graphic icons of the previous type. This is explained by the fact that small letters are used several times more often in writing - these are the rules of Russian spelling.

All letters that do not fall under the rules for writing capitals are lined up in one line and have the same height, therefore they are called lowercase.

Please note! The emphasis in the term “lowercase” falls not on the first, but on the last syllable, no matter how much one would like to associate its pronunciation with the pronunciation of the word “line”.

Main differences

Uppercase and lowercase letters have a number of differences from each other.

They are as follows:

Having learned for oneself the difference between capital and small graphic icons, a person stops confusing these two terms with each other.

This is interesting! What are exception words in Russian: examples

Examples

An illustrative example of how the faces of both categories look like.

In Russian, the use of two types of inscription is subject to the rules of the corresponding section of spelling. According to them, the new sentence begins with a capital character, which seems to lead the army of small, ordinary icons. It shows that the previous thought has ended and another has begun, or simply denotes the beginning of a thought. Direct speech, quotations, each new line of the poem begins with the title.

But there are other, more complex rules that explain the spelling of uppercase and lowercase letters:

In all other cases, when the word is not included in the category of proper names, but is a common noun, lowercase styles are written.

Possible difficulties in choosing an option

In Russian, most of the rules are ambiguous and have additional explanations or exceptions.

Important! When the choice of letter size (capital/small) is required to fill out important documents or perform serious tasks, work, it is better to check yourself in dictionaries and reference books.

Possible difficulties in choosing the size of a graphic icon:

Useful video: lowercase Russian letters

Conclusion

and the peculiarities of their use, and therefore, they do not have serious difficulties in complying with this norm.

The main thing is to remember the definitions, to understand some of the difficulties for yourself. And in case of difficulty, do not forget about the possibility of referring to the dictionary.

Source

Historical background

Sounding units of speech in a letter are usually denoted by special symbols called letters. That is why writing is called sound, and the section of linguistics devoted to the study of the signs-symbols themselves and their sound is called graphics.

Thus, the letter, along with the hyphen, punctuation marks, stress and apostrophe, belongs to the graphic means of the language. The use of capital letters has its own history.

Initially, book scribes and authors of Ancient Russia used small letters throughout the text. Only the first one was beautifully designed and titled. It was called “letter letter” and had the following features:

It is known that Virgil was the first to distinguish capital letters more than one and a half millennia ago. In his book, each page began with a drop cap, built from geometrically correct elements. In the Middle Ages, the style changed. The first capital letters became much more strict in design and took on an elongated shape.

Directly in the function that they perform now, large letters began to be used in the 16th century. They helped to distinguish between impressive fragments of text. And capital letters began to indicate the beginning of new sentences much later, at the end of the 18th century. It is interesting that initially the outlines of such units were no different from small equivalents. The selection of the first alphabet of capital letters in Russia is associated with the appearance of the primer in the 17th century.

Definition of concepts

Capital letters of the Russian alphabet are also called capital or capital letters. This allows you to highlight their key features - they are written differently (increased in size and have a different technique) than lowercase ones, and are used to highlight the first word in a sentence or in other cases. The rules of the Russian language clearly indicate when they should be used.

Sometimes the whole word or phrase can be written in capital letters, for example:

In other cases, such letters are placed only at the beginning of a certain word or sentence. Also, each line of the poetic text begins with a capital letter, even if the sentence in the previous one is not finished.

Lower case - small letters. With their help, words, combinations and sentences are written. The general principle is simple: in any case, you should write a lowercase letter by default, except for those situations where, according to the rules of the Russian language, a capital letter should be used.

Language features

Students learn uppercase and lowercase letters in class. Examples will help you understand when you should correctly use one or another option in a letter. The following features of the division of these units of the language into groups can be distinguished:

Capital letters can completely coincide in spelling with lowercase letters (for example, M and m, O and o), and may also look somewhat different (H and h in English). Some variants have both large and small varieties, despite the fact that such letters in the letter will never be capitalized. These are Y, b and b. There are no words that begin with them, with the exception of author's neologisms in poetry and prose, as well as foreign proper names (for example, the male name Yrysmat).

Usage Rules

There are several cases where a capital letter is written. First of all, it is the beginning of a sentence. Moreover, it does not matter what punctuation mark ended the previous syntactic construction. It can be a period, question or exclamation marks, ellipsis. Other capitalizations for Russian grammar:

Some words are especially difficult to remember. The rules for using capital and small letters depend on the meaning. For example, the word "Motherland": it is written with a capital letter in patriotic texts. An example is “everyone should remember that the Motherland is our common value.” In other cases, the word is used with a lower case: "Africa is the birthplace of the giraffe."

Special cases and exceptions

There are several difficult cases. For example, if a geographical name or a proper name consists of a combination of two or more words, then all elements should be written with a capital letter: Anna-Maria-Rovenna, Marie-Antoinette, Orekhovo-Zuyevo.

It is necessary to distinguish between common nouns and proper names, which will have different spellings. For example: lion (animal) and Leo (male name), Colt (inventor's surname) and colt (the weapon he invented), Little Red Riding Hood (name of a piece of clothing) and Little Red Riding Hood (girl heroine of children's fairy tales).

If a compound word contains a conjunction, particle or preposition, then such elements are written with a small letter: Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Leonardo da Vinci.

lova so often pass from proper to common nouns and vice versa that it can be difficult to understand this issue without the help of a dictionary or reference literature. Surnames are capitalized, but the author can write them with a small one, wanting to emphasize that there are a lot of people with certain qualities: “All these Onegins, Pechorins, Bazarovs tired me so much that I wanted to read a novel about a simple and ingenuous person, not tormented by the search for himself. In this sentence, the proper name turned into a common noun.

Another example is “We all look at the Napoleons”. "Napoleon" is used as a common noun. The word went even further: there was a cake and a Napoleon cake, the name of which should also be written with a lower case.

There are also opposite cases, when the common noun becomes proper and begins to be written with a capital: "the heroine of Krylov's fable, Monkey, did not make a special impression on schoolchildren: she was an ordinary narrow-minded fidget." A monkey is not just an animal, but a character in a literary text. Therefore, in accordance with the rules of spelling of the Russian language, the word should be written with a capital.

Valid variant — spelling with a small letter, if the word has again become a household word: “And such monkeys, the heroines of Krylov's fable, hinder the development of science and technology.” Here the word is used to refer not to a specific heroine, but to a large number of people with similar characteristics.

These are the main features of the use of uppercase and lowercase letters in syllables. Knowing them will help you become a literate person and get exceptionally excellent grades.

Source

Video

Written capital and small Russian letters. Inseparable spelling of letters in cursive.

Capital and lowercase letters L and M

WRITE CAPITAL LETTERS 🆎 PART 1 \ RUSSIAN ALPHABET 🖊 WRITE BEAUTIFUL.

How to write the letters of the Russian alphabet in beautiful handwriting with a simple pencil in a notebook.

Russian language. Lesson 2 Connection of letters. Handwriting correction.

59. Letters of the Russian alphabet. Uppercase and lowercase

04/05/17 Use of uppercase and lowercase letters. N. V. Kuznetsova

✍ Russian alphabet. How to write large and small letters of the Russian language. Capital and uppercase letters

Pangram spelling will help you write all lowercase letters of the Russian alphabet.

"Alphabet. Writing a capital letter in words".

Subject: Alphabet. Capitalization of words.

Goals:

1. Consolidation of knowledge of the order of the letters of the Russian alphabet.

2. Show the need to know the alphabet.

3. Write the names, patronymics and surnames of people correctly.

4. Arrange words in alphabetical order.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment.

The bell has already rung,

Lesson starts.

2. Reporting the topic and purpose of the lesson.

- Guess the riddle:

There are 33 heroes on the page of the primer

.

Wise men - heroes

Every literate person knows.

- That's right, it's the alphabet. Write down this word, put the stress. Remember the spelling and pronunciation of this word.

A LF A VI T

- What is the alphabet? (letters in a certain order)

- Why do you need to know the alphabet?

- Where can you use your knowledge of the alphabet?

3. Consolidation of knowledge of the alphabet.

- Here is the alphabet.

- Let's repeat and read the letters of the Russian alphabet.

- Write down the letter in question in the riddle:

a) . Friends holding hands

And they said: “You and me –

This is us!” And meanwhile

We got the letter ... (M)

b). This letter “turned into an antenna

And ended up on the roof” (T)

c). Look at the wheel -

And you will see the letter ... (O)

d). So that "O" does not roll away,

I will beat the column firmly.

Oh, look - what happened:

The letter turned out . .. (Yu)

- Well done!!!

4. Work with the activity scheme.

- Let's turn to the topic map.

- What is the big topic we have to study? (Lower and capital letter)

- And what concepts are we going to get acquainted with? (Writing proper names)

- With the help of the activity scheme, we will learn how to write names, patronymics and surnames correctly.

The activity scheme for writing

Cealing (large) letters

Word

meaning (what?)

Name

First letter Capital (LARGE)

Surname

First name

Middle name

Animal name

9007.5 Collective work

Job. Form surnames from these words. Write them down in alphabetical order.

Blacksmith - Blacksmiths;

Sokol - Sokolov;

Sailor - Sailors;

Barrel - Bochkin;

Yolka - Yolkin.

- Let's use the alphabet to write the last names in alphabetical order:

B ochkin, Yo lkin, K uznetsov, M atrosov, From approx.

(Pattern check).

Semi-independent work.

- What "steps" do we need to follow in order to write the last names correctly?

Paper - B umagin;

Nose - H sp;

Kid - M alyshev;

Peter - P Peter;

King - K king;

Ivan - and vans;

Cucumber - O cucumbers;

Red - R brindle;

and Vanov, K Orolev, m Elnikov, O. 0902 R

- Swap notebooks.

- Check each other's work.

Job. Insert suitable words.

Teamwork.

My name is ____________________.

My middle name is __________________.

My last name is __________________.

Semi-independent work.

My friend's name is _____________________.

________________________ is on duty in the classroom today.

Independent work.

Our teacher's name is ____________________________.

We love to read the books of the writer _________________________.

Job. Insert suitable names, patronymics, surnames.

Teamwork.

_______________________________________________________________

________________ lived with my grandmother ___________________________.

____________________ had a brother _____________________.

________________ and ___________________ went fishing.

Ex.

A

B

B

G

D

E

E

and

9029EA

9029EA

A

B

B

G

D

E

E

YA

Ave.

K

L

m

N

O

P

R

°

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

f

K

L

m

H

O

P

R

°

X

C

H

W

W

E

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