Cognitive activities for 5 year olds


Cognitive Activities: How To Boost Cognitive Development In Preschoolers

Cognitive development in preschoolers focuses on information processing, such as attention, memory, decision-making, language abilities, learning, and perceptional skills. Your child’s brain is quickly developing and requires a lot of thinking and exploring.

One of the best ways to promote your preschoolers’ cognitive development is through play and cognitive activities.

Mother and daughter enjoying some block play together.

Play And Cognitive Development In Early Childhood 

Play is a vital component of cognitive development in early childhood and allows parents to engage with their children. By building an affectionate and loving relationship with your child, you lay the groundwork and support for their development and learning. 

Through play, you can increase your preschooler’s cognitive skills and support their cognitive growth. Children learn in a hands-on, concrete manner, so lots of play and interaction are the best learning methods. Invite your child to use their imagination and creativity to solve problems.

As preschoolers play and use their imagination, they generate ideas. They use their creative skills to find different solutions for solving a problem.

The more your child plays, the more they test their limits, explore challenges, and fine-tune their decision-making skills. Through social interaction with adults and their peers, they begin developing their language skills.

Read more about Cognitive Development in Toddlers, What is Cognitive Development?, and What Are Cognitive Skills?

As we identified above, preschoolers learn best through play, particularly child-led play. However, all types of play, even adult-guided play, are beneficial.

When children play, they explore, think, create, experiment, learn how things work, and solve problems. As a matter of fact, children need lots of unstructured play that helps build confidence and resiliency.

Through experiences and interactions with others, they learn to share, cooperate, resolve conflict, negotiate, and make friends. 

Use these tips to encourage Your Preschoolers’ cognitive development

  • Allow for mistakes. Young children are bound to make mistakes; that is how they learn. Naturally, we want to fix things; however, it is vital to give them space to make mistakes. 
  • Celebrate their successes. 
  • Encourage decision-making by allowing your preschooler to make choices, for example, “what they want to eat,” “what to wear,” or “what they want to play.”
  • Engage and spend quality time playing together.
  • Help them learn about friendship, sharing, and empathy by inviting them to play with others. Try these Easy Social-Emotional Activities For Preschoolers
  • Inspire them to try new things or find different solutions.
  • Invite your youngster to help with simple chores. Young children this age love to imitate adults and “help.” Build their autonomy and confidence by engaging them in age-appropriate household chores.
    • Younger preschoolers can help with the laundry by matching socks, sorting the clothes by type or color, and putting away their toys and blocks.
    • While older preschoolers can help in the kitchen by making simple snacks, helping set the table, clearing their dishes, and watering the plants. Remember, at this age, you will need to adjust your expectations and be flexible. It is not about perfection.
  • Support problem-solving by giving them the time to figure things out and not rushing in with a solution. 
  • Talk with your preschooler to build their language skills. Ask questions during play, like “What happens next?”
  • Use your child’s interests to expand their growth and development; for example, if you see your preschooler becomes fascinated with whales, find additional resources, like books, crafts, games, or excursions (visit an aquarium) that support that interest.
Inviting children to help with simple chores builds their confidence and autonomy.

Cognitive Development Milestones In Preschoolers

As your child moves into the preschool age (3-5 years), their cognitive skills further develop. At first, their attention spans are short, and they may not complete a puzzle or sit through an entire game.

However, by the time they enter kindergarten, they should be able to finish a puzzle, play a full game, and begin learning the fine art of fair play, losing, and winning.

Whether your child attends preschool or plays at home, language skills increase, gross motor coordination improves, social skills progress, and awareness of their surroundings broadens during their preparation for kindergarten.

While they may not fully understand the difference between real and pretend, they are better equipped to observe and analyze their surroundings.

Children are like little sponges, and there is constant learning during this growth stage. They are always watching, exploring, and questioning.

Your preschooler is likely to ask many questions, especially “Why?” questions. They may begin asking sensitive questions about death, “where babies come from?” or upsetting news they see or hear.

Want to see what preschoolers’ cognitive Growth will look like over the next couple of years?

Before entering kindergarten, you can expect them to be able to:
  • Balance on a beam or board.
  • Be aware of gender.
  • Climb a ladder.
  • Comprehend the concept of time, like “past,” “present,” and “future.”
  • Count 10+ things.
  • Cut paper with scissors.
  • Dance and sing a song.
  • Do somersaults.
  • Draw a 4+ body part person.
  • Dress and undress themselves.
  • Express what they think is going to happen next in a story.
  • Hop, or they may skip.
  • Kick or throw a ball.
  • Know everyday items like money or food.
  • Make friends.
  • Name 4+ colors.
  • Negotiate for things they want
  • Play games like board games.
  • Recall parts of a story.
  • Recite address and phone number.
  • Recognize and write their own name.
  • Ride a tricycle.
  • Run, jump, or gallop.
  • Socialize and play with others.
  • Swing on the swings.
  • Tell a story using their imagination.
  • Walk along a circular or straight line.
  • Walk down and up the stairs.
  • Write or copy numbers, letters, or shapes.

Cognitive Activities For Preschoolers 

As the parent, you can help increase your child’s cognitive learning by making available fun and playful cognitive activities. No structured agenda or lesson plan is required. Just plenty of time to play alone and with others expanding their experiences.

Use These Play Ideas To Support Cognitive Development Activities:

Puzzles

Age-appropriate puzzles build preschooler’s cognitive skills, like concentration, memory, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills. Furthermore, puzzles can reinforce sorting by color, type, or shape. Choosing a puzzle, concentrating on that activity, and completing it helps support cognitive control.

Card, Matching, Or Board Games

Simple card, matching, or board games like “Old Maid,” “Go Fish,” “Matching Game,” or “Chutes & Ladders” teach kids how to follow directions, take turns, share, and problem-solve. As your preschooler masters these games, you can introduce more games with complicated strategies, like checkers. In addition, when your child encounters a problem during play, it tests their judgment, reasoning, and ability to find a solution.

Other Games For Cognitive Development

When you are out and a board or card games just won’t’ do, try cognitive activities like “I Spy. What about spending the day at the park? Physical games are a wonderful way to engage. Test out games like “Hide & Seek,” “Red Light, Green Light,” or “Simon Says.” If your preschooler has mastered “Simon Says’, add a twist and have them do the opposite of what “Simon Says.”

Block Play

Preschoolers engaged in block play not only are having fun but also are exploring science and math. Children stacking or playing with wooden building blocks begin to understand wider, shorter, taller, higher, longer, heavier, and more. Explore more block play ideas with these Simple Block Activities For Toddlers And Preschoolers

Constructive Play

While it often includes blocks, constructive play is about experimenting with different materials and building approaches. Preschoolers learn to plan and assess their actions through trial and error. Trying new methods and modifying when needed is problem-solving at its best. Find out how Creative and Constructive Play Works Best When You…

Outdoor Activities And Play

Getting outside not only helps with gross motor development but also builds cognitive skills. Nature provides an awesome science lab for preschoolers. Go on a walk, create a nature tray or keep a nature journal. Check out these other Outside Activities For Kids.

Getting outdoors and engaging in outside activities for kids.
Mazes And Obstacle Courses

You can build an obstacle course or maze from simple household items. Grab a roll of painter’s tape and create a maze on your floor (test first), patio, or driveway for your preschooler to navigate. They can maneuver their cars, balls, or bodies through the maze using their cognitive abilities. Put up an obstacle course inside or out using tables, chairs, large boxes, or giant blocks. 

Singing, Rhyming, And Finger Play

Simple songs that include rhyming and actions help build cognitive skills; for example, the “ABC’s Song” helps them remember the alphabet. “I’m A Little Teapot” Or “Head And Shoulders” helps them learn to follow directions. Some songs introduce number concepts like “5 Little Ducks” or “5 Monkeys Jumping On The Bed.”

Reading

Daily reading is critical to cognitive development in preschoolers. Foster the love of books by checking out the local library or bookstore for children’s storytime. 

Telling Jokes

At this age, preschoolers start to really develop a sense of humor. Find a book filled with jokes or engage them by having them tell you some jokes. 

Storytelling

Encourage storytelling by alternating adding parts to a story or asking them to finish one you started. Incorporate these Simple And Powerful Language Activities For Preschoolers into your daily play.

Cooking

Invite your preschooler to help you in the kitchen. They can begin learning about healthy ingredients, measuring, and following directions. Looking at a recipe allows them to understand photo directions while building their reading and language skills. Start with simple recipes like “Ants On A Log” or “Bagel Pizzas.”

Imaginative Play Or Role Play

Many preschoolers are naturally drawn to pretend play. It is the perfect way to build their creative skills and imaginations. You are likely to find your child pretending to be something imaginary like a pirate, superhero, or princess. However, they may also act out familiar roles like grocery shopping, cleaning the house, or being a fireman. 

  • Jump in and play, but let your child lead the way. Keep in mind you may need to adjust to your child’s creative process. 
  • Imaginative play can be as simple or elaborate as you care to make it. Add basic dress-up props, like old hats, purses, or shoes from time to time. Need a crown, sword, or magic wand? Get the kids involved and try some crafts projects using paper towel rolls or construction paper. 
  • Build a fort from jumbo blocks or put a blanket over a table and chairs.
  • Preschooler running out of ideas? Feel free to prompt a new pretend play scenario. It might be based on real-life activities like shopping, caring for a baby, animal, or someone sick. Maybe it involves acting out a fairy tale, good versus evil, or some other silly idea. Learn more about the Benefits Of Imaginative Play & Why It’s So Important.
Acting out a familiar role like being a fireman.

Everyday experiences like talking, reading, or playing a game have the power to boost your preschoolers’ cognitive development, growth, and cognitive skills. So, no matter how you engage with your preschooler, whether through outdoor activities, unstructured free play, or cognitive activities like block play, let them be the leader. What cognitive activities for preschoolers will you try today?

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Cognitive development of children aged 5-6 | Consultation (senior group):

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN 5-6 YEARS

Consultation for parents

Cognitive development:

- involves the development of children's interests, curiosity and cognitive motivation;

- formation of cognitive actions, formation of consciousness;

- development of imagination and creative activity;

- formation of primary ideas about oneself, other people, objects of the surrounding world,

- about the properties and relationships of objects in the surrounding world, their shape, color, size, material, sound, rhythm, tempo, quantity, number, part and whole, space and time, movement and rest, causes and effects, etc.

- about the small Motherland and Fatherland, ideas about the socio-cultural values ​​of our people, about domestic traditions and holidays,

- about the planet Earth as a common home of people, about the features of its nature, the diversity of countries and peoples of the world.

It is known that preschool age is the age of formation and development of the most general abilities, which will improve and differentiate as the child grows up. One of the most important abilities is the ability to know.

The educational process is aimed at the development of cognitive abilities in preschoolers and their implementation. It is necessary to organize interaction with the child in such a way that it is aimed at the formation of cognitive interest, cognitive independence and initiative.

The main forms of interaction that promote cognitive development:

- involvement of the child in various activities;

- use of didactic games;

- application of teaching methods aimed at enriching creative imagination, thinking, memory, speech development.

We refer to the stages of cognitive development: curiosity, inquisitiveness, development of cognitive interest, development of cognitive activity.

Let's consider each stage in more detail:

1. We refer CURIOSITY to the first stage.

It is characterized by a selective attitude to any subject, due to purely external aspects and circumstances that are often suddenly revealed to the child.

At this stage, the preschooler is satisfied with only the initial orientation, connected with the amusing nature of the subject itself; entertainment as a factor in discovering cognitive interest usually serves as its first impetus. As an example of the manifestation of curiosity in a preschooler, one can cite the fact that at 2-3 years old a child focuses on the brightness of an object, without paying special attention to its essence.

2. We defined the second stage of the cognitive development of preschool children as CURIOSITY, which is a valuable state of the individual, an active vision of the world, characterized by the child's desire to penetrate beyond the limits of what was originally seen and perceived. At this stage of interest, as a rule, strong emotions of surprise, joy of knowledge, delight, satisfaction with the activity are manifested. The essence of curiosity lies in the formation and decoding of various kinds of riddles.

3. A new quality, or stage, of the cognitive development of preschoolers is COGNITIVE INTEREST, characterized by increased stability, a clear selective focus on a cognizable object, valuable motivation, in which cognitive motives occupy the main place. Cognitive interest contributes to the penetration of the preschooler into the essential relationships, connections, patterns of mastering reality. A manifestation of cognitive interest should be considered the desire of the child to independently answer the questions posed, for example, in the course of experimentation, the study of the world around him.

4. To a high level of cognitive development of preschool children, we include COGNITIVE ACTIVITY, the basis of which is a holistic act of cognitive activity - an educational and cognitive task.

An actual method of cognitive development of preschool children is experimentation, which is considered as a practical activity of a search nature, aimed at understanding the properties, qualities of objects and materials, connections and dependencies of phenomena.

In experimentation, a preschooler acts as a researcher who independently and actively learns the world around him, using various forms of influence on it.

A small child is essentially a tireless explorer. He wants to know everything, he is interested in everything and it is imperative to stick his nose everywhere. And on how many different and interesting things the kid saw, it depends on what knowledge he will have.

Activity, whatever it may be, is an important component for the harmonious development of the child. Indeed, in the process, the baby learns the space around him, gains experience of interacting with various objects. The child acquires certain knowledge and masters specific skills.

As a result, mental and volitional processes are activated, mental abilities develop and emotional personality traits are formed.

Involve your children in activities of all kinds, don't push them away. After all, you can engage in experimentation with children in the kitchen, in the bathroom, on the street, etc.

The most important thing is the desire to be with the child and give him time. He will definitely appreciate it.

Cognitive development of preschool children is unthinkable without activity. So that the kids are not passive, original games are used to support their activity. Learning through play - Toddlers cannot imagine their life without play. A normally developing child constantly manipulates objects. This is the foundation of cognitive work.

Dear parents, show interest in the development of children. Exercise with them in the morning. Use exercises such as: "collect mushrooms", "smell the flowers", "rays-rays", etc. games all this develops activity and curiosity.

Reading fiction expands, systematizes knowledge, enriches vocabulary.

Ask yourself a question. How do you want your child to be?

This question has had different answers at different times. If in Soviet times, mothers and fathers sought to raise a “performer” obedient in all respects, capable of working hard at the factory in the future, now many people want to raise a person with an active position, a creative person. A child, in order for him to be self-sufficient in the future, to have his own opinion, must learn to doubt. And doubts eventually lead to their own conclusion. After all, a baby can simply say and teach something, or you can show it. The child will be able to ask about something, to express his opinion. So the knowledge gained will be much stronger.

For example, you can simply say that a tree does not sink, but a stone immediately sinks - and the child, of course, will believe it. But if the kid conducts the experiment, and you help him in this, he will be able to personally verify this and, most likely, he will try other materials for buoyancy and draw his own conclusions. This is where the first discussion comes in. The development of cognitive activity is impossible without a doubt.

If a child says something, all he has to do is remember it. But to reason, reflect and come to your own conclusion is much more important. After all, doubt is the road to creativity, self-realization and, accordingly, independence and self-sufficiency. How often today's parents heard in childhood that they were not yet old enough to argue. It's time to forget about this trend. Teach children to speak their mind, to doubt and seek the answer.

Cognitive activity of preschoolers: Development and features of

Content

  • 1 How cognitive activity is manifested at preschool age
  • 2 Methods and techniques of cognition
    • 2.1 Experimentation
    • 2.2 Search study
    • 2.3 Game actions and technology
    • 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9009 9ARE
    • 3 Stages of development of cognitive research activities of preschoolers
    • 4 Stimulation of the need for cognition in preschoolers

    The cognitive activity of preschool children is aimed at comprehending everything that is still unknown to them. Much of what surrounds people in childhood seems incomprehensible and mysterious. Children with high cognitive activity do not wait for adults to explain everything to them in detail. They are taking steps to make their own discoveries and expand their understanding of the world.

    How cognitive activity is manifested in preschool age

    The child's body, by its very nature, strives for activity and action. Already in the early years, an orienting reflex is manifested, which consists in the desire to find out “What is it?”. A need is formed to understand and “appropriate knowledge” (as psychological science formulates).

    In the future, a cognitive attitude to the world around develops. The preschooler is interested in causal relationships. Numerous questions arise about the patterns of natural phenomena, about surrounding objects, about technical devices, about people's relationships.

    The main mechanism for the development of cognitive activity of preschoolers is perception. This process becomes meaningful, intellectual. Perception turns into a cognitive activity with specific goals and methods for obtaining results.

    A preschooler wants to understand how a mechanical toy works. He is interested in how a sprout appears from a seed. The child seeks to independently check how many oranges are required for one glass of juice. To get answers to such questions, children act.

    Cognitive research activity develops intellectual feelings. The child experiences joy from the fact that it was possible to understand the question so puzzling him, surprise at learning a new one, amazement at an unexpected discovery, excitement in an effort to solve a problem.

    Methods and techniques of cognition

    The craving for cognition organizes the child. Cognitive interest, the need to learn something requires setting a goal and subordinating your actions to it. You need to show organization, perseverance, independence and initiative. The development of cognitive processes acquires the most important quality - arbitrariness.

    Activities aimed at discovering and gaining knowledge are associated with the arbitrariness of mental processes.

    Cognitive communication with adults gives a preschooler a lot. Inquisitive kids pour in questions. This is the easiest way to expand your awareness. In communication with an adult, cognitive tasks are solved, but this method of obtaining ready-made knowledge does not give the awareness that the child needs. Therefore, preschoolers are looking for other ways to get information.

    Experimentation

    This form of cognitive activity is aimed at obtaining characteristics and qualities of an object or phenomenon that are inaccessible to direct perception. The idea to literally “get” knowledge belongs to the child himself. He independently, without the participation of an adult, sets himself a task and finds the means to solve it.

    Children's experimentation is extremely flexible. The preschooler tests the most incredible assumptions and uses unusual ways in his experience.

    Can a shoe float, can it be possible to eat soup with a fork, as mother's lipstick draws - such questions do not tolerate dry answers. Children prefer to get answers to such questions on their own with the help of an experiment.

    Trials are inevitable in experimentation. It didn't work out that way, you need to check otherwise. A preschooler in this respect acts much more correctly than an adult. He is not afraid to make mistakes, but repeats his experiment, drawing conclusions and changing the conditions. “The shoe has sunk, the leaf is floating. How about the slippers?"

    When conducting independent experiments, children learn to make assumptions and original judgments, analyze the relationship between cause and effect, and develop logical thinking.

    Search and research activity

    When a question becomes a means of independent cognition, research activity of preschoolers is activated. Six-year-old children, reading and considering various children's encyclopedias or observing various phenomena of life, formulate search questions. And they are actively involved in the search for answers. If a child attends a kindergarten, his opportunities expand, since the independent activity of children in a preschool educational institution is encouraged.

    Exploratory research activity is well structured and consists of several steps:

    • formulation of the hypothesis;
    • choice of means of obtaining a response;
    • actual action;
    • correlation of the result with a hypothetical assumption;
    • final conclusion.

    For example, puzzled by the question of whether dinosaurs could currently exist, a preschooler begins to find out at what time they lived on our planet, what they ate, why they disappeared. He puts forward his hypotheses regarding existence in modern conditions, looking for arguments for and against.

    Game actions and technologies

    Since a preschooler spends most of his time in the game, cognitive activity permeates game plots and actions. The game acts as a visual model of relations in society and gives a lot of information to the child.

    On the one hand, the preschooler acquires important knowledge by performing various roles. But on the other hand, games are often created as an illustration of the cognitive process.

    Children are interested in weighing with weights, they include this element in their story. They mastered the action of a compass - they draw circles for a new game.

    At present, many knowledge systems intended for preschoolers are presented in the form of play technologies. Such a presentation is understandable and familiar to the child, and has established itself as an effective educational and cognitive activity of preschoolers.

    Stages of development of cognitive research activity of preschoolers

    Let's try to identify the stages of how cognitive research activity is formed in preschool children. Obviously, the propensity to survey and experiment for the sake of acquiring knowledge does not appear overnight, but develops gradually.

    1. The first attempts at purposeful research activity appear in 3-year-old children. By this age, the child already manages to hold the goal, and not just manipulate objects. For example, do not pour sand with a scoop into a bucket for the sake of the action itself, but fill it to the top and pour it somewhere else. If for some reason the actions are unsuccessful, then the baby does not abandon his idea and persistently repeats.
    2. The next stage is connected with the formation of the ability to examine objects more carefully. Attentive examination, highlighting the constituent details, attention to shape and size make it possible for a 3-4 year old child to notice something new, to discover unexpectedly important properties and connections. For example, a preschooler used to see a ladybug only in a picture, but on a walk he noticed an insect on the grass. The kid examines the bright insect with interest, watches how it moves along the leaf ... But then the ladybug opens its wings and takes off, which incredibly surprises the young researcher. There was a real discovery for the baby, and new knowledge was firmly entrenched in his mind.
    3. At 4-5 years of age, cognitive activity is not limited to simple actions, observation and questions, but is supplemented by experimentation, which is preceded by a simple analysis. The main motive is to gain new knowledge, and for this you need to consciously set a goal, complete a cognitive task, and even correlate the result with intentions. The information obtained in an independent experiment is only supposedly true. The child feels this, so he tries to find confirmation in the answers of the adult.
    4. The highest level is represented by actual cognitive research activity in senior preschool age. The main characteristics of this stage: the child masters a specific and precise statement of the question that requires clarification, and also formulates hypotheses, what kind of answer is possible. He is able to offer new ideas to solve the problem.

    Stimulation of the need for cognition in preschoolers

    All activities at preschool age need sensitive support from parents and educators.


    Learn more