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In English, there are words formed by the addition of two or more full-valued words or their stems; such words are called compound words. In this case, different parts of speech can be combined with each other, i.e. noun + verb, noun + noun, adjective + noun, etc. Compound words can be written with a hyphen, together, or in two separate words. There are no specific rules for writing Compound Words.

Compound words education

Match the word from the first column with the word from the second and you will get a compound word. All words are replaced by pictures and are not in order!

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2017-09-14

Compound words - examples in the Russian language: methods of education, difficult and complex

The Russian language is considered one of the richest languages ​​in the world. It is multifaceted due to its vocabulary, only the dictionary of V.I. Dahl has about 200 thousand units of speech, and this is not counting word forms. And since the world does not stand still, then the Russian language progresses along with it, replenishing with new lexical units from various spheres of life: science, technology, industry, etc. Due to the development of industries in the Russian language, complex and difficult words appear to denote new concepts ....

Contents

What are compound words

A compound word is made up of several parts. In Russian, compound words with two stems (steam locomotive, waterfall, sofa bed) are more common, but you can meet with three or more (examples: creamy-chocolate-nut ice cream, gas-steam-air, Old Church Slavonic). Writing complex words causes difficulties even for those who work with texts on a professional basis - editors, proofreaders, journalists.

Important! One compound word in Russian can consist of 20-30 letters! For example, X-ray electrocardiographic - 32 letters.

Difficult-to-write expressions often act as nouns and adjectives, although they are most often formed from the phrases “noun + verb”. Many lexical constructions in Russian are difficult to pronounce and are quite common in everyday speech. They are so common that we do not think about their origin (aircraft, building materials, aircraft industry).

Education

In Russian, the formation of compound words occurs in the following ways:

With the help of connecting vowels: transcribing, metal-cutting, cook, armored personnel carrier, shipwreck, crazy,

five-fold, ovule, eight-story, two-masted. The list of examples can be continued for a long time.

Compound words in Russian for which the hyphen spelling is correct:

• Compound noun with ex- prefix: ex-king, ex-husband, ex-chancellor.
• The principle of repeating the basics: blue-blue, just, just about, hot-hot.
• Designs-repetitions, having a prefix or suffix in the second part: beauty-beauty, miracle-worker, focus-pocus, firmly-firmly, tower-teremok, cold-precold.
• Combinations with the prefix half-: half-French-half-German, midnight-noon, half-horse-half-donkey, reclining, half-sitting.
• Words close in meaning: geese-swans, path-road, kind-healthy, any-expensive, at the very least.
• Compound words with an approximate indication: four or five people, a year or two, in January-February.
• Compound word with abbreviation in the first place: microwave oven (superhigh frequency), infrared (infrared), DNA analysis (deoxyribonucleic acid), DTP vaccine (adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus).
• A compound noun with a declined first part: vanka-vstanka - to play with roly-poly, booster - on a launch vehicle, hero-pilot - the title of a hero-pilot, science fiction writer - to a science fiction writer.
• The construction of the "main and dependent word": a bayun cat, a beautiful daughter, a bloodhound, a self-collected tablecloth, an amateur nerd, a single father.
• A compound word has an indeclinable part: B-minor, G-sharp, D-minor, bluish-pale, crimson-chestnut, gross formula (for chemical elements), gross rate (insurance premium), net rate ( insurance rate share), lead guitar, disco ball, disco group, disco bar, maxi scooter, maxi golfs, maxi puzzles, midi controller, mini piano, mini model, mini review.
• Intermediate cardinal directions: turn southwest, heading northeast, east-southeast.
• Military positions and ranks with prefixes: vice admiral, chamber junker, rear admiral, life dragoon, chief marshal, chief quartermaster, secretary of state, non-commissioned officer, adjutant wing, staff captain.
• Words that have an auxiliary part of speech in their construction: Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Kalach-on-Don, coltsfoot flower, Ivan da Marya plant. This group mainly includes the names of cities, countries and plants.
• To write the names of the inhabitants of cities with hyphens, the method of merging stems is often used.
• Combinations with the prefix half- (for words beginning with a vowel or consonant -l) in the genitive case: half-July, half-shop, half-line, half-ravine, half-cucumber.

Dictionary of the Russian Language

Formation of compound words in Russian without connecting vowels: -, you-, for-, for-, etc.: limitless, innocent, interest-free, endless, deckless, unjustifiably, continuously connected, irreconcilable, uneven, interroom, intercostal, interethnic, postnatal, post-course, post-warranty, post-school, ultra-high vacuum, super-annual, super-critical, super-established, pseudoacacia, pseudo-socialist, pseudo-science, pseudo-religion, self-filming, self-saccharified, extraterrestrial, foreign policy, above-considered, above-stated, blank, defensive, easily, whimsical, involved.

Please note! Words with the prefix false- with proper names in Russian have a hyphenated spelling: false Dmitry, false Arya, false Nero.

• Words with semi- and semi- prefixes: semi-crystalline, one and a half months, semi-box, half price, half kingdom, half life.
• Compound words with prefixes ir-, dis-, im-, trans-, sub-, counter-, hyper-, de-, re-, post-, etc.: irrational, irrigator, irreality, irrelevant, discrete, distant , disposition, disproportion, immanent, immunobiological, transgression, transisomerism, transcontinental, transatlantic, subatmospheric, subunit, subjective, submarine, counterparty, counterplay, countertier, counterprogress, hypergeometric, hyperfunction, hyperactive, hypernephroid, dismantling, deformation, decentralization, degradation, demotivator , reformation, reorganization, reproduction, post-infarction, post-Soviet, post-industrial, post-inflammatory.

• Difficult words, part of the basis of which is the numeral: three-month, five-sided, two-sided, centennial.
• Lexical units ending in -я: seed-processing, pastime, selfishness.
• Ending of the first part of the stem with -i- or -ь-: little neck, adonis, daredevil, goridrova. Spelling errors are often made in these examples.
• Words formed from hyphenated proper names: Alma-Ata, St. Petersburg, St. Paul, Costa Rican.

Compound words in Russian

Abbreviated words also refer to the concept of "compound word", as they are formed by reducing the bases and merging them: UEFA, USSR, VDNKh, zampolit.

The spelling of compound words of this type in Russian is regulated by the following rules:

• The first letters of the words are taken: moore - Moscow Criminal Investigation Department, FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation, PFC - professional football club.
• The initial parts of the basics are taken: political worker - political worker, general plan - master plan, sampo - self-training.
• The first letters of one and the beginning of the basis of another word are taken (the first two methods are combined): INVISSIN - Institute for Foreign Policy Research and Initiatives, IMLI - Institute of World Literature, LITO - Literary Association.

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