Matching capital and lowercase letters

Give each child a single grid, 15 corresponding letter tiles, and a glue stick all placed on a tray (skip the glue sticks if you’re doing this activity as a laminated activity).

My little disclaimers for the preparation

Don’t forget to grab your FREE upper and lower case letter matching printable at the end of this post!

To save time (and prevent potential accidents) I cut out the letter tiles in advance for my 3’s class.  However, if doing this activity with a 4-5’s class, I would have had the students do their own cutting. (I keep all those kid scissors organized with this colorful caddy.)

Kindergarten teachers really appreciate it when preschoolers have good scissor control. (Need some tips? Check out this post!)

The Letter Matching Activity (with FREE Printable)

The object of the activity comes in two strides.

First, have your students identify each upper case letter on the grid.  With the repetition of the four letters throughout the grid, identification of the letters ia solidified.

Next, show your students how to identify the lower case letters on the letter tiles and match with the upper case letters by gluing it on the grid.

To prevent random gluing, (as I knew some students would immediately gravitate to), I made an extra copy of the activity and modeled it for the students.

Once I modeled the concept with each letter, I asked the students to help me with the remaining letters. This is a traditional “I Do, Let’s Do it Together, You Do” teaching strategy). This ensured that all students knew exactly what to do when they received their own materials.

I offered this activity to my three-year-old preschool class. While I was expecting it to be difficult for some of my students, it was received rather well.

Surprisingly, our biggest challenge was not the matching of upper and lower case letters.  Instead, it was learning to paste the letter tiles on the grid correctly.

You know, put the glue on the back of the tile, not the front, and put the tile right-side-up? Just the little things you wouldn’t think would be a challenge, haha!

More Letter Matching Activities

Don’t forget to grab your FREE upper and lower case letter matching printable at the end of this post!

And more ways to use this printable! After all, a printable is only a good one if it meets your needs, so here are some ways to scaffold the matching activity to different learners.

1. Invite individual students to name specific letters as you point to them.
2. Challenge your students to also think of something that begins with that letter. (Check out this letter/sound activity, too!)
3. For younger learners, have the children sort their letters into piles before they begin gluing. Then they only have to worry about finding one kind of letter at a time. It’s less overwhelming that way.
4. Use the letter tiles to spell out sight words or easy CVC words.
5. When the grid is completed, invite your preschoolers to find small toys that begin with each letter and place them on the corresponding tiles.

Don’t forget to grab your free printable at the end of this post, and then keep reading for more letter matching activities!

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These are some of my most popular letter matching activities for preschoolers.

 Rainbow Letters Race to the Top (FREE Printable)

The Benefits of Letter Matching

Thinking of objects that begin with the letter sound I was pointing to was difficult for the students. This is because it’s a skill that typically isn’t mastered until late preschool or not even until kindergarten for a lot of children. But this was a quick way for me to informally assess their letter/sound knowledge.

And, when I named a word, my three-year-old students were easily able to identify if that word began with the same letter to which I was pointing. This is just like our sound matching activity I threw together with just a set of animals toys and a lot like our flashcard practice.

This letter matching activity was an effective way to reinforce the letters we had been studying.  It was an excellent review and the students were proud of their completed work and put it on display.

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ABC Letter Stack Game

Grab Your FREE Letter Matching Printable

Remember, this FREE letter matching printable practices the alphabet in the same order I introduce them in my preschool literacy curriculum, which makes these perfect for each review week!

Don’t forget to keep reading for more letter matching activities!

Looking for More Letter Matching Activities?

You might enjoy these other letter matching printables. I like to use these as literacy centers.

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Sarah Punkoney, MAT

I’m Sarah, an educator turned stay-at-home-mama of five! I’m the owner and creator of Stay At Home Educator, a website about intentional teaching and purposeful learning in the early childhood years. I’ve taught a range of levels, from preschool to college and a little bit of everything in between. Right now my focus is teaching my children and running a preschool from my home. Credentials include: Bachelors in Art, Masters in Curriculum and Instruction.

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Uppercase and Lowercase Letters / Sudo Null IT News

I've gathered here some not-so-obvious facts about uppercase and lowercase letters that a programmer may encounter at work. Many of you have translated strings into “all uppercase” (uppercase), “all lowercase” (lowercase), “first capital, and the rest lowercase” (titlecase). Even more popular is the case-insensitive comparison operation. On a global scale, such operations can be quite non-trivial. The post is structured as a "collection of misconceptions" with counterexamples.

1. If I convert the string to uppercase or lowercase, the number of Unicode characters does not change.

No. The text may contain lowercase ligatures, which do not correspond to one character in upper case. For example, when translating to uppercase: fi (U+FB00) -> FI (U+0046, U+0049)

2. Ligatures are a perversion, no one uses them. If they are not taken into account, then I'm right.

No. Some letters with diacritics do not have an exact match in other case, so you have to use a combined character. Let's say the Afrikaans language has the letter ʼn (U+0149). In upper case, it corresponds to a combination of two characters: (U+02BC, U+004E). If you come across a transliteration of Arabic text, you may encounter (U+1E96), which also does not have a single-character match in upper case, so you will have to replace it with (U+0048, U+0331). The Wakhi language has a letter (U+01F0) with a similar problem. You may argue that this is exotic, but there are 23,000 articles in Afrikaans on Wikipedia.

3. All right, but let's consider a combined character (involving modifying or combining code points) as one character. Then the length will still be preserved.

No. There is, for example, the letter "escet" ß (U+00DF) in German. When converted to uppercase, it turns into two SS characters (U+0053, U+0053).

4. Okay, okay, got it. We will assume that the number of Unicode characters can increase, but not more than twice.

No. There are specific Greek letters, for example, (U+0390) that turn into three Unicode characters (U+0399, U+0308, U+0301)

5.

No. Let's remember the same ligatures. If a word in lowercase begins with fl (U+FB02), then in uppercase the ligature becomes FL (U+0046, U+004C), but in titlecase it becomes Fl (U+0046, U+006C). The same with ß, but, theoretically, words cannot begin with it.

6. Those ligatures again! Well, we take the first character from the word, translate it into uppercase, if more than one character is obtained, then we leave the first one, and the rest back into lowercase. Then it will definitely work.

Won't work. There is, for example, the digraph dz (U+01F3), which can be used in text in Polish, Slovak, Macedonian or Hungarian. In uppercase it corresponds to the digraph DZ (U+01F1), and in titlecase it corresponds to the digraph Dz (U+01F2). There are other digraphs. The Greek language, on the other hand, will please you with jokes with hypogegrammen and progegrammen (fortunately, this is rarely found in modern texts). In general, the uppercase and titlecase variants for a character can be different, and there are separate entries for them in the Unicode standard.

7. Good, but at least the result of converting a character's case to uppercase or lowercase does not depend on its position in the word.

No. For example, the Greek capital sigma Σ (U+03A3) becomes a lowercase ς (U+03C2) at the end of a word and σ (U+03C3) in the middle.

8. Oh, okay, let's process the Greek sigma separately. But in any case, the same character in the same position in the text is converted in the same way.

No. For example, in most Latin languages, the lower case for I (U+0049) is i (U+0069), but not in Turkish and Azeri. There, the lower case for I is ı (U+0131) and the capital case for i is İ (U+0130). In Turkey, because of this, enchanting bugs are sometimes observed in a variety of software. And if you come across a text in Lithuanian with accents, then, for example, a capital Ì (U + 00CC), which will turn not into ì (U + 00EC), but into (U + 0069, U + 0307, ​​U + 0300) . In general, the result of the conversion also depends on the language. Most of the complex cases are described here.

9. What a horror! Well, let's now correctly convert to uppercase and lowercase. Comparing two words case-insensitively is not a problem: we translate both into lowercase and compare.

There are also many pitfalls that follow from the above. For example, it will not work with German straße and STRASSE (the former will not change, the latter will turn into strasse). There will also be problems with many of the other letters described above.

10. M-yes… Maybe then everything is in the uppercase?

And it won't always work (although much more often). But, say, if you come across the notation STRAE (yes, there is a big escet in German and Unicode too), it will not match straße. For comparisons, letters are converted according to a special Unicode table - CaseFolding, according to which both ß and SS will turn into ss.

11. A-ah-ah, this is some kind of kapets!

Here I agree.

If some symbols are not displayed for someone, write me a private message, I will replace it with a picture.

Uppercase and lowercase letters: usage, rules, examples

Is a capital letter large or small? If you can not immediately answer this question, then read the article. In it, we will see what an uppercase letter means and how it differs from a lowercase letter. And also we will analyze the rules of lowercase and uppercase letters and give understandable examples.

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What do uppercase and lowercase letters mean

What are lowercase and uppercase letters? The examples are not always clear, so let's start with definitions:

Capital or uppercase letters are graphic characters used in writing that are larger than line boundaries. They are also called the big ones.

A lowercase letters are graphic characters that do not exceed the size of a line in writing. They are also called small letters.

The very name "capital letters" arose in Russian from the verb "prescribe". In ancient texts there were no capital letters, all words were written from lowercase. And only at the beginning of the chapters, the first letter, which was called the “letter letter”, was depicted more than all the others. It was written by hand. Therefore, now capital letters are also called uppercase.

In Russian, every lowercase letter has a capital counterpart. Even "b", "y" and "b", although it is difficult to imagine where they can be used. However, not all experts support this opinion and prefer to consider that the Russian language has 33 lowercase and only 30 capital letters.

Another feature of the Russian language is that the spelling of large and capital letters does not always coincide. So, for example, they differ in writing:

• capital " A " and lowercase " a ";
• capital " B " and lowercase " b ";
• capital " D " and lowercase " d ";
• capital " E " and lowercase " e " and some others.

Uppercase and lowercase letters in different languages ​​

Capital letters are used in many languages ​​of the Indo-European family: Greek, Slavic, Germanic and Romance.

What does the capital letter mean in these languages? It can mean the beginning of a new phrase, a proper name, a geographical name, and much more. Below we will analyze in detail in which cases a capital letter is written.

However, not all language systems can observe the use of capital letters. Hebrew, Arabic, Indian, Thai and other languages ​​use only lowercase alphabetic characters.

There were no capital letters in the Glagolitic alphabet, the first Russian written language. Capital letters firmly came into use only in the 18th century and all thanks to the great reformer Peter I. He not only brought reforms to Russia, but also introduced a civil typeface that contained both small and large letters.

There are many words in Hebrew that are spelled the same but read differently and have different meanings. For example, the word "דוד" can sound like "dod" and mean "uncle" , as "dud" - "bak" and as "David" - a male name. How do the Israelis understand where is the meaning? Exceptional context.

Uppercase and lowercase letters: spelling rules

Let's see what rules to follow when using uppercase and lowercase letters in Russian. And to make it easier to remember, let's give examples of uppercase and lowercase letters in words.

Capital letter at the beginning of a sentence

The basic rule is: always write a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence.

Example: It's easy to make a term paper. It is necessary to choose a topic, write the text and check for errors. Pay special attention to words with -Н- and -НН-, conjugation of verbs and spelling of particles "not" and "neither" with different parts of speech.

By the way! For our readers there is now a 10% discount on any kind of work.

It is customary to capitalize not only the first word in standard sentences, but also every new line in poetic works. This rule works even when the author didn't finish the sentence:

Night, street, lamp, pharmacy,

Meaningless and dim light.

Live at least another quarter of a century -

Everything will be like this. There is no exit.

If you die, you start over again

And everything will repeat as of old:

Night, ice ripples of the channel,

Pharmacy, street, lamp.

Alexander Blok

Capital letter in proper names

Another rule that always works: capital letters are written in proper names. It remains to figure out what applies to them.

Proper names are the names of objects or phenomena that are unique and stand out from the general mass of homogeneous concepts.

On the contrary, common nouns are names that apply to entire groups of similar objects. Such nouns always begin with lowercase letters.

Let's look at specific cases when a capital letter is written in proper names. And also remember the exceptions, without which it is impossible to imagine the Russian language:

Rule	Example	Exception
Surnames, first names and patronymics of people	Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Pushkin, Mashenka, Marina Ivanovna.	If proper names are used as a common noun, they are written with a lower case: Pikapers are modern don Juans and womanizers.
In pseudonyms, nicknames and nicknames	Maxim Gorky, Bolbes and Experienced.	If nicknames are used for a whole group of people: Why are balls dangerous for society?
Animal names	Dolly the sheep, Barbos the dog, Murka the cat.	If the nickname is used as a common name for the group: In the morning, any watchdog barks just like that.
In the names of fairy-tale characters	Princess Nesmeyana Mermaid, Puss in Boots.
In the names of gods	Jesus, Allah, Mara, Poseidon, Osiris, Quetzalcoatl.	The word itself "god" can be written with both capital and lowercase letters. In church texts, they often write with a capital letter, but in popular literature - with a small letter.
In religious names	Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Holy Scripture, Koran, Mother of God, Wailing Wall.
Place names	Arctic Ocean, Kilimanjaro, New York, Serpukhovo.
In street and avenue names	Alexander Nevsky Square, Tsvetochnaya Street, Raduzhny Lane.
In the names of astronomical bodies and objects	Planet Venus, satellite of Jupiter, Halley's comet, Milky Way galaxy.	If this is not an astronomical object, but a homonym: planet Earth and native land.
In the names of historical eras and events	Renaissance, October Revolution, War of the Scarlet and White Roses.
In the names of holidays	Walpurgis Night, Independence Day, Victory Day, First of May, but May 1st.	If this is the date of the holiday, then it is written with a small one: New Year is celebrated on December 31st.
In the names of awards	Title of Hero of Russia, Order of the Legion of Honor, but Order of the Red Star.
In legal official names of companies and brands that are quoted	Suzuki Auto Concern, Gorbunov's Bureau Creative Agency, Orlovsky Park Hotel.	The name is not quoted if it is written in Latin letters: Hilton hotel, Pixies creative agency, BMW concern.
In the names of organizations and institutions	Federation Council, United Nations, European Union.
In unique titles and positions	President of the Russian Federation, Prime Minister.	All other positions are written with a small one: NATO Secretary General, EU Minister, Bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Abbreviated	CIS, IAEA, UN, PE, MIA, USA.	Some abbreviations are always written with a small letter: university, college, dot, bunker, bum, interim, spa.
In the titles of scientific articles, literary titles and other works	The novel "War and Peace", the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower", the article "Why sleep should be a priority for every student".

What are capital letters in street names? Examples may vary depending on the literary norm. So, in the names Chistye Prudy, Kuznetsky Most, Nikitsky Gates , only the first word was capitalized. Now the norm has changed and both words are capitalized: Chistye Prudy, Kuznetsky Most, Nikitsky Gates . If in doubt about spelling, refer to dictionaries.

Capital letter in adjectives

There are several cases in which adjectives are written with a capital letter, and they also need to be remembered:

1. If the adjective expresses belonging to a specific person. For example, Misha's shirt, Vanka's stories.
2. If the adjective refers to the memory of a famous person. For example, Pushkin Evenings, Spring Tolstoy Readings.

If the expression has become a household word, then it is written with a lowercase letter: Sisyphean labor, Turgenev young ladies, oatmeal porridge.

Capital letter after colon

What other words are capitalized? Those with which direct speech begins. In the text, this is formalized as follows:

• the words of the author come first;
• then put a colon;
• in quotation marks write the words of direct speech.

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