Reading level comparisons


Leveling Chart | Scholastic Guided Reading Program for the Classroom

Use the grid below to shop by Guided Reading, Developmental Reading Assessment (DRA), and Lexile® Levels. This chart includes Lexile level recommendations and may also be used as a general leveling guide.

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Grade Scholastic Guided
Reading Level
DRA Level Lexile® Levels

Grade Scholastic Guided
Reading Level
DRA Level Lexile® Levels
Kindergarten
A–1
2
3–4
6
Beginning Reader
1
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
A–1
2
3–4
6
8
10
12
14
16
190L-530L
2
E
F
G
H
I
J-K
L-M
N
8
10
12
14
16
16–18
20–24
28–30
420L-650L
3
J-K
L-M
N
O-P
Q
16–18
20–24
28–30
34–38
40
520L-820L
4
M
N
O-P
Q-R
S-T
20–24
28–30
34–38
40
40–50
740L-940L
5
Q-R
S-V
W
40
40-50
60
830L-1010L
6
T-V
W-Y
Z
50
60
70
925L–1070L

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Booksource Reading Level Correlation Chart

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Reading Level Chart

 

Booksource knows that reading levels can serve as a helpful tool for educators. Use this Reading Level Chart to better understand how the common leveling systems correlate to one another and match students to texts that can be read with success. To start shopping for books by reading level, click on your desired Grade, Guided Reading or Lexile Level below.

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To shop for books, tap on your desired Grade, Guided Reading or Lexile Level below. View more information by swiping left and right.

Grade
Level

Guided
Reading

Lexile
Level

DRA
Level

Reading
Recovery

Asset 5

Booksource relies only on reputable sources for our leveling information. Each reading level system is designed independently, using various metrics to determine grade level targets. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the levels presented.

Asset 5

Guided Reading is based on standards developed by Irene Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. When leveling a title, Fountas & Pinnell consider factors such as text difficulty, vocabulary and developmental appropriateness. For example, a level P book is appropriate for grade three students in terms of both content and complexity.

When necessary, Booksource relies on publisher guided reading levels. Every effort is made to ensure that reading levels designated by publishers are comparable to Fountas & Pinnell reading levels.

Asset 5

Lexile levels are determined through quantitative evaluation of sentence length and difficulty. Theme and developmental appropriateness are not considered. Lexile measures are from @2011 Metametrics, Inc., and appear by permission with all rights reserved. Lexile and related marks are registered trademarks of MetaMetrics, Inc.

Asset 5

Developmental Reading Level Assessment, better known as DRA, was developed by Joetta Beaver and published by Celebration Press, 1977. DRA is a method of assessing and documenting achievement within a literature-based instructional program.

Asset 5

Developed by Marie M. Clay in the 1970s as a short intervention program, Reading Recovery helps low achieving first-graders reach grade level standards through one-on-one tutoring. Reading Recovery is a registered trademark of The Ohio State University.

Emergent

Asset 5

Books for emergent readers tell simple stories, with one to two lines per page. They follow patterns and use repeated vocabulary. Emergent readers “read” from picture cues, and from hearing the story read aloud. Concepts are familiar.

Emergent readers are developing an understanding of the alphabet and will recognize beginning letters and some sight words. They can attend to short read alouds featuring familiar narratives and concepts. Emergent readers may “pretend” read, as they recount a familiar story or rely heavily on picture cues.

Kindergarten

A

BR

A-1

1

B

2-3

2

C

4

3-4

D

6

5-6

Early

Asset 5

Books for early readers contain more pages and longer sentences. There is more variety in sentence structure. They include high-frequency words and picture cues to provide support while introducing early readers to new vocabulary. Concepts are familiar.

Early readers start to read simple stories and can sound out new words with one or two syllables. They will recognize and read some high-frequency words and begin self-monitoring for some comprehension. They predict words based on beginning sounds and picture cues.

Grade 1

E

190L-530L

8

7-8

F

10

9-10

G

12

11-12

H

14

13-14

I

16

15-17

J

18

18-20

Transitional

Asset 5

Books for transitional readers include a larger core of frequently-used words, new vocabulary and longer words that require chunking. These books include text features and are on varied topics and from multiple genres. Transitional books can be short chapter books or more complex picture books. Concepts are less familiar and the text encourages readers to make connections.

Transitional readers have developed several reading strategies for decoding and monitoring comprehension. They read longer, more complex texts, including narratives and informational texts, with fluency and phrasing. Their rate of reading has increased, and they are transitioning from reading to decode to reading to comprehend and learn.

Grade 2

K

420L-650L

20

18-20

L

24

M

28

Grade 3

N

520L-820L

30

O

34

P

38

Fluent

Asset 5

Books for fluent readers come from different genres and sources. The text is longer and more complex and requires sustained understanding over a few days or weeks of reading. Text features are used to gain and infer meaning. Fluent readers read for purposes such as enjoyment or for learning. Many concepts are new, as fluent readers read to gain new ideas and explore new perspectives.

Fluent readers read fluently with phrasing, inflection and expression. They read independently and silently. They will read for longer durations and maintain comprehension of the text over several days or weeks. They set purposes for reading, and react to text. Fluent readers understand that reading will build knowledge, and influence ideas and attitudes.

Grade 4

Q

740L-940L

40

R

S

Grade 5

T

830L-1010L

50

U

V

Grade 6

W

925L-1070L

60

X

Y

Proficient

Asset 5

Proficient readers continue to read for a variety of purposes, including learning or enjoyment. Books are specific to subject matter, such as the sciences or the humanities. Text is in different styles and lengths and includes different genres, contents and authors to meet a range of self-set purposes for reading.

Proficient readers read across a wide variety of materials and for multiple purposes. They make adjustments to their reading style based on the text and their purpose. They read regularly, for enjoyment and knowledge, and synthesize information from reading.

Due to mature content, the Z+ titles should be reserved for high school and adult readers. Reader discretion is advised.

Grade 7

Z

970L-1120L

70

Grade 8

Z

1010L-1185L

80

Grade 9-12

Z (+)

1050L-1385L

How to read 100 books a year

Is your list of books to read growing? Do you buy books that you don't even touch later? It's time to fix it.

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Buy a lot of books

Read constantly

Read faster

Do not disperse attention

Properly approach choice

Read several books simultaneously

Remember read

Warren Buffett, one of the most successful businessmen in world, describes his day like this: "I just sit in the office and read all day. " He advises everyone read as much as possible, and that is indeed a worthy goal. How to make reading permanent habit?

If you have read this article, you are probably also concerned about the fact that you read fewer books than you would like. Every year we read less and less. After school, university, work, family, new worries, obligations appear - and reading goes to second plan. nine0004

But in order to really achieve something in this world, you need to constantly gain new knowledge. And books are one of the best sources of information and other people's experiences. So let's set ourselves a goal of reading at least 100 books a year.

Fools learn from my own experience, I prefer to learn from the experience of others.

- Otto von Bismarck, the first Chancellor of the German Empire

Books cost both time and money. But if everyone can find the time, then the situation with money is more complicated. And here you have two options: earn or save.

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But make sure the books are worth your investment. Maybe, you personally do not need books and the Internet with television perfectly replace them. In such If so, just don't worry about reading less books. There is nothing terrible in this. Most people simply don't need it. They can safely give 200 dollars for a pair of shoes, but will regret spending the same amount on 20 new books. It's up to you what to choose. nine0003

But if you want to know more, you have to buy. The point of this advice is that the more books you have at home, the more choices you have, and this will help you read more.

Here's why. Reading most of the books you don't plan ahead. You don't sit down in January and say, "In the first week of June, I'll be reading this book". Usually you finish a book and look through your bookshelf to decide what to buy. what to take next. nine0048 If there is no suitable option at hand, you stop reading, until something worthwhile catches your eye. Therefore, it is important that you always have a small supply books.

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Have a stock of books — means to always have a reason to read.

Read at least 1 hour a day on weekdays and more during weekends and holidays. Find time for reading in your schedule. Don't make excuses for being too tired or too busy. nine0003

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Reading all the time means reading when you are:

  • on the train;
  • feed the baby;
  • eat;
  • are in line at the hospital;
  • are bored at work.

And most importantly: read while others watch the news on TV or check for the 113th time of the day Facebook*. nine0004

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If you can do this, you can easily read 100 books per year. Most people read about 50 pages per hour. If you read 10 hours per week, you will read 26,000 pages in a year. Let's assume that on average there are 250 pages. Simple arithmetic: so you can read 104 books in a year. Moreover, you can even take a two-week break, and then you get exactly 100.

This is a good result, worth the time spent. What can not be said about reading the news on social networks.

to read? I don't spend much time watching TV (the only exception is football season when I watch one game a week). I watch very few films. I don't spend Lots of commuting time to work. I don't spend a lot of time shopping. nine0004

- Shane Parrish, blogger Farnam Street

Looking at the statistics, the average person spends 35 hours a week watching TV, an average of one hour a day commuting to and from work and at least 1 hour per week for shopping. In total, this gives 43 hours a week, and at least some of that time could be spent reading.

The obvious way to read more is to learn to read faster. And for most of us, quick wins are much more appealing than routine, slow reading. nine0003

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So how fast can you read?

Staples, one of of the largest companies in the United States, engaged in the sale of office equipment, collected data on reading speeds of different people as part of an e-book advertising campaign. There are also Russian-language services for measuring reading speed. For example, you can check yourself here. nine0004

According to research Staples, the average adult reads about 300 words per minute. But this is, of course, conditional. data. The rate depends on age and some other demographics.

  • A 3rd grade student reads about 150 words per minute.
  • 8th grade student - 250 words per minute.
  • Average college student - 450 words per minute. nine0068
  • Average high-level manager - 575 words per minute.
  • Average college teacher - 675 words per minute.
  • Speed ​​Reader - 1,500 words per minute.
  • World Champion Speed ​​Reader - 4,700 words per minute.

But fast reading is not always the best way to read more. Reading comprehension is much more important. Often high reading speed or reading obliquely leads to the fact that we retain worse in memory information and forget the details. However, if you can improve your speed a little reading while maintaining reading comprehension is fine. This will definitely be beneficial. But reading faster isn't the only way to read more. nine0003

You can read quickly, or you can read a lot. The combination of these two skills is a great way to teach yourself to read and not get bored, but at the same time, each of these skills is valuable in itself.

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In fact, for many people it is important not only to read book from beginning to end, for them the story itself is more important. Reading speed doesn't have that much values ​​if you are reading for pleasure. nine0004

From this point of view, the desire to read more means having more time to read and getting more information in general: from books, magazines, blog articles, and so on.

And let's start with the main question. As how many books do you read in a year? According to research, the average adult reads 17 books a year.

The key word here is average. Because the gap between those who reads, and those who do not read, too big. There are those who read much more than 17 books in a year, there are those who read much less - not a single one. According to a 2013 survey, 44% of Russians generally do not take a single book in hand for the whole year. nine0004

So let's look at 3 easy way to take in more information.

Method
by Tim Ferris

Method No. 1

Tim Ferris, author of How to Work 4 Hours a a week and at the same time not to hang around in the office “from call to call”, live anywhere and get rich” and others bestsellers, has its own technique that helps to increase the speed of reading by 3 times. This technique consists of two techniques. nine0003

Use a pencil to follow and set the pace (this is how some people run their fingers along the lines during reading). Many often return to what they read, jumping with their eyes along the lines. Such indentation slows down reading. But if you point your way with a pencil, then stop getting lost in the text, which means you can read faster.

Start every new line not from the first, but at least from the third word and finish reading the line in three words to end. Try to figure out the rest on your own or capture it with a peripheral vision. At first, do not worry about whether you understand what you read or not, because that the main goal is to adjust your eyes to the new reading speed. Ferris claims, that one should strive to read a line in half a second. Repeat this process until you get used to this speed, at which point reading comprehension will also start improve. nine0003

The first technique can be used to master second. With practice, you will train your peripheral vision and begin to quickly perceive words that your vision is not directly aimed at.

Untrained readers spend half their time in the margins, moving from the first word to the last. This means, that they spend 20–25% of their reading time on parts of the page that do not contain no information. nine0004

— Tim Ferris, writer

Use technology

Method #2

Is there room for innovation in reading? The emergence of new method confirms that it is. The Spritz speed reading system helps you read faster and platforms like Makeright to digest the contents of a book faster.

Spritz nine0004

Shows one by one word from an article or book at a time inside a special field. Each word in red one letter is highlighted to facilitate concentration. You set the speed at which it is convenient for you to perceive the text, gradually increasing this indicator. You can install readers that use Spritz technology on your smartphone (there are options for both iOS and Android), download your books and read them faster. nine0003

Makeright

Service that publishes summaries of popular books on business, psychology, science and health. You literally in 15 minutes you will learn the main provisions from the work of interest to you, the most saving your time. If you are interested in the book, then buy the full version and enjoy.

Buy eBook

Method no. 3

People who prefer e-books read in an average of 24 books per year, while adherents of traditional paper publications - only 15.

This is quite understandable. E-books are easy to use, portable and convenient. With they make it easier to spend a little time reading when there is a free minute. Of course, maybe you won't read 9 right awaymore books a year, but at least interesting spend time in line or on public transport.

This seemingly counterintuitive advice comes from the author of the seemingly controversial book The Art of Talking About Books You Haven't Read, Pierre Bayard.

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Bayard is convinced that books should not be approached with simplified position "read" and "not read" - there are several more options:

books we read;

books we flipped through;

books we have heard about;

books whose content we forgot;

books that we never opened.

Have you ever come across a book that the rest, just amazing, but which did not hook you in any way? And it's not because this book really sucks. nine0004

Just not all books fit to each. The book may be a top seller, but you may be disappointed written. Or maybe this book fell into your hands at the wrong time.

Anyway, if you can't turn the page, put the book aside and take hold of one that truly brings you joy and pleasure. nine0004

Possibly to read more books, you should look at the process of reading from the other side? For example, for to keep abreast of fashionable literary novelties, you do not have to read bestsellers from the cover to the crust - just run them obliquely. Conversely, for books that really matter to you, approach more thoughtfully and seriously. nine0004

Read literature that is relevant to what is happening in your life. people already 2 Books have been written for 000 years, and among them there were many who found themselves in the same situation as and you: struggling teenagers, aspiring artists, broke entrepreneurs, new parents, and so on.

Read books that related to your profession or hobby. Read about the people who make you feel Delight. But don't pick up a book just because it's a bestseller or classics. nine0003

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time to read about things that don't interest you at all.

There are no strict rules for reading, so you can do whatever you want.

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Sometimes I read 5 books at a time. Yes, I I can read 50 pages of one book in the morning, and in the evening take up another. Although this is also a matter of taste. Someone else will probably prefer to read the book from beginning to end, before than take on another. nine0004

If you are reading something difficult, save for the evening something easier. For example, before going to bed it is nice to read biographies. Yes, and artistic Literature is best in the evening.

But I can't read a book about investments lying in bed with a pen and notepad. If I do so, then I simply won’t be able to fall asleep until 3 in the morning, because the brain begins to work actively, assimilating new knowledge. nine0003

Knowledge is good because it can be used. But to keep knowledge in memory, you need a system. We offer you 3 memorization methods to choose from. They can be used individually or as part of a system.

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METHOD #1

Train your brain with impressions, associations and repetition

To better remember the books you read, you need to understand how our brain stores information. In this he is helped by impressions, associations and repetition. Let's take a look at an example. Let's say you're reading How win friends and influence people by Dale Carnegie, did you enjoy the book and you want to remember as much as possible.

Impressions

Link the impressions to the text. Stop and try to imagine a picture in your head with yourself in the lead role. For example, when Carnegie describes his dislike of criticism, imagine that you get the Nobel Peace Prize and then throw away your prize. One more the way to turn on impressions is to read the passage aloud. Some of us are better perceive information aurally rather than visually. nine0004

Associations

Link the text to something you already know. This method best used in conjunction with the technique of repetition. In the case of the Carnegie book, if you want to remember some principle, remember a specific example from your life when you could use it. Prior knowledge is the basis for building strong associations. nine0003

Repetition

The more you repeat, the more you remember. You you can immediately reread the passage you like or leave a bookmark to come back to it later.

By combining these elements, you will be able to memorize better and better. The more you practice, the more you will memorize. nine0003

WAY #2

Focus
on four reading levels

In his book How to Read Books, Mortimer Adler identifies 4 levels of reading (each new level of perception of the book is based on previous one):

Elementary

The one we were taught in school.

Inspection

Inspection reading can take two forms: fast, insufficiently careful reading or scrolling through the preface, table of contents, indexes and title pages. nine0004

Analytical

Involves a thorough, comprehensive study of the book.

Thematic

Read other books on the subject and compare your experiences.

Better understand the context and content of the book simple rules will help.

Classify the book according to topics. nine0004

State the main book's contents. Be brief.

Make a list of the main parts in sequence and establish connections between them. Describe very briefly the content of each.

Identify the problem or problems the author is trying to solve.

When you take apart a book, you fix it in memory of the impressions received from it. Analysis of publications similar in subject matter will help not only to better understand the material, but also to remember it for a long time. nine0003

METHOD #3

Take notes

Take notes - This is one of the most popular and effective ways to remember the books you read.

When reading a book, do pencil notes in the margins, and highlight important passages with a marker. If you read e-books, add bookmarks and save text. But don't underline everything that seems even slightly interesting to you. Select only what which impresses you. nine0004

If you read what If you definitely want to remember, turn down the corner of the page. For e-readers books: take a picture of the screen and save it as a note.

When you finish the book, go back to the folded pages and run your eyes over the notes.

Write in your own words (using the application or a regular notepad), what was the book read about and what advice given by the author. nine0004

Write down the most important quotes.

When I I finish a book, I put it aside for a week or two, and then I come back to it. I look at my notes and the places I marked as important. I write them out. Or I put the book down again for a week or two.

- Shane Parrish, blogger Farnam Street

It's not that you just make a copy books. This is how you process information that may be useful to you in the future.

It doesn't matter which note-taking method you use. The main thing is that he was. Keep it as simple as possible so that when you finish reading the book, you want to take advantage of them.

Read as much as you can, but remember to The most important thing is to apply the acquired knowledge in practice. If you spend a lot of time for reading books, make sure that this activity gives you something in return. nine0003

subject:

Author and layout — Lera Merzlyakova.
Editor — Natalya Skornyakova.

Sources: How To Read 100 Books A Year
The Art of Reading, Remembering, and Retaining More Books people in the world are mountains of books they don't read

If you love to read as much as I do, then going to a bookstore is like going to a candy store for a child.

The shelves are lined with treasures of human wisdom, revelations that each of the authors has been polishing for years. It's all here, right at your fingertips, concentrated in a format that makes you want to curl up and under the covers.

Naturally, you pull out a credit card or press the "Buy" button.

And the books are piling up. On your shelves. In the bedroom. In car. Maybe even in the bathroom. nine0004

The most selfless bibliophiles are looking for a place where no one had ever guessed to put books before:


Source: http://bit.ly/2JRrqbk

And as books accumulate, so does your greed. No, not the desire to read all the books you buy. Thirst not to finish reading those books that you have started.

If the next maxim is about you, then I have to please you.

"Even if you don't have time to read them all, it's good for you to overfill your bookshelves or reader." nine0003 — Jessica Stillman

In this article, I will explain why, for those who really take the time to read and learn to learn, unread books scattered around the house just indicate high intelligence, and not its absence.

Transferred to Alconost

Not only are heaps of unread books scattered everywhere - this is the handwriting of a smart guy; such a person will make you an excellent company. I finally came to terms with my own greed when I got to know the reading habits of brilliant entrepreneurs in detail and interviewed my most successful friends in my own way. nine0390 Most of them read only 20-40 percent of the books they buy. Many of them can read 10 books at a time. In fact, one of the most avid readers in the tech beau monde, a self-made billionaire entrepreneur, estimates that... of them. I end up reading 1-2 books a week.”
— Patrick Collison

What is going on? nine0004

Studying the reading habits of others, coupled with the tremendous changes in our knowledge-dominated society, I became convinced that our new times dictate new ways of searching, filtering, consuming and applying knowledge - the only way to change lives for the better.

The explosion of information in a variety of media and formats, new research tools to help us find the best information, and apps to help us absorb it not only encourage us to read more. They encourage us to read in a new way. nine0004

A big part of my reading life is the old fashioned way of getting into art, but when I read to learn rather than to relax, I use a lot of tricks and strategies to figure out which books to buy and how to read them.

Here are some of the smartest non-fiction reading hacks I've picked up from world-class entrepreneurs.

Life hack one: Treating books as an experiment

My friend Emerson Spartz, a successful serial entrepreneur and investor who has read thousands of books, convincingly demonstrates that buying a book is an experiment. The costs are small: you have to pay $ 15 and spend a little time. However, if you're lucky, the book can change your life. The rates are very good! nine0004

It is known that the more "smart" experiments you do, the higher your chances of finding a breakthrough experiment that will change everything. The most celebrated scientists and the most successful companies are usually the ones that experiment the most.

My experience is that you need to study, buy and research 10 books before you find the one that, in my opinion, contains breakthrough knowledge.

A good experimenter is willing to take some losses. Thus: every time you get a book, and it turns out to be nonsense, you are still one step closer to the book that will change your life. nine0004

Life hack two: Practice fractal reading

We, as a knowledge society, have reached a tipping point. The metadata generated by books (ie, author's interviews, author's presentations, book abstracts, reviews, citations, first and last chapters, etc.) are often as valuable as the book itself.

Why?

  • All this is free. This information allows you to try many more books before you buy. Consequently, in every "experiment" with the purchase of a book, our chances of success increase. nine0068
  • This is multimedia. All of this information is available in text, audio, and video format, making it a better fit for your daily routine (for example, you can read it while traveling back and forth or at work).
  • In this case, we have a high signal-to-noise ratio. In the abbreviated format, all the water is removed, the main ideas are presented immediately.

Just as a book is the quintessence of an author's best ideas, metadata is the quintessence of a book. nine0004

This is why I call this approach to reading "fractal"; because fractals are figures whose structure reveals identical patterns regardless of scale.

We have reached a point where it may be more useful and convenient to read non-fiction in the "fractal" mode, rather than the entire book from cover to cover. For example, I can estimate that I spend 50% of the purposeful study time on fractal reading, and not on deep sequential reading. This makes it easier for me to choose books to dive into and also to recognize the most important and essential sections of the book so that I can jump directly to them. In most cases, a fractal reading of five books will be more valuable and exciting for me than studying one book from cover to cover. nine0004

Here's how it's done:

  • Reading 2-3 book summaries (google search). For almost any book, you can find several annotations, which often contain the most sensible information from the book (20% of the ideas containing 80% of its value). Let me explain: here I mean only non-fiction books; This rule, of course, does not apply to fiction.
  • Listening to the author's interview (podcasts, Google). The interviews are engaging, and the facilitator takes over your job, asking the author the most essential and intriguing questions that emerge from the book. nine0068
  • Watching the author's presentation (TED, Google or university lecture). When an author is forced to pack a 200-page book into a 20-minute lecture, he shares his biggest ideas, combining them into an optimal story.
  • Read the most helpful 1-star, 2-star, 3-star, 4-star and 5-star reviews (Amazon). Amazon helps everyone quickly sort through their most thoughtful reviews, from readers who fell in love with it to those who hated it. nine0068
  • Reading the first and last chapters of the book. The first and last chapters of a book often contain the most valuable information (of course, this principle does not work if you want to plunge headlong into a novel). In addition, the first and last paragraphs of each chapter contain its most valuable ideas. Given that Google Books has free e-book samples and Amazon has a Look Inside feature, you can often get the first and last chapter of a book for free.
  • nine0077

    Life hack three: Unread books should remind us how little we really know

    Intellectual humility is so valuable not only because it is a virtue. It is valuable because it allows us to more realistically conceptualize ourselves and our place in the world, and this helps us live more efficiently and harmoniously. For example, humility helps us make better decisions and inspires us to study and learn.

    This is how I see it: there were billions of people in the world who accumulated knowledge and documented it for thousands of years. The knowledge of one person compared to the collective knowledge of all mankind is only a drop in the ocean. And this sea is expanding at an unfathomable rate. Most of the scientists who have ever lived in the world are our contemporaries! nine0004

    Moreover, if we talk about all the knowledge that mankind is able to obtain, and about what we have already managed to discover, then the first is like the whole Universe, and the second is like a grain of sand. So, here are three levels for cultivating our humility:

    1. Individual Knowledge
    2. Modern knowledge of mankind
    3. All potential knowledge

    However, at the level of everyday tangible experience, it seems that we know much more than we really do. When all is well, it seems to many that they have comprehended the notorious "meaning of life." It's like we're at the end of a cycle instead of the beginning. It’s just that we are constantly reminded of the already known and rarely (if ever) of the unknown. nine0004

    Naturally, conceptually, we can realize that we know far from everything, but we do not physically feel it. I was reminded of this recently when I spent two hours touring two of Princeton's six libraries. I happened to pass an area of ​​10 football fields filled with books and scientific journals. On the one hand, I was inspired by looking at all this and realizing that all this can be studied. On the other hand, he experienced extreme humility. Libraries have helped me to realize how little I currently know, and to understand that even if I spent my whole life just reading, I would learn a small fraction of what is collected in them. nine0004

    Collecting anti-library , that is, accumulating unread books at home, one can experience similar feelings. Nassim Taleb, a successful investor and best-selling author, brilliantly describes the value of the anti-library in his book Black Swan :

    “A personal library is not an image accessory, but a working tool. Read books are far less important than unread ones. The library should contain as much of the unknown as your finances, mortgages, and the current difficult real estate market will allow you to fit into it. As the years go by, your knowledge and your library will grow, and the growing ranks of unread books will begin to look at you menacingly. In fact, the wider your horizons, the more shelves you have of unread books. Let's call this collection of unread books the anti-library." nine0003

    Not only Taleb is of this opinion. The Italian writer and philosopher Umberto Eco collected over 30,000 books. Thomas Jefferson collected 6,000 books, thus, at that time, his library was the largest in the country. Jay Walker, the founder of Priceline.com, amassed such a huge library that he later built his house around it. Thomas Edison set up his desk in the center of his own three-story library. Bill Gates has many rooms in his house, but his favorite is his own colossal 2,100-square-foot library. nine0004


    Personal Library of Jay Waker, founder Priceline.com


    Tomas Edison library


    Personal library Bill Gates

    Lifehac Fourth: CHARD LIFE. In one excellent podcast from the Knowledge Project, Patrick Collison, founder of the Stripe project, self-made billionaire, puts forward the following thesis:

    only known. However, as soon as you find another book that seems more interesting or more important, the current handbook should not hesitate to discard ... any other algorithm will cause your reading to get worse and worse over time. nine0003

    In other words, remember what you were taught and do exactly the opposite. Instead of trying hard to “finish off” any book you start, allow yourself to simply put this book aside - but only if you find a more valuable one. Life is too short and there are simply too many good books in the world. On the other hand, be careful not to overdo it—that is, don't turn down great books just because you've come across some novelty with a catchy title. nine0004

    How do you know if you're jumping randomly from book to book? This is where fractal reading comes in handy. If the book's meta-information didn't grab your attention, then it's unlikely that the whole book will be enough.

    Life hack five: Use the books you read to free up space in your head for the collision of great ideas

    It is known that targeted advertising is effective. The recipient perceives it both consciously and subconsciously. The same applies to those books that we correctly place in the existing context. nine0004

    My mentor, business partner and friend Eben Pagan compares a bookshelf to a playlist of timeless intellectual masterpieces:

    “The most important book on your shelf is the one you haven't read yet. If you have a promising book, it may not be time to read it yet. Maybe you will ripen to it in a year, or maybe in ten years. However, if you spot a book at the right moment, you will be interested in it and take it off the shelf.

    Patrick Collison talks along the same lines:

    “Another skill that I find very valuable is simply putting a book away. When someone recommends a book to me, I can often get myself a copy... and put it down. So, the books are in my kitchen. They lie in the bedroom. They are just scattered all over the place.

    Moreover, the situation is surprisingly common when someone else recommends you a book, or some aspect of it, and it is still at hand. In sight. And you'll think, "Oh, really, you need to get to know this thing." nine0004

    Or learn about the book's importance in some other way. Read in the article. You will begin to realize its zest, or the question posed in it, or something else.

    So one of the reasons why I continue to appreciate paper books is that the book creates a kind of idea space for you, in which fruitful collisions occur between such ideas more often.


    Life hack six: read books like magazines

    "Journal" reading of a book is a powerful metaphor. Picking up a magazine, we do not feel embarrassed if we skip some pages in it, or scroll diagonally in 5 minutes. On the contrary, we will scan the magazine in such a way as to find the most interesting and important articles, and then, having found them, we will carefully and slowly read them. This approach is very powerful on several levels:

    • Helps you find the most important information to study in depth.
    • Helps slow down so we can get the most out of the information we decide to delve into.
    • Makes it easier to read, making it easier for us to stay consistent.

    Let's face it, it's not as easy to focus for long periods of time as it used to be. Yes, it would be great to sit and read for hours without distraction, but if this is not done properly, then the benefit is zero. nine0004

    Avid reader and famed technology investor and entrepreneur Naval Ravikant has pioneered a reading system that helps to put even shortened periods of acute attention to good use.

    Ravikant noted that among the most valuable books there are a lot of old sources that form the basis for other books. He describes the value of these books in one of the Tim Ferriss podcast series:

    “The older the problem, the older the solution. When it comes to old topics, such as how to keep your body healthy, stay calm and peaceful, what value systems are good, how to arrange a family ... for such problems, the old solutions are perhaps better than the new ones, as they have stood the test of time. Any book that has existed for 2,000 years is "filtered" by a lot of people." nine0003

    However, Ravikant notes the important challenge of reading this kind of book:

    “…but I knew it was a very difficult problem, because my brain is used to Facebook, Twitter and other sources where information is given by the teaspoon. So I used this tactic when I started thinking of books as one-off blog articles or miniature tweets or Facebook posts. I don't feel any obligation to finish the book. Now, when someone points me to a book, I buy it. At any given time, I read between 10 and 20 books. I flip through them, as soon as the book starts to get boring, I skip the uninteresting. Sometimes I start reading a book from the middle, because a paragraph caught my attention, and I continue from there. I don't feel the need to read at all. If at some point it seems to me that the book is boring due to clearly erroneous fragments (and I can no longer trust the rest of the information that is presented in it), I simply delete them and no longer remember them. Now I treat books like others - any other easy information that can be found on the Internet. All of a sudden, books are back in my circle of reading.” nine0003

    Finally, it's not about how many books you read to the end

    It is difficult to distinguish between just a book plush and a smart reader, if you just visit their homes. Both of them will have books all over the place. However, this similarity is superficial. In fact, there are three key differences between plushkin and a smart reader.

    • Smart readers have a well-established learning ritual. I recommend sticking to the 5-hour rule: spend about an hour a day reading, following the example of many leading entrepreneurs and leaders. Today I devote 4-5 hours a day to systematic learning, while at the same time managing my company and raising two children. nine0068
    • Smart reader learns to learn. In other words, he learns to make the best use of his reading time. I wrote a free email course to help you master mental models, one of the most important skills to help you learn faster and better. This course explains the models that billionaire investors use to make business and investment decisions. This is an arsenal that you can begin to apply in life and in business right now. You will also learn how to incorporate these patterns naturally into your daily life. nine0068
    • Smart readers continue to act until they achieve the desired result. The value of theoretical knowledge lies in the ability to apply it in practice.

    If you consistently adhere to these three principles, then the time will soon come to say goodbye to guilt. You don't have to read every book on your shelf. And when you take a book off the shelf, you don't have to read it to the end.

    Plyushkin is proud of how many books he has, and an intelligent reader is proud of how much he was able to extract from his books. nine0004

    About the translator

    The article was translated by Alconost.

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