Short vowels anchor chart

Long & Short Vowel Sounds - Plus 2 Free Anchor Charts!

Alphabet | Grade 1 | Kindergarten | Pre-K | Vowels

ByKatie March 29, 2022November 4, 2022

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Learn the difference between short and long vowels, when to teach these sounds, and the rules for these sounds. For extra classrooom help, print the two free vowel anchor charts, with capital and lowercase letters and bright pictures to teach the long and short vowel sounds!

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Table of Contents

Teaching Long & Short Vowels
Short Vowel Sounds
Long Vowel Sounds
Printable Anchor Charts
Related Posts
Download & Print

Teaching Long & Short Vowels

Of the 26 letters in the English alphabet, the letters a, e, i, o, and u are vowels. The other 21 letters are consonants.

Every English word MUST include at least one vowel. That’s why knowing and practicing vowel sounds is so important when it comes to reading!

Children need to be introduced to these academic terms as early as pre-k, and they should leave kindergarten able to quickly and easily identify vowels and consonants in words.

This will be key as they begin progressing and coding words throughout elementary school!

Short Vowel Sounds

Short vowels are taught along with other letter sounds. Begin teaching short vowel sounds in pre-k and continue teaching them throughout all of kindergarten and the beginning of first grade.

👉 Rule: When there is one vowel in a word, either at the beginning or between two consonants, it usually has a short vowel sound.

Examples

Short A words: cat, map, hat, an, flag, bam, rat, fad, had, wag, jab, pan, chap, ram.
Short E words: leg, leg, pet, slef, hen, men, Zed, net, web, wed, west, hem, fed.
Short I words: is, in, lip, rim, lip, slid, pin, lick, lob, fin, thin, Tim, pin, fig, fit, hip, hit, whip.
Short O words: on, not, log, off, blog, mop, Tom, nod, slop, fox, fog, flop, hog, hop frog.
Short U words: up, ugly, mug, mud, lug, slum, fun, slug, rug, pup, slub, hug, hum, jug, jot.

Long Vowel Sounds

Long vowels are usually taught after the first few months of first grade.

Students should have a firm command reading words with short vowels, digraphs, consonant blends, and closed syllables before long vowels are introduced. They’ll continue learning long vowel spellings throughout the next few years of elementary school.

👉 Rule: Long vowels say their name.

Long A says /ā/.
Long E says /ē/.
Long I says /ī/.
Long O says /ō/.
Long U says /ū/.

Long vowel sounds can be heard at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. Long vowels can be spelled with a silent e (VCe pattern), a vowel team, or in an open syllable.

👉 Although there are many different long vowel spellings, I focus heavily on the ones we find most frequently in text, marked with an asterisk (*) below!

Long A

There are 8 ways to spell Long A:

a like baby*
a-e like cake*
ai like rain*
ay like day*
ei like reindeer
eigh like eight
ea like steak
ey like hey

Long E

There are 8 ways to spell Long E:

e like equal*
e-e like scere*
ee like bee*
ea like read*
y like baby*
ei like reiceipt
ie like cookie
ey like turkey

Long I

There are 6 ways to spell Long I:

i like lion*
i-e like bike*
igh like light*
y like fly*
y-e like type
ie like pie

Long O

There are 5 ways to spell long O:

o like no*
o-e like home*
oa like boat*
ow like bow*
oe like toe

Long U

Long u can actually make TWO sounds: ū (yoo) and ū (oo).

There are 5 ways to spell Long ū (yoo):

u like unicorn*
u-e like mute*
ue like argue*
ew like curfew*
eu like eucalyptus

There are 7 ways to spell Long ū (oo):

u like ruler*
u-e like tube*
ue like glue*
ew like stew*
oo like balloon
ou like soup
ui like fruit

👉 Tip: Do not teach all of the spellings above at one time. Instead, follow a systematic approach for teaching all of the spellings listed above. Work on one spelling pattern at a time until students have mastered it, then move on.

If you don’t know where to start, the Recipe for Reading book helps parents and teachers practically implement Orton Gillingham methodology with students.

Printable Anchor Charts

To help teach these concepts to kids, print both of the two free posters that can be used as anchor charts. One is focused on short vowel sounds and the other is focused on long vowel sounds.

The posters are designed to help promote both uppercase and lowercase recognition for each of the five vowels.

Each poster includes a bright picture that matches the keyword and includes the vowel sound.

Both posters use words where the vowel sounds are found at the beginning, allowing kids to hear and identify beginning sounds in words.

The Short Vowel Poster includes:

A a – /ă/ – apple
E e – /ĕ/ – elephant
I i – /ĭ/ – igloo
O o – /ŏ/ – octopus
U u – /ŭ/ – umbrella

The Long Vowel Poster includes:

A a – /ā/ – acorn
E e – /ē / – equal
I i – /ī/ – ice
O o – /ō/ – ocean
U u – /ū/ – unicorn and /oo/ like ruler.

Beginning Sounds Worksheet
CVC Word Families Anchor Chart
All About Open and Closed Syllables
Long Vowel Word Lists: A, E, I, O, and U.

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Anchor charts in the classroom: what it is and why you should try this method

Holidays are not only a time for rest, but also for teacher reflection. What did not work out last year, how to change the situation, what methods to use for this? For those who are asking these questions right now, we are talking about anchor charts - you just have time to study the issue in detail, be inspired by successful work (we give links!) And practice creating your own.

What are anchor charts?

These are visualizations that help children (including preschoolers) find out what awaits them today, or consolidate what they have gone through through concisely and clearly stated main points and blocks.

They are great for laying the foundation for a new learning unit and giving an overview of concepts. They also make it easy to break down complex concepts into manageable chunks.

Diagrams are good for reflection - when you need to summarize what we have learned, what we have learned, what was difficult and what was easy. It's a way to give (and receive) feedback. It is enough just to make one template, hang it in the class, and then change it. Or each student can create such a template for himself to work with him with or even without a teacher.

Photo: Teacher Trap

What diagrams should look like

It is desirable that they be quite simple! Don't try to transfer your entire lesson or activity to a diagram (or all preschool guidelines). A chart is a quick way for a child to get information, so don't oversaturate it. The same principle as in presentations: do not try to convey all your experience and knowledge on one slide.

It is desirable that they be colorful and structured. Before creating a diagram, think about how many blocks you want to place on it, and then think about the design. Of course, both preschoolers and younger students prefer those where not only words and arrows, but also, for example, illustrations.

Do you find it very difficult? Do you need imagination, talent for drawing and so on? But it is not so. This is not a situation where you should be embarrassed to borrow. Just go to, for example, Pinterest - there you will find dozens of already created diagrams, the ideas of which you can use to create your own. Here, for example, is a simple anchor picture for preschoolers on how to behave in class. And here the teacher very simply tells how to make such objects together with the students.

What is important

No need to repeat the same thing over and over again. Plus, sometimes it’s worth involving the children themselves in creating such diagrams. For example, if you want to reinforce some material, help children work here and now in the class.

Several types of such diagrams can be used in mathematics lessons. Some can help in the very organization of the lesson, others will be useful during class work - this is a focus on new material, introduced concepts. The third type of diagrams will help children learn to think strategically (for example, a diagram for mastering multiplication can include several strategies and focus on one particular one).

Three things to get you started:

Set a goal. The chart itself is worth nothing. What do you want to come to? For students to remember something? Then what is the most important thing in this?
Come up with a design. Sounds complicated, but! You can't even reinvent the wheel here. Feel free to borrow ideas from colleagues. Search the Internet, go to other teachers' classes.
Recruit students. And this is where the real magic can happen. Ask the children to think, brainstorm on a topic you have given and related to the diagram. And then add your and their offers to the table.

What else is worth paying attention to

Well, of course, where your “poster” will be placed. Do you do it only on paper or do you want to use it in electronic form as well?

In the classroom and preschool group, the diagram should be in a conspicuous place, otherwise what is the point in it. If you hang several of these posters, think about their placement so that you don't create a color mess on the walls that will confuse children. For elementary school, the organization of diagrams by subject is good, but in the middle school it is already by units and concepts that correspond to the program.

Photo: Teaching With Simplicity

What else is important? Even if you really liked the diagrams and you are convinced that they work, you should not abuse them. There is no need to make diagrams for every day, lesson, lesson. Choose those items that need fixing. And just remember that even in anchor charts, the recency effect works great. And if you do them every day, the children will get used to it and that very wow factor in perception will stop working.

Take charts off the walls as you and your children move forward. If you are sure that the concepts from the diagram are already fixed, remove it. If the material has not been fixed for some students, you can take a picture of a large diagram, print it in the format of a notebook sheet and distribute it to those who need additional work on the topic.

Cover photo: Shutterstock / Luria, Kindergarten Chaos