Space story for preschool

.

Gloomy military star.

(S. Zolottsev)

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Science fiction writers believed that intelligent beings live on Mars - Martians.

At the end of the 19th century, the Italian astronomer Schiaparelli discovered long straight lines on Mars,
which he called channels. The American astronomer Percival Lovell suggested that the Martians suffered from a drought that repeats every year, and therefore dug channels from the poles to the equator. It wasn't until decades later, when powerful telescopes were built, that scientists discovered that the canals were actually just chains of craters or high mountains, which at a great distance appear to be straight lines.

With the beginning of the era of space flight, Mars began to be explored by automatic probes. In 1962, the Soviet station "Mars-1" passed at a distance of 197 thousand kilometers from the planet. In July 1965, the American spacecraft Mariner 4 flew near Mars. He transmitted the first photographs of the surface of Mars.

In 1976, two Viking landers landed on Mars and discovered a lifeless, cold world there.

… Craters blackened menacingly

And placers of stones,

But there were wild rocks

Darker and more formidable!

They, like peaks, crashed

into the cloudless expanse.

No shrubs, no grass,

No rivers, no lakes.

(S. Baranov)

Mars has the largest mountains in the solar system. The extinct volcano Olympus has a height of 27 kilometers. It is three times higher than Everest!

Geologists believe that there used to be a lot of water on Mars. Pictures taken by spacecraft show long, branching valleys that look like dry riverbeds. Their length is tens and hundreds of kilometers. Today, scientists believe that there is no intelligent life on Mars, although it is possible that simple organisms could (or can still exist) here. Studies of space probes have not yet confirmed, but they have not refuted this fact either.

back to contents ↑

ORBITAL STATION

This is what the International Space Station (ISS) looks like in Earth's orbit. Constantly, changing every 2-3 months, international crews of astronauts work on it.
The twentieth century, taking off to the galaxies,

Brings us all a solemn message:

There is an astronaut - such a profession,

There is already such a position in the world.

(B. Bozhilov)

The first long-term station operating in orbit was our Salyut. She was launched into space in 1971. The station was divided into several compartments: working, sleeping, instrumental. The Salyut had everything the cosmonauts needed for a long flight, even an exercise bike and a treadmill.

The first station worked for three years. Following it, other, more modern stations went into earth orbit.

From 1986 to 2001, the Mir station flew in Earth orbit. It was a whole scientific complex. Mir had its own metallurgical shop, an astronomical observatory and even a greenhouse. Mir became the first station to which both Soviet Soyuz vehicles and American reusable spacecraft arrived. Over the 15-year period of the station's existence, more than 100 people of various nationalities visited it. At the station "Mir" the flight duration record was broken. Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov spent 14 months aboard the station from January 1994th to March 1995.

In 1998, the first two modules (the Russian Zarya and the American Unity) of the International Space Station were launched into orbit. And in 2000, the first crew of two Russian and one American cosmonaut arrived on the ISS. Solar panels were deployed to provide the station with electricity. In the near future, all modules will be completed to the station, and its length will exceed 100 meters.

back to contents ↑

PLANET EARTH

There is one garden planet

This space is cold.

Only here the forests are noisy,

Birds Sklucking the flights,

Only on it they bloom on the same

valley in the Green grass,
and dragonfly only

in the river is surprised at the river. …

Take care of your planet —

There is no other like it!

(J. Akim)
The planets that make up the Solar System revolve around the Sun. The most beautiful and most interesting of the planets is our Earth. This is what the Earth looks like from space - it is not for nothing that it is called the "blue planet".

Earth is the only planet in the solar system where life exists. Earth formed at the same time as the other planets in the solar system about 4.5 billion years ago. Life on Earth is possible because our planet has a dense atmosphere in which oxygen is present. The atmosphere appeared on Earth billions of years ago as a result of volcanic eruptions.

If there were no atmosphere on Earth, the temperature in different parts of the planet would fluctuate from +160 to -100 degrees. No living creature could withstand such changes.

Earth has a varied climate. The rainforests are hot and humid at the equator, and very cold at the poles.

Most of our planet (three quarters) is occupied by seas and oceans, so it would be more correct to call it the Ocean planet. The deepest point in the world's oceans is the Mariana Trench. It is located at a depth of more than 11 kilometers. And the highest mountain is Everest in the Himalayas. She didn't quite make it to 9kilometers. In our country, the highest mountain is Elbrus in the North Caucasus. . ‘ »

At the center of the Earth is a solid metal core. Above lies a layer of molten rocks - the mantle. The surface of the Earth consists of the earth's crust, its thickness varies from 6 to 40 kilometers. The crust is made up of platforms that constantly move across the upper mantle. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions often occur at plate boundaries. At the dawn of the history of the Earth, when our planet had not yet had time to cool enough, thousands of volcanoes erupted on it, and the layers of the earth constantly moved. Now volcanic eruptions and earthquakes do not occur so often.

back to contents ↑

SATURN

Each planet has something of its own,

What makes it stand out the most.
You will certainly recognize Saturn by sight —

It is surrounded by a large ring.

It is not continuous, it is made of different stripes.

Scientists solved the problem this way:

Once upon a time, water froze there,

And Saturn's rings of snow and ice.
(R. Aldonina)
Saturn is easy to recognize by its belt of bright wide rings. This is the second largest planet, its diameter is 120 thousand kilometers. Saturn revolves around the sun in 29 years.

Saturn has been observed since ancient times, it is the farthest planet in the solar system that can be seen with the naked eye. The first person to point a telescope at her was Galileo Galilei. His telescope was underpowered and prevented the scientist from seeing the rings clearly. Galileo managed to see only the disk of the planet, on both sides of which there were two more small disks - the planet, as it were, had large ears. Galileo decided that these were the satellites of Saturn. It wasn't until 1655 that Christian Huygens, using a more powerful telescope, determined that Saturn had rings.

Astronomers have hypothesized that Saturn's rings are fragments of its satellite,

torn apart by Saturn's gravity. The gravity of the planet does not allow the particles of the ring to reconnect into one object.

Like Jupiter, Saturn is composed almost entirely of gas. The temperature on Saturn is lower than on Jupiter, so its atmosphere does not look as bright as on the nearby giant planet. Saturn has some of the strongest winds in the solar system. Their speed reaches almost two thousand kilometers per hour.

Saturn has many moons, and the largest is Titan. It is the second largest satellite in the solar system. It is surrounded by a dense atmosphere, which consists of nitrogen and hydrocarbons. On the surface of Titan there are oceans filled with liquid methane. Astronomers suggest that the simplest forms of life may exist on Titan. In 2005, Titan explored the Cassini space probe. A descent vehicle was dropped on the surface of Titan, which transmitted photographs of a distant planet to Earth.

back to contents ↑

SUN

Sun-bucket, come out from behind the cloud,
Sit on a stump, take a walk all day.

The Sun is the closest star to the Earth, but it is still so far away that even light moving at a speed of 300 thousand kilometers per second takes 8 minutes to reach us from the Sun. From the Earth to the Sun - 150 million kilometers.

Without the Sun, there would be no life on Earth. Everything that happens on our planet is connected with the Sun: it is the change of day and night, the onset of winter or summer.

People began to explore the Sun over two thousand years ago. The Chinese were the first to discover strange dark spots on the surface of the star. The expression “there are spots on the sun” has become a saying denoting that nothing is perfect in the world.

It is not safe to observe the Sun through a telescope - you can go blind from the bright light. To weaken the radiance of the Sun, astronomers used special dark glass filters. Astronomers have noticed that if a sunbeam is passed through a
prism, it breaks down into the seven colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. It may seem surprising, but the white light we see consists of a combination of these colors.

Using a spectrograph instrument, scientists determined the temperature and pressure inside the Sun, as well as the chemical elements that make up its composition. The sun is made up of hot gases. Its surface is heated up to 6000 degrees. The temperature in the bowels of the Sun reaches 15 million degrees.

What are stars?

If they ask you -

Answer boldly:

Hot gas.

And add

What's more, always,

Nuclear reactor -

Every star!

(R. Aldonina)

Flares and explosions often occur on the surface of the Sun, prominence torches appear.

The Moon, revolving around our planet, sometimes finds itself exactly between the Earth and the Sun. Then there is a solar eclipse. During a total eclipse, the solar corona and large prominences become visible.

TO TELLECTION ↑

The start of the ship

If you try very much,

If you really want to,

can rise to the sky

and fly to the sun.
And seriously, not pretending

Get to know the Moon
(S. Baruzdin)
In order to study the stars and planets, as well as observe the Earth from space, people invented
space ships. They send them far from Earth for various scientific purposes.

A space rocket is a complex structure, which involved specialists from a wide range of professions. Some prepared the engines, others built the frame of the ship, others worked with scientific instruments.

A spacecraft is launched into space by a launch vehicle, which consists of two or three stages. When the fuel in the first stage runs out, it is discarded, the second stage engines start working. Then - the third. A "payload" is launched into orbit - an artificial satellite of the Earth, a ship with astronauts or an orbital station.

In 1981, the first flight was made by an American reusable space shuttle Columbia. In appearance, the shuttle resembled a large aircraft with wings and a tail. The shuttle was launched into orbit by two booster rockets. Having used up fuel, they separated at high altitude from the ship and parachuted down into the ocean. There they were caught and sent to the factory for re-refuelling.

The shuttle landed like a regular plane. The landing strip for him was very long, lined with durable concrete slabs.

The designer is the main designer:

- the take -off will not be very smooth ...

will be the heart, maybe

often go on the heels ...

—Dadera higher heel,

222 That will be all right!

And then for the whole flight

The heart will not go to the heels.

(A. Shlygin)

Rockets are launched into orbit from special launch sites - cosmodromes. Now there are many such structures, almost every country has its own spaceport, there are even floating spaceports.

The most famous Russian cosmodrome is Baikonur, located in the Kazakh steppes. Today, this is the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but Russian citizens still work there and maintain the spaceport.

Jupiter
in order all planets

will be called any of us:

times - Mercury,

two - Venus,

- Earth,

Four Four Four - Four Four - Four Four - Four Four - Four Four Mars.

Five is Jupiter

Six is ​​Saturn

Seven is Uranus

He is the eighth in a row

And after him already, then,

And the ninth planet

Under the name of Pluto.
(A. Haight)
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. The diameter of Jupiter is 11 times
larger than that of our planet. Jupiter travels around the Sun in 12 years.

Jupiter has been known since ancient times for its great brightness. The ancient Greeks named it after their supreme god, the lord of the sky, Zeus (in Roman mythology, Jupiter).

For a long time Jupiter was considered a star. In 1610, the famous astronomer of the Middle Ages Galileo Galilei, carefully observing Jupiter through a telescope, came to the conclusion that it was not a star, but a planet. Galileo noticed that Jupiter is not quite round,

, but flattened at the poles. The scientist also discovered four large satellites of the planet, which were later called Galilean. In the 17th century, the English astronomer Cook discovered spots on the surface of the planet, and the Italian Cassini discovered the Great Red Spot in the southern hemisphere of the planet. He could not explain the nature of this mysterious formation.

Nowadays, scientists observe Jupiter through telescopes from Earth. Spaceships are sent to the largest planet. Studies have shown that the internal structure of Jupiter is very different from the Earth. The visible surface of Jupiter's disk is actually clouds of methane and ammonia. In the center of the planet is a small solid core. The spots on the surface of Jupiter are atmospheric cyclones and vortices. The Great Red Spot is the most powerful hurricane in the solar system. It has been raging for over three hundred years. During this time, he changed his color more than once, becoming either darker or lighter. The dimensions of the Great Red Spot are such that our Earth could easily fit inside it.

MDOU Kindergarten No. 57

• Introduce preschoolers to the history of space exploration and the first cosmonauts, broaden their horizons.

Report to the project “Space distances” in the group preparatory to school No. 13

(Group of teachers: Tyukhmatyeva I.V., speech therapist teacher; Shutova G.V., teacher-defectologist, Zelenova N.M., Mironchenko S.N. - educators)

Children are always interested in the theme of space. It raises many questions on their part. What is space? How many planets are in the solar system? On what other planet, besides the earth, could a person live? Why does the sun not have an even circle, but as if it was splashed with water? Together with children and parents, we picked up book and illustrative material, climbed into the Internet. Had conversations about to osmonauts: “Who was the first to fly into space?”, “Are there women among the astronauts?” They showed the children a presentation Cosmic distances, made a cosmic collage. The guys drew on the topic: “The path to the stars”, sculpted using the plasticine method: “Planets of the solar system”. Organized an exhibition on the magnetic board "Planets of the solar system".

Role-playing games "Space Journey to the Moon", "Aliens" were organized; didactic games "Similar - not similar", "Name the planet"; building games "Cosmodrome", "Our spaceship".

Thematic evening in the second younger group No. 4

(educators: Dodonova A.E., Yu.A. Pchelintseva)

in connection with the anniversary date of “60 years to Cosmos!” in group No. 4, a themed evening "Space Adventure" was held. This event broadened the horizons of children and enriched them with new knowledge about the unknown space. Almost all children tend to fantasize and invent their own worlds, so they are always interested in learning about the existence of other planets. It was not an ordinary occupation, but a real journey into space. We told the guys that space is very big. There are many planets in space and the bottom of them is our Earth. The Stargazer came to meet the guys. He read interesting poems about space.

Together with the Astrologer, the guys completed the "Warm-up-cosmodrome" and went on a flight on a magic rocket, where new discoveries and impressions awaited everyone. The children learned that a spaceship makes many different sounds during its flight. First stop is Luna. The guys helped the lunatics to put things in order on the moon. Then they went to the planet "Mars", where they saw the starry sky and a shooting star and even held it in their hands. The children really enjoyed traveling in space and dancing under the starry sky.

Work to familiarize children with space in the preparatory school group No. 11

(Educators: Kashirova T.F., Novikova L.N., educational psychologist Rukhmanova A.M.)

What is is space? Probably even adults do not know the answer to this question. Even primitive people riveted their views on the night sky, trying to find out what kind of luminous points are on it. Some thought that gods lived in heaven, others believed that creatures unknown to man lived in heaven, and even to this day, a person has not developed a complete understanding of what the cosmos really is. Therefore, it is important to competently build the work on the formation of children's ideas about space. From birth, a child is a discoverer, a researcher of the world that surrounds him. At an early age, they are interested in the mysteries of the universe. Older preschoolers are always attracted by the theme of space, since everything unknown, incomprehensible, inaccessible to the eye excites children's imagination. What methods can be used to interest a child, how to help him learn a lot of new and interesting things about space? We believe that the project method will allow children to learn complex material through a joint search for a solution to the problem, thereby making the cognitive process interesting. We have set ourselves the following tasks:

1. Continue to expand children's understanding of the diversity of the cosmos. Tell about interesting facts and events of space .

2. To give knowledge about human exploration of space space , about the significance of space research for the life of people on earth. continue acquaintance with the first pilot - cosmonaut Yu. A. Gagarin.

3. Develop creative imagination, fantasy, ability to improvise; educate mutual assistance, benevolent attitude towards each other,

4. Broaden the horizons and activate the vocabulary of preschoolers.

5. To cultivate respect and love for the Earth, which provides everything necessary for life. A sense of pride in their homeland, the history of their planet, for the achievements of scientists , cosmonauts .

6. Involve parents in joint activities.

Being an astronaut is not relevant for modern boys. Fictional characters of modern cartoons misinform preschoolers, talking about non-existent planets, and often cause them negative emotions, contribute to the development of fears. Therefore, it is important to competently build the work on the formation of children's ideas about space.

We had a series of conversations with the children: “What is space”, “The blue planet is the Earth”, “The moon is the satellite of the Earth”, “The sun is the source of life on Earth”.

GCD: speech development “Yu. A. Gagarin - the first cosmonaut.

Read fiction: V. Borozdin "First in Space", Lyubov Talimonova "Tales of the Constellations", made riddles about space.

carried out drawing with applications “Open Cosmos”, “Return of the East”

Joint activity:

View the cartoons “Secret of the Third Planet”, “Squirrel and Strelka”.

We played didactic games with children: Find a Pair, Extra Four, Pick a Word. Outdoor games: - "Fast rockets are waiting for us", - "Weightlessness", - "Space relay race", "Space travel", "Cosmonauts".

Project allowed children to learn complex material through a joint search for a solution to a problem, thereby making the cognitive process interesting.

Report on the activities dedicated to Cosmonautics Day with children of group No. 10

(Educators: Malofeeva L.A., Azhimova I.I.)

Cosmonautics Day is an important event in the life of our country, and children should know about it. Preschool childhood is the most important period of personality formation, and such events contribute to the development of patriotic feelings. It is very important to instill in children a sense of pride and respect for their country, its culture, an awareness of personal involvement in the life of the Motherland.

April 12, - Cosmonautics Day, a world holiday established in honor of the first manned flight into space. This topic is also attractive for children, as well as adults, because space is beauty, it is mystery, new knowledge and scope for imagination.

From December 21-25 in the senior group No. 10 "Know-it-alls" a thematic week dedicated to Cosmonautics Day was held. To expand the horizons of children, illustrations about planets, astronauts, satellites, and constellations were used. Books on the subject are included in the book corner. In conversations with teachers, the children learned about how four-legged friends of man (Belka and Strelka) paved the way to the stars; about the man who first flew into space - Yuri Gagarin; the first woman cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova; about planets large and small. In verbal and didactic games (“Name the space words”, “Words relatives”, “Far-close”, “What planet is gone”, etc.), children's interest in the topic of space was reinforced. With great pleasure, the children played the outdoor games "The Sun is the Champion", "Rockets", the finger game "Stargazer", "Weightlessness".

The knowledge gained during the week, the children consolidated in their creative work. Works on the application and drawing "Spaceship" are made with great imagination. How many of our spaceships will go to the stars!

We built rockets,

Fly in them now,

Let the rockets carry you high and far

.

Thematic lesson about space in the preparatory school group No. 12

Educators Muravyova Lyudmila Semenovna and Kapustina Ekaterina Viktorovna conducted a thematic lesson about space and the achievements of mankind in space science with their students. Teachers used colorful illustrations about planets, astronauts and satellites. Children learned about the first man who conquered outer space, Yuri Gagarin, as well as about women cosmonauts: Valentina Tereshkova and Svetlana Savitskaya. These brave people aroused in children feelings of pride and admiration for our compatriots. The children also learned that space was conquered not only by people, but also by animals: the dogs Belka and Strelka.

The event was held in one breath, the children listened and looked at the illustrations with pleasure, some of the children wanted to tell about the planets of the solar system on their own. Children consolidated their knowledge and skills in collective creative work, which turned out to be bright and original.

Cognitive activity of children in the senior group No. 9 “Visiting Space”

(Teachers: Sinkevich E.I., Malkina A.V.)

The theme day “Visiting Space” was dedicated to the 60th anniversary of cosmonautics, for this we created for children positive motivation for gaming activity and the formation of the cognitive process.

Our tasks included: to clarify children's ideas about space, to promote the development of children's imagination, ingenuity.

In the morning, the guys and I talked about space, looked at illustrations, imagined ourselves as astronauts.

In the directly educational activity “Visiting Space”, the children proved to be the designers of the rocket center: they assembled rockets from a puzzle, examined the space distance through “fake” telescopes (illustrations of outer space), completed various tasks from the inhabitants of the planet “Gramoteika”: fixed counting to 9, solved space puzzles, solved riddles about space.

In the second half of the day didactic games were held: “What shall we take with us on the flight?”, “I am in space”. Together with the children, they worked collectively to create a folder-slider: “Space galaxy”.

The day was exciting and eventful. Children received new knowledge about space, answered questions with pleasure, analyzed, consolidated the ability to work in a team. The intended goal of the cosmic day has been achieved!

Thematic week "Cosmonautics Day" in the middle group №5

Educators: Allahverdiyeva A.A., Perevozchikova M. V.

The purpose of our thematic week dedicated to Cosmonautics Day was to expand children's ideas about the Cosmos, space objects, about the activities of people in space exploration (about the profession of an astronaut, about the personal qualities of an astronaut). To do this, the children and I examined various illustrations with images of planets, spaceships. During the conversation, the guys learned that our planet Earth is part of the Universe, that people have long looked at the sky and wondered what is beyond the clouds and dreamed of rising above the clouds. People have invented telescopes - special devices that allow you to see what is located very far from the Earth.

Then the designers invented spaceships. The first animals to fly into space were the dogs Belka and Strelka. Spaceships were tested for a long time so that flights on them were safe for humans. The first Russian cosmonaut was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. Yuri Alekseevich flew around our planet in 2 hours and returned to Earth safe and sound. After this great event, people realized that a person can be in space. The flight took place on April 12, 1961. and since then, Cosmonautics Day has been celebrated on this day.

The children asked questions with interest and answered them themselves:

- Can an astronaut get out of a rocket into outer space?

- What does he need for this? (An astronaut needs a spacesuit - a special suit that supplies him with air and maintains his body temperature, because there is no air in space, so there is nothing to breathe).

At the end of the week we had a drawing with the children: “A rocket is flying, flying”

own country.

Parents with children made crafts on the topic: “Open Cosmos”

events held in the middle group No. 6 on the Cosmonautics Day.

Educators: Ilozheva O.V., Moiseenko T.P.

Such is the peculiarity of the starry sky:

everyone who looks at it has a sweet heart ache.

Perhaps we really come from somewhere there?

Boris Akunin

Cosmonautics Day, like any important calendar date, is celebrated in our kindergarten with various events. Preschool childhood is the most important period of personality formation, and such activities contribute to the development of patriotic feelings. It is very important to instill in children a sense of pride and respect for their country, its culture, an awareness of personal involvement in the life of the Motherland.
We held a thematic lesson on the topic: "Space" from which the children learned that our planet is called EARTH, that it is round, that we live on it, got acquainted with cosmic bodies: (planets, meteorites, comets), learned who an astronaut is and how he should be (strong, brave, smart and healthy) and about other interesting phenomena related to outer space.

The group organized an exhibition of children's works dedicated to Cosmonautics Day.

On a walk with the children, they watched the sun, after which, in their free time, the children drew the sun as they imagine it.

This event contributed to the activation of the cognitive activity of children, developed memory, attention, broadened their horizons.

The main goals and objectives were achieved thanks to clear and timely planning, as well as a responsible attitude to the tasks set.

Events held in preparatory school group No. 7 for the 60th anniversary of space

Cosmonautics Day is a very important date in the calendar. This year 2021, our country celebrates the 60th anniversary of this wonderful holiday. There is no person who does not know who Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin is and what holiday is celebrated every year on April 12th. To help children understand what space is, to provide accessible information about astronauts, stars, planets, various events dedicated to Cosmonautics Day were held in preparatory group No. 7.

Educators Belyakova Olga Viktorovna and Pestova Natalya Pavlovna held a thematic conversation with children on the topic: "Journey into space." Children learned about the first manned flight into space and about spacecraft. The guys went on a journey around the planets with interest and passed tests to become real astronauts. The children consolidated the acquired knowledge in their creative works. The group organized an exhibition of children's works dedicated to space.

Activities conducted by the instructor of physical culture Demchenko A.V. to the 60th anniversary of space

History Russia is rich in heroic past, which can and should be proud of all generations of Russians. Preschool children are able to perceive the most significant events in the history of the Fatherland, to know its heroes. Children should know the history of the Russian holiday - Cosmonautics Day; date of the first flight into space; about the first cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin; about the heroic conquerors of outer space.

Learn more

• 
  Preschool reading skills
• 
  Kids ii logo
• 
  Writing skill for kids
• 
  3 little pigs and the big bad wolf story
• 
  Free a b c song
• 
  Correct spelling for kindergarten
• 
  Importance of rhyming
• 
  Spell a word game
• 
  Learning vocabulary english
• 
  Ideas for kindergarten math centers
• 
  Average weight for a first grader