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Sentence Examples | Examples of Words Used in a Sentence

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What is a Sentence?

There are many types of sentences, all with different structures and complexities. In its most basic form, a sentence is made up of a subject and predicate, which is the verb and the words that follow. But no matter how simple or complex, a sentence consists of words. Words in a sentence are what make it come alive and make sense.

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Use in in a sentence

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The word usage examples above have been gathered from various sources to reflect current and historical usage. They do not represent the opinions of YourDictionary.com.

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Words near in in the Dictionary

• I'm your huckleberry
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• in a big way
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functions, features, differences - Russian textbook

Purpose of unions

In the fifth grade, according to the textbook "Russian language. Theory. Grades 5-9 ”by V.V. Babaitseva, students know that conjunctions are an auxiliary part of speech that connects both members of a sentence and simple sentences as part of a complex one:

Simple and compound unions

In the seventh grade in this textbook, information is added that the unions according to the structure are simple and compound.

Simple unions are unions consisting of one word, for example, and, but, yes, what if, when and others. Unions that consist of two or more words are called compound : because , since, as if, because, due to the fact that, not only - but also, due to the fact that, since, until , etc.

Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions

According to the value of , conjunctions are divided into two groups: coordinating and subordinating.

Coordinating conjunctions ( and, but, but, yes, or, neither - neither, then - then , etc.) are divided into three categories according to their meaning:

Connecting unions	Opposing alliances	Divisive unions
and, yes, neither - neither, and - and, not only - but also, how - so and, also, also , etc.	a, but, yes (meaning but), but , etc.	or, either, then - that, not that - not that, or - or etc.
These unions have the meaning of connection ( and this, and that ): And the sling, and the arrow, and the crafty dagger spare the winner for years.	These unions have the meaning of opposition ( is not that, but this is ): Not from dew, but from sweat; Labor in learning is boring, but the fruit of learning is delicious.	These unions have the meaning of division ( or this or that ): All night the fire flares up, then goes out; Either eat the fish or run aground.

Subordinating conjunctions ( when, what, if, so, because, how, as if , etc.) link simple sentences into a complex one: I want you to be masters of the sky.

Subordinating conjunctions are divided by value into the following categories:

Temporary (indicate time): when, while, barely, only, only , etc.	When we returned home, it was dark and quiet.
Causal (indicate the reason): because, since, because, because , etc.	I put on an old overcoat and took an umbrella, because it was raining.
Target (indicate the target): to (to), in order to, in order to , etc.	I left the hut, went to fight, to give land in Grenada to the peasants.
Conditional (indicate a condition): if, times, if , etc.	If you want to know a person, look at his friend.
Concessions (indicate the contradiction of one event to another): although; although; let , etc.	Although was still early, the gates were locked; None of us felt even the slightest bit tired despite the fact that the campaign lasted for several days; Let you die, but in the song of the brave and strong in spirit you will always be a living example, a proud call to freedom, to light.
Comparative (indicate comparison): as if, as if, as if , etc.	The cranes flew fast and quickly and shouted sadly, as if they were calling with them.
Investigative (point to consequence): so.	The breeze was blowing from all sides, so that the candle almost went out.
Explanatory (indicate what they are talking about): what, to, as if , etc.	I came to you with greetings, to tell you, that the sun rose, that it fluttered with hot light across the sheets.

In our opinion, at this stage it is advisable to recall types of syntactic connection or introduce a new term for seventh graders "types of syntactic connection".

The main types of syntactic connection between words and sentences are coordinating and subordinating.

The coordinating and subordinating connection can be formalized by unions, for example:

Conjunctions and meanings of compound sentences

In the ninth grade, the guys learn that in compound sentences, simple sentences are connected to each other by intonation and coordinating conjunctions. By the nature of the coordinating union and the meaning, compound sentences are divided into three groups:

Compound sentences starting with by connecting unions and, yes, yes and, but (in the meaning of and), also, also , etc.	Compound sentences with adversative conjunctions but, but, yes (meaning but), however, but , etc.	Compound sentences with disjunctive unions or (il), or, then - then, or - or , etc.
A thunderstorm broke out and the rain refreshed the languishing earth; Terribly howled wires on poles, yes signs rumbled; Here my voice has hardened in the harsh wind, yes , and my heart has hardened.	The world is multilingual, but all people cry the same and laugh the same; Everything passes, yes not everything is forgotten; The root of the teaching is bitter, but its fruits are sweet.	Can you add a step, or no strength?; Either my speech made a strong impression, or the colonists already boiled; Either buckwheat is blooming, or the river is flowing. ..
In sentences with these unions, various meanings are expressed, most often temporary meanings: simultaneity and succession.	In the sentences of this group, one phenomenon (event) is contrasted with another.	In compound sentences of this group, alternation of phenomena (events) is indicated, that one of the above phenomena is possible.

Subordinating conjunctions and allied words in complex sentences

In the same, ninth grade, the guys learn that subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause or to another subordinate clause with subordinating conjunctions (simple and compound) or allied words.

Under allied words , the authors of the textbooks of the educational and methodological complex V.V. Babaytseva understand relative pronouns that are used to connect simple sentences as part of a complex one.

Subordinating conjunctions		allied words
Simple	Composite
what to as when for while as as if etc.	because because since so is only as if since due to the fact that in order to etc.	what who how when which which where where where from etc.

As you can see, in some cases, simple subordinating conjunctions and allied words coincide (in spelling). How can a ninth grader distinguish a union from a union word (for example, what, how, when) in a complex sentence?

To distinguish a union from a union word, you must remember:

1) Subordinating conjunctions are not members of the subordinate clause, but serve only to attach the subordinate clauses to the main or other subordinate clause:

Allied words not only "attach" subordinate clauses to the main clause (or to another clause), but are also members of the clauses:

2) In some cases, the union can be omitted, but the union word cannot:

3) Union can only be replaced by another union:

4) An allied word can only be replaced with an allied word or those words from the main sentence to which the subordinate clause belongs, for example:

The authors of this textbook draw the attention of ninth graders that the ability to distinguish between unions and allied words is necessary for the correct intonation of a sentence, since allied words are often the semantic center, they are highlighted by logical stress.

We consolidate the acquired knowledge about conjunctions and allied words in practice

In the textbook "Russian language. Practice. Grade 9 "Yu. S. Pichugov, A. P. Eremeeva, A. Yu. Kupalova is given a number of exercises aimed at developing the ability to distinguish between subordinating conjunctions and allied words. Here are some of these exercises.

Write off using the missing commas. Determine the case of relative pronouns acting as allied words. Underline allied words as members of sentence (exercise 98 on p. 69).

This model or its fragments can be used both in grade 9 and in grades 7-8.

We believe that the proposed teaching model will help the teacher to "dot all the and" when studying conjunctions and allied words in the Russian language lessons: consider their functions, structural features and meanings of conjunctions, their use in complex sentences; features of the use of allied words in complex sentences.

Introductory words in Russian - table, types and examples

What are introductory words

Let's start, as always, with a definition - let's figure out what words are called introductory words and why they are needed. Schoolchildren face them starting from the 5th grade, although they study in detail only in the 8th grade. This is not a difficult topic if you have a good visual memory - there are very few rules regarding introductory words in Russian, and you just have to remember some things.

There are several types of introductory words, but they all have the following features:

• are distinguished in the text by commas, brackets or dashes;
• do not have grammatical connections with other members of the sentence;
• can be omitted from the text without loss of meaning.

Important!

Introductory words are not part of the sentence. They should be distinguished from exactly the same words that act as circumstances, definitions or additions. The difference is that the introductory construction cannot be questioned.

Consider this example:

• Sasha did come, true , late for half an hour.
• Sasha confirmed that everything written is pure true .

So, we have the word "truth", which in the first sentence acts as an introductory one, since it cannot be questioned. In the second sentence, it is also a predicate. We can pose the question: “what is written is what?”.

• I, right , will not get home soon.
• The whole class is correct solved this problem.

As you can see, in the second sentence you can put the question “how?” to “correctly”. Therefore, this word is not introductory.

The same rules apply to compound introductory words. They, too, can disguise themselves as different members of a sentence, and it is important to learn to recognize them.

Compare:

• He woke up every morning with joyful anticipation, in one word was happy. - With a single word you cannot convince anyone, actions are needed.
• Sea air and plenty of sun, no doubt help to quickly recover from illness. - Misha dreamed of the sky since childhood, and therefore , without any doubt, chose the flight school.

Another way to distinguish introductory words is to remove them altogether and see if the sentence loses its meaning. Let's try it on one of our examples:

• Sasha did come, however, he was half an hour late.
• Sasha confirmed that everything written is true.

It is clear that in the first case the meaning remained the same, but in the second it was lost. This confirms that in the first sentence we are dealing with an introductory word.

Demo lesson in Russian

Take the test at the introductory lesson and find out what topics separate you from the "five" in Russian.

Signs of introductory words: table for grade 5

Grammatically, introductory words can be any part of speech and even a short sentence:

• noun - without a doubt, true ;
• adjective - at least, is to blame;
• verb - I hope, I suppose ;
• adverb - undoubtedly, certainly ;
• gerund - frankly speaking ;
• phrase - if you want to know, according to experts ;
• is an impersonal sentence - seemed to me, as I see it .

Examples of the use of introductory words:

• Pacific Ocean, no doubt , the largest on the planet.
• Frankly speaking , I could not convince him that I was right, and I did not try.
• This role, how I see it , Masha will play the best.
• — Will you be expected by eight in the morning?
  - Of course !

​

Courses to prepare for the Unified State Examination in Russian at the Skysmart online school - without stress and on real exam tasks. Try it for free with an introductory lesson!

Classes of introductory words by value

As we have already said, introductory words can perform a variety of functions in oral and written speech. Some of them emphasize the position of the speaker - his confidence, surprise, regret, etc. Others point to the next action or event, the logic of the story or the source of information. The third ones are only needed to attract attention. Let's figure out what the introductory words of different types mean, and at the end we will summarize using a table with examples.

Various degrees of certainty, assumption and assumption

This is the most common category of introductory words that we refer to daily. The main function of this category is to emphasize confidence or uncertainty in any information, so it is very important.

Examples: certainly, certainly, of course, of course, suppose, probably, perhaps, maybe .

If such an introductory word is removed, the sentence will not lose its meaning, but its meaning will still become slightly different.

Compare:

• Maybe , I'll call on you tonight.
• I will visit you tonight.

In the first case, uncertainty remains, while in the second, the proposal sounds positive.

If we talk about introductory words that express confidence, this difference is less noticeable. With them, the statement becomes more categorical, but does not acquire other shades of meaning.

• The task will be difficult, but you, of course , can do it!
• Certainly is the shortest road to the city center.
• This deal, no doubt , launched his successful career.

Do not confuse with members of the sentence:

I believed his words (how?) definitely and without the slightest doubt.

Next, we will consider how the introductory words are indicated, but for now we remind you: if you can put a question to the word, it is a member of the sentence and is not separated by commas.

Emotions, feelings and assessment of what is happening

Using this category of introductory words, the speaker expresses his attitude to events, gives an assessment. Such words can denote joy, delight, grief, horror, a sense of shame, fear, etc.

Examples: to everyone's joy, to horror, to my delight, unfortunately, unfortunately, the hour is uneven, that's it.

They are characteristic of direct speech, as they reflect the emotions and feelings of the speaker.

• Sorry, , I won't be able to personally meet you at the station.
• Time, surprisingly , flew by very quickly - I did not have time to get bored.

In fiction, these same introductory words can also be used to tell about the feelings of the hero or his attitude to events.

• Katya, to her shame , did not know the meaning of this word and did not understand what it was about.
• The artist went for an encore and, to the delight of the audience , performed all the hits.

Do not confuse with members of the sentence:

(Why?) The delight of the audience was mixed with a share of disappointment that the favorite hit was never heard.

Ordinariness, ordinariness of what is happening

Quite a small category of introductory words, in which the majority are colloquial expressions. They not only allow you to point out the ordinary nature of events, but also enliven the text, give it color.

Examples: happened, as usual, happened, as a rule, as usual, as usual, as always .

• Grandfather Semyon opened the gate and, according to the old custom , leaned towards the shaggy Beetle.
• After a walk in the park, we, as usual , went to a cafe for a cup of tea.

Do not confuse with members of the proposal:

Not accepting the church reform, the community continued to live (how?) old custom .

Introductory words indicating the source of the message

The main task of introductory words of this type is to indicate authorship, refer to the source of information or give the statement some authority. They are typical for news reports, reviews, articles in the media and are part of the journalistic style, although they are used not only within its framework.

Examples: according to experts, according to scientists, according to the prime minister, according to a correspondent, in my opinion .

• About 97% of all water on our planet, according to scientists , is contained in the oceans.
• According to Deputy Prime Minister , economic growth will continue next year.

In addition, such introductory words help convey direct speech without resorting to exact quotation.

• Ivan Ivanovich said: "Our plant overfulfilled the plan by 5% last quarter."
• According to Ivan Ivanovich , the plant overfulfilled the plan in the last quarter by 5%.

Do not confuse with members of the proposal:

Do not draw far-reaching conclusions (for what?) according to experts , the situation may still change.

Connection of thoughts and sequence of presentation

This type of introductory words indicates the internal logic of the sentence, sequence or any other connection between events. It is especially often used in textbooks and scientific materials, since it makes it possible to streamline the text, build a causal chain.

Examples: therefore, firstly, secondly, accordingly, therefore, on the one hand, first of all, in addition, finally .

• These triangles have a common hypotenuse, hence , they are equal.
• On the one hand, Dasha liked living in France, but on the other hand, she still missed home.

Do not confuse with members of the sentence:

The sheet of paper was painted only (where?) on one side and the other side remained blank.

Notes on the style of speech, way of expressing thought

Introductory words from this category are usually used to indicate the features of the presentation or to reformulate the thought. Like the previous view, sometimes they can precede a certain conclusion, but do not directly indicate the connection of events, but rather help express the same idea through other facts or in a different style.

Examples: in other words, to put it mildly, to put it more precisely, if I may say so, in short, in a word.

• The children started to get bored and look at their phones, in other words , the film was not very interesting.
• This, if I may say , is not jasper at all - the stone heats up too quickly in the hands.

Do not confuse with members of the sentence:

(What?) In other words, can be wounded no worse than with a dagger.

Introductory words that attract the attention of the interlocutor

Marker words with which you can draw the listener's attention to one or another part of the statement, emphasize the main idea. Very often they are at the beginning of a sentence, but they can also occur in the middle, but at the end they are extremely rare.

Examples: listen, imagine, emphasize, believe it, see, notice what is essential, what is even more important .

• Note , no one left the classroom, although the teacher was already half an hour late.
• At this meeting we were able to sum up the results and, which is significant , outline a plan for the next year.

Do not confuse with the members of the offer:

Marina always collected her briefcase in the evening, which (how?) significantly saved her time in the morning.

Of course, it is almost impossible to list all the introductory words that are, but we have compiled a short cheat sheet - a table with examples of sentences.

Value	Introductory words	Examples
Degree of certainty, assumptions, assumptions	Undoubtedly, unequivocally, it may happen, of course, of course, perhaps, for example, perhaps, etc.	Possibly , our department will join this project next month. Katya, of course , the best student in the class.
Emotions, feelings and assessment of what is happening	Fortunately, to my surprise, to my shame, unfortunately, the hour is uneven, to joy, unfortunately, God forbid, thank the gods, etc.	The weather has deteriorated and, the hour is uneven , it will also rain in our city. Masha quickly found an error in the problem and, fortunately , managed to correct it.
Identification of source of information	According to scientists, according to the press, they say, according to experts, in my opinion, in your opinion, etc.	This summer, say , there will be many berries in the forest. According to scientists , green tea has a positive effect on the nervous system.
Indication of the sequence of events or thoughts	Firstly, therefore, therefore, on the contrary, finally, in particular, in the first place, thus, etc.	Katya dreamed of a trip, and Dasha, opposite , would like to stay at home. Winter will be harsh, therefore , you need to think about warming the house.
Drawing attention to all or part of a proposal	Do you understand, do you know, look, listen, confess, if you want to know, do me a favor, etc.	Listen if he did it, then he had a good reason. We waited for him all evening, and he, you see , simply forgot about the meeting.
Indication of the commonness of an event or subject of conversation	It happened, usually, it happened, as always, as a rule, as usual, etc.	I came to work, as usual , at eight in the morning. It used to be , Ivan was late for the last bus and walked.
Remarks on the style and nature of speech, the way of expressing thoughts	To put it mildly, to put it bluntly, in a word, to put it roughly, in other words, to put it more accurately, what is called, etc.	Your act, to put it mildly , looks tactless and offends those around you. We live in a village near Tula, or rather , in the suburbs.

Punctuation marks for introductory words

All introductory words in Russian are distinguished by punctuation marks, which is clearly seen in the examples from our table. In this they differ from the same words that act as members of a sentence and answer a certain question. In addition to the question, there is another way to understand whether it is necessary to put commas or other punctuation marks - try to move the word (phrase) to another part of the sentence.

• As a rule Ivan eats oatmeal for breakfast.
• Ivan, usually , eats oatmeal for breakfast.
• Ivan eats oatmeal for breakfast, usually .

The meaning of the statement has not changed, the construction looks good in any part of the sentence. This means that these are introductory words and they are separated by commas.

Surprisingly, as a rule can be so confusing and difficult to understand.

In this case, the phrase "as a rule" has a strong syntactic relationship with other words in the sentence, it cannot be moved without losing its meaning. So it is not introductory. We can check this assumption by analyzing it by composition, and we will find out that the "rule" here is the subject.

Important!

If in a compound sentence with the union “and” both parts of it are preceded by one inserted word, it is not required to put a comma between these parts.

• Apparently , the lesson has not started yet and the children were still making noise outside the door.
• Luckily, , the rain had already stopped and I didn't get wet at all on the way home.
• Yesterday I saw this document, hence , it was lying on the table and Nikolai could not pick it up.

How else is an introductory word distinguished in a sentence, apart from commas? Sometimes you can put a dash in front of it, but this refers more to the author's punctuation, which is needed to create a special rhythm of the text or convey intonation.

• I realized that I had forgotten my passport and I was very scared - the hour is uneven , I will have to turn back.
• Sergey was annoyed - you see , he expected to get a promotion this month.

Introductory words and insertive constructions

Insertive constructions and insertive sentences differ from introductory words in that they are an autonomous part of a sentence and contain a complete thought. They can act as incidental remarks, indications, author's explanations in relation to the main sentence, and sometimes even have a weak syntactic connection with it.

To make it clearer how the introductory words and plug-in constructions differ, we have compiled a small table.

Introductory words	Plug-in designs
July, say , will be warm and sunny.	July, I think will be warm and sunny.
Aleksey, of course , already knew how to properly saddle a horse.	Aleksey, we were sure of this , he already knew how to saddle a horse correctly.
The ring lay in a conspicuous place and, certainly , attracted attention.	The ring lay in a conspicuous place, and - as the reader has already guessed - attracted attention.

It is easy to see that insert constructions, unlike introductory words, have their own subject and predicate. Very often they can be issued as a separate offer.

Short insertions may be separated by commas, while longer ones are often separated by parentheses or dashes. However, it depends not so much on the length of the structure, but on the author's intention. Putting a dash or bracket instead of a comma in most cases will not be a mistake.

• Several guys - there were about a dozen - turned off the path to eat raspberries.
• An old tram rumbled along the street ( such trams have long been discontinued ) and slowly disappeared around the corner.
• Once — Kolya and Vitya remembered this day for a long time — dad took the whole family to go fishing in the neighboring region.

Usually, when choosing between commas, brackets and dashes, they are guided by the following: if an interstitial construction has little or no syntactic links with the sentence, it is better to enclose it in brackets.

Sometimes an interstitial sentence ends with an exclamation mark or a question mark to enhance expression. In this case, it can be distinguished exclusively by brackets or a dash.

Last spring - it was a real miracle! - The old apple tree is suddenly covered with flowers again.

Important!

If an insertion ends with an exclamation mark or a question mark, then the sentence must be continued with a lowercase letter.

Interestingly, introductory words can sometimes be distinguished in the same way. As a rule, this is found in fiction and is one of the ways to emphasize emotions, express the feelings of the author or character.

• Katya carefully entered the dark room and — oh, horror! - noticed how the curtain swayed slightly by itself.
• And soon ( wonderful thing! ) Petya fell in love with mathematics so much that he solved all the problems for the next quarter.

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