Verb of being list

Comprehensive list of verbs with examples

3.4

(1266)

Looking for a verbs list? Fret not. Here’s a quick guide on the list of verbs with illustrative examples. But before we get down to the list of verbs, let’s quickly brush through the definition of a verb. 

A verb in the simplest sense is a word that describes an action, an event or a state. It tells you what the subject of a sentence is doing. The verbs (like those in the verb list below) are usually the main words in a sentence and without them a sentence is incomplete. Having said that, how do you recognize a verb in a sentence?

Well, verbs (like those in the verbs list below) are typically used after a noun or a pronoun. The nouns or pronouns in such cases, are referred to as subjects. 

For example: 

• Anthony went to the market. 

In this case the action of Anthony physically having went to the market is the verb. 

In this guide, verbs are categorized into a few different lists: 

• action verbs list
• linking verbs list
• helping verbs list
• irregular verbs list

Except for the linking verb list, the other categories break down into different types. The next list of verbs can be physical or mental. The list of helping verbs can be auxiliary or modal. The list of irregular verbs shows verbs in different tenses. 

Learning the words in each verb list can help you develop your English-speaking skills. To make comprehension easier, example sentences have been provided in the verb list sections.

List of Action Verbs

In an action verbs list, each verb can be used to state a subject’s action in a sentence. There are two types of action words you’ll find in this list of action verbs.

The physical verb list features action words. In other words, the words within a physical action verb list usually describe an action that someone or something physically does. In a nutshell, a particular motion made using one’s body or a tool to complete an action is referred to as an action verb. For example, let’s start with a short list of action verbs: 

• Walk
• Open
• Speak 

All of the words on this short action verb list describe physical actions. The verb list below is a much longer list of action verbs that are useful to know.

Hopefully you already recognized a few (or all) of the words on this action verbs list. They are all very useful! If you think you’ll need it, feel free to print this action verbs list for future reference.  

Before moving on from the physical action verb list and looking at the mental verbs list below, consider reading these resources explaining MLA format and APA format. They could help you understand how to format your next writing assignment. Or, if you’re ready, let’s move on to the next list of action verbs.

The second type of action verbs list is for mental action words. Mental action words describe intellectual processes that don’t happen physically, but rather take place in your mind. Examples of mental action words (that are part of the action verb list below) include think, feel, and want.

It’s important to understand that some mental action words on this action verbs list don’t refer to the literal use of the word. For instance, the mental list of verbs includes the words see, look, hear, and smell. These words could also be included on a list of action verbs describing physical motion. When you don’t use these words in the literal sense, they become mental action words. In other words, these words could be found on both a physical and mental action verbs list.  

Here are some examples showing the difference:

• Action: I can see Paul jumping up and down.

In this example , you can literally see Paul jumping around.

• Mental: Frank returned from Europe yesterday? I see.

However, in the above example you can’t literally see Frank returning from Europe. Instead, “I see” means to understand. Therefore, ‘see ’used in this context is a mental word.

• Action: These roses smell wonderful.

This example refers to the physical action of smelling flowers and comments on their scent.

• Mental: Something smells funny about this situation.

On the other hand, in this example, nothing literally smells funny. Instead, it means that there’s something strange and unusual about the situation.

To summarize, there are hundreds of words that could go on an action verbs list. The physical verbs list and the mental list of verbs only include a few basic words of each type. There are many more to learn and they’re all fun to use. In order to expand your vocabulary, it’s helpful to study another list of action verbs. For a PDF list of action verbs, visit this site. 

The next verbs list is a list of linking verbs. Even if you don’t know what they are yet, these words are very important! Pay close attention to the list of linking verbs below. You never know when a list of linking verbs might come in handy.

Linking Verbs List

There’s a list of verbs that do not describe any action. Instead, these words explain a state of being such as a condition or relationship. They are also commonly known as linking verbs, and they make up the linking verb list below. 

The words in the linking verbs list are words that connect the subject of a sentence to specific information about the subject. In other words, linking verbs connect the subject to a predicate noun or a predicate adjective. 

A list of linking verbs could also be called a ‘being verbs list.’ This is because the words within a linking verbs list show a state of being. You’ll notice that most verbs on the being verbs list are forms of ‘to be’. Other verbs like ‘become’ and ‘seem’ also belong on a being verbs list. 

These ‘being’ verbs (see the list of linking verbs/being verbs list below for examples) are used with subjects that are both in past and present tense. Being verbs like ‘was/were’ should be used instead of ’be’ in the past tense, and ‘is/am/are’ in the present tense. For instance: 

• Amy was being cynical.
• We are being noisy.
• Andrew was afraid of Luna.
• You appear to be scared.

The being/linking words in the sentences above are included in the being verbs list below. You can use words in the linking verbs list to connect the subject with other words in a sentence. There aren’t as many words on a linking verb list as there are on a verb list for mental and physical action words, but each word in the list of linking verbs is nonetheless important.

As you can see on the linking verbs list above, all forms of to be are important linking words. It would be difficult to have a conversation about yourself without using any of the words on this linking verbs list. Want to remember all of these? Feel free to print and save this linking verb list for reference. You could also look for another linking verb list and examples to study.

Now that you’re well-versed with action words, and the linking verb list, let’s move on to helping words.

Helping Verbs List

Now that we’ve gone over the list of linking verbs let’s talk about helping verbs. A helping verb ‘helps’ or supports the main verb. There are two types of words within the helping verbs list: auxiliaries and modals. 

Both auxiliaries and modals add more meaning to the main action or the being word. They can also describe the period of a physical or mental action taking  place. They can also add emphasis to your sentences and indicate an event happening. 

Auxiliaries (like those in our helping verb list below) extend the main verb and help show time, tense or possibility.

Examples of auxiliary verbs:

• Matthew is going out for lunch. 
• I have finished my homework. 

Modals indicate possibility, ability or expectation. A list of helping verbs that are modal are further down this page, but let’s start with a few example sentences; they’ll help us understand how they’re used.

Examples of modals:

• Wilson may want to talk to you again. 
• Alexa must go to work today.

If you want to learn how to create complex sentences, then it’s important to study a helping verbs list. Here’s your first list of helping verbs.

So, how do you know  that the words in this auxiliary helping verbs list are actually ‘helpful’ or act as standalone words? Simply look for other verbs (action or being words) in the sentence. If you notice any form of ‘to be’, ‘to have’, or ‘to do’ before another action or being word, then you’re looking at a sentence with an auxiliary. 

Using the previous auxiliary helping verbs list, can you figure out which word is the auxiliary in the examples below?

• Charlie’s mother is cooking breakfast for us tomorrow.
• Tina hasn’t exercised today.

Both modals and auxiliaries can be found on a list of helping verbs. Modals are usually followed by the infinitive of another verb. Just like the list of linking verbs, the list of modals within the list of helping verbs is also small and therefore easy to remember. A verbs list with modal verbs is given below.

Here are some examples of how modals, from the above list of verbs, explain uncertainty, obligation, and possibility.  

• I must go to school today.

There’s an obligation to go to school.

• You could go to school today.

In this sentence, it’s possible that you will not go to school today.

• Jennifer’s not sick and should go to school today.

And in this sentence, it’s possible that Jennifer doesn’t go to school.

• If Tommy feels better tonight, he might go to school tomorrow.

Whereas in this sentence there’s a chance that Tommy may or may not go to school. 

Now that you are well versed with a linking verbs list, a list of verbs that are ‘helpful,’ and a verbs list for action words, let’s move on to the next section: a list of irregular verbs. 

Irregular Verbs List

The next verbs list you’ll look at is the list of action verbs that are irregular, thus they are part of the irregular verbs list. So what exactly are irregular verbs? Well, verbs that do not follow the normal rules for conjugation fall into the irregular verbs list.  

Basically, most ‘normal’ words in the past tense have an -ed at the end. Examples include jumped, skipped, and leaped. 

• jump → jumped
• skip → skipped
• leap → leaped
• walk → walked

This conjugation pattern applies to most words. However, irregular verbs — like those in the irregular verbs list below — don’t follow this normal pattern. For example:

• Draw → drew, drawn

These verbs shift tenses according to its own set of rules, and thus belong on our list of irregular verbs. 

The words in the list of irregular verbs below are shown with their past simple and past participle versions. You could say, that it is also an irregular past tense verbs list. 

An irregular past tense verbs list generally includes words like brought, were, became, etc. The irregular past tense verbs list below presents English past tense verbs.

Did you come across any new verbs in this irregular verbs list? There are many other words that could be added to this irregular past tense verbs list, but this list of verbs is a good start. Hopefully, this list of irregular verbs (or irregular past tense verbs list) will help you write your assignments with greater precision. Once you’re done studying the list of irregular verbs, visit this informative site for further learning.

Congratulations on reviewing many verb list types! Now that you have finished reading  a comprehensive linking verbs list and studied a helpful list of verbs along with an irregular verbs list, why not get some help on your next English assignment? The paper checker from Citation Machine Plus lets you make citations in APA format and more citation styles. Try it out today!

Published March 5, 2019. Updated April 16, 2020.

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List of Verbs

This list of verbs will help you understand verbs a little better.  Verbs are words that show actions or states of being. There are two types of what are called main verbs: action verbs and linking verbs, and there's one extra category that can help either of those main verbs. These helpers are called helping verbs. 

Below, you'll find lists of and details about action verbs, linking verbs, and helping verbs. Here we go! 

Action Verbs

These are one of the types of main verbs. (Every sentence needs to have a subject and at least one main verb.) As their name implies, action verbs show action.

I walked around the lake.

We learned grammar.

Now it's your turn! Try thinking of three action verbs right now. Did you do it?

You probably picked verbs that showed movement that could be easily seen or heard (ran, jumped, shouted, skipped, cooked, wrote, etc.) That's great, but just keep in mind that there are many actions that can't be easily perceived with our eyes and ears (thought, contemplated, learned, etc. ) 

There are many, many action verbs out there, and we can further categorize them into three groups. Here are the three types of action verbs along with a list for each kind. Keep in mind that these lists aren't exhaustive. 

List of Transitive Active Verbs

Transitive active verbs are action verbs that transfer their action to something called a direct object. 

Joe kicked the ball. 

Kicked is the transitive active action verb. It's transferring its action to ball, which is the direct object. Notice that ball is receiving the action. It's the thing that's getting kicked.

Transitive Active List

A accept, adopt, anticipate

B borrow, blame, buy

C carry, change, celebrate

D declare, develop, drive

E earn, edit, extend

F fix, forgive, forget

G gather, give, grip

H help, hug, hum

I identify, ignore, influence

J jerk, jog, juggle

K keep, kiss

L leak, lead, lift

M magnify, maintain, measure

N name, notice, nurture

O obliterate, offend, open

P pay, play, practice

Q question, quarantine

R rake, read, raise

S sing, steal, store

T teach, test, try

U unravel, unpack, use

V visit, volunteer, vote

W weigh, wrangle, write

X x-ray, xerox

Y yank, yell, yield

Z zest, zip

List of Transitive Passive Verbs 

Transitive passive verbs are action verbs that transfer their action to the subject.  

My car was stolen.  

Stolen is the transitive passive verb (was is a helping verb). It is transferring its action to car, which is the subject. Notice that car is receiving the action. It's the thing that's getting stolen. 

Transitive passive verbs are always in verb phrases, and they are always made with the past participle form of the verb. 

Transitive Passive List
To create a transitive passive verb, add is, am, are, was, were, be, being, or been in front of the past participles listed below.

A accepted, adopted, anticipated

B borrowed, blamed, bought

C carried, changed, celebrated

D declared, developed, driven

E earned, edited, extended

F fixed, forgave, forgiven

G gathered, given, gripped

H helped, hugged, hummed

I identified, ignored, influenced

J jerked, jogged, juggled 

K kept, kissed

L leaked, led, lifted

M magnified, maintained, measured

N named, noticed, nurtured

O obliterated, offended, opened

P paid, played, practiced

Q questioned, quarantined

R raked, read, raised

S sung, stolen, stored

T taught, tested, tried

U unraveled, unpacked, used

V visited, voted

W weighed, wrangled, written

X x-rayed, xeroxed

Y yanked, yelled, yielded

Z zested, zipped

Intransitive Complete

Intransitive complete verbs are action verbs that don't transfer their action to anyone or anything. They are complete all by themselves! 

The dog barked.

Notice that the dog didn't bark something. It just barked. It's not transferring its action to a receiver. 

Intransitive Complete List

A accelerated, acted, ate

B barked, biked, blinked

C changed, chewed, cooked

D dominated, drooled, drove

E endured, exercised

F fished, flashed, forgot

G grinned, grumbled, grunted

H helped, hid, hurried

I improved, invaded, investigated

J jaywalked, joked, jumped

K kayaked, kicked, kidded

L laughed, learned, looked

M migrated, moped

N navigated, nested

O observed, overpaid

P paid, painted, posed

Q quacked, quarreled, quipped

R ran, read, rose

S sang, shouted, swam

T testified, twisted, typed

U understood, unpacked, unwound

V volunteered, voted

W waddled, winked, worked

Y yawned, yelled, yodeled 

Z zipped

Linking Verbs

You just learned that action verbs are one of the types of main verbs. Now, we'll look at the other kind: linking verbs. Linking verbs don't show action. They link the subject of a sentence with either a noun that renames it (called a predicate noun) or an adjective that describes it (called a predicate adjective).

You might find it helpful to think of linking verbs as equals signs between subjects and predicate nouns or predicate adjectives.

I am a teacher. 

I = teacher

As you know, there are many, many action verbs. However, there are only a handful of verbs that can function as linking verbs. Here they are:

Linking Verbs List

be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being

appear, become, feel, grow, look, seem, remain, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

Helping Verbs

You have just learned about the two types of main verbs: action verbs and linking verbs. It's time to learn about helping verbs! 

These do just what their name implies. They help the main verb in the sentence by telling us more about its tense and the subtleties of its meaning. Remember that the main verb will be either an action verb or a linking verb. 

The dog will bark. 

Bark is the main verb. It's an action verb. Will is the helping verb. 

The helping verb(s) and the main verb come together to form a verb phrase.

Danny will be an artist.

Be is the main verb. It's a linking verb. Will is the helping verb. Both words together (will be) form a verb phrase.

Here is a list of 24 common helping verbs. You can sing these to the tune of Witch Doctor ("Ooh ee ooh ah ah..."). I sing it for you here if you'd like to listen to me! :) 

Helping Verbs List

be, am, is, are, was,

were, been, being, have, has, had,

could, should, would, may, might,

must, shall, can, will, do, did,

does, having

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Table of irregular verbs. How to learn?

• Pre-Intermediate

  Definition of irregular verbs

  In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun goes in the same form - with the ending - ed - or completely changes its form. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs that have the ending - ed . In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.

  Do not add to ED because in the past tense, these verbs are completely inflected.

  This is exactly what we are seeing with do. In the past tense, this is not doed (as it should be), but did , because do is an irregular verb.

  So how do you know if a verb is correct or not?

  A bit of "feminine" logic will help us here: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. Those that are not on this list are correct. But the whole catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). However, the list of verbs needed in everyday life is not so extensive - almost 2 times less. They need to be known first.

  How to remember irregular verbs?

  Repeat out loud 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered - like a rhyme! Or print out a book for accelerated memorization of irregular verbs (instruction).

  Table of irregular verbs with translations

  Table. Irregular verbs with translation

  Present	Past tense	Communion	Translation
  1. awake	awoke	awoken	wake up
  2nd be	was, were	been	be
  3rd beat	beat	beaten	beat
  4. become	became	become	becomes
  5. begin	started	started	start
  6. bend	bent	bent	bend, bend down
  7. bite	bit	bitten	bite
  8. blow	blew	blown	blow
  9. break	broke	broken	break
  10. bring	brought	brought	bring
  11. broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
  12. build	built	built	build
  13. burn	burned/burnt	burned/burnt	burn, burn
  14. buy	bought	bought	buy
  15. catch	caught	caught	catch
  16. choose	chose	chosen	choose
  17. come	came	come	come
  18. cost	cost	cost	cost
  19. cut	cut	cut	cut
  20.dig	dug	dug	dig
  21. to	did	done	do
  22. draw	drew	drawn	1. draw 2. pull
  23. dream	dreamed/dreamt	dreamed/dreamt	dream
  24. drive	drove	driven	drive
  25. drink	drank	drunk	drink
  26. eat	at	eaten	yes
  27. fall	fell	fallen	fall
  28 feel	felt	felt	feel
  29. fight	fought	fought	fight
  30. find	found	found	find
  31. fly	flew	flown	fly
  32. forget	forgot	forgotten	forget
  33. forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgive
  34. freeze	frost	frozen	freeze
  35. get	got	got	receive
  36. give	gave	given	give
  37. go	went	gone	go
  38. grow	grew	grown	rise
  39.hang	hung	hung	hang
  40. have	had	had	possess, have
  41 hear	heard	heard	hear
  42. hide	hidden	hidden	hide
  43. hit	hit	hit	hit
  44. hold	held	held	keep
  45. hurt	hurt	hurt	hurt
  46. keep	kept	kept	store
  47. know	knew	known	know
  48. lay	laid	laid	put
  49. lead	led	led	lead
  50. learn	learned/learnt	learned/learnt	teach
  51. leave	left	left	leave
  52. lend	tape	tape	lend
  53.let	let	let	allow
  54 lie	lay	lay	lie down
  55. lose	lost	lost	lose
  56. make	made	made	do
  57. mean	meant	meant	intend
  58. meet	met	met	meet
  59. pay	paid	paid	pay
  60 put	put	put	put
  61. read	read	read	read
  62 ride	rode	ridden	ride
  63. ring	rank	rung	call
  64. rise	rose	risen	climb
  65. run	ran	run	run
  66. say	said	said	say
  67. see	saw	seen	see
  68. sell	sold	sold	sell
  69. send	sent	sent	send
  70. show	showed	showed/shown	show
  71. shut	shut	shut	close
  72. sing	sang	sun	sing
  73. sit	sat	sat	sit
  74. sleep	slept	slept	sleep
  75. speak	spoke	spoken	talk
  76. spend	spent	spent	spend
  77 stand	stood	stood	stand
  78. swim	swam	swum	swim
  79. take	took	taken	take
  80. teach	taught	taught	teach
  81 tear	tore	torn	tear
  82. tell	told	told	tell
  83 think	thought	thought	think
  84th throw	threw	thrown	throw
  85. understand	understood	understood	understand
  86 wake	woke	woke	wake up
  87. wear	wore	worn	wear
  88 win	won	won	win
  89. write	wrote	written	write

  Download the table of irregular English verbs

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List of modal verbs in English

Modal verbs in English are verbs that do not have their own meaning, they can only be used in conjunction with another verb. English modal verbs express modality, that is, the attitude of the speaker to any action.

Can in the meaning of "to be able", "to be able" is used to express the possibility of performing an action. One of the most common and frequently used modal verbs. It refers to insufficient verbs that do not exist in all forms.

Two forms of the verb can:

• can - present
• could - past tense and subjunctive

When negating this verb, the negative particle not is standardly added, but, unlike other cases, it becomes an integral part of the word - cannot.

Can and not are written separately when not is part of another construct. One of the most frequently used such constructions is “not only…, but also” (not only…, but also). An abbreviated form is also possible - can't.

I cannot create a document. — I can't create a document.

I can not only create a document, but also edit it. - I can not only create a document, but also edit it.

Uses of the verb Can

• Mental or physical activity.

Due to my spine problems, I can't stand so long. - Due to my back problems, I can't stand for that long (i.e. physically unable).

He could run faster. - He could run faster than (physical activity - running).

I can memorize 20 words in 5 minutes. — I can remember 20 words in 5 minutes (implies mental activity).

• The general or theoretical probability of taking an action.

She can do anything. - She can do anything.

You can get knowledge from books. You can get knowledge from books.

• Request expression. In this case, you can use both can and could, but the latter option will be more polite and formal.

Can you wait for me outside? - Can you wait for me outside?

Could you tell me how to get to the museum? — Could you tell me how to get to the museum?

• Permission to do something, request for permission to do something, prohibition.

Can I take a photo? — Can I take a photo?

You can do whatever you want. - You can do what you want.

You cannot enter the room without my permission. You may not enter the room without my permission.

• Expression of surprise, reproach or distrust.

Can it be true? - Is that really true?

You could at least give me a hint! "You could at least give me a hint!"

No, she can't treat me like this. No, she can't do this to me.

Expressions with the verb can in the future tense are translated using the probability verb to be able to (to be able / able to do). It is almost equivalent to the verb can, however, in the present and past tenses, it is more often used only to express that a person managed to do something, he succeeded in something.

The English modal verb to be able to changes in person, number and tense.

I couldn't speak Chinese but I was able to explain what I wanted. — I couldn't speak Chinese, but I was able to explain what I wanted.

Carl will be able to move to England. Carl will be able to move to England.

She is able to participate in that play. She can participate in this play.

Modal verbs that express probability also include the verb may in the meaning of “allow”, “can”.

Two forms of the verb may:

• may - present
• might - past tense and subjunctive

Both forms are abbreviated in negation:

• may not = mayn't
• might not = mightn't

Uses of the verb May

• Permission to do something, asking permission to do something.

May I stay here? - May I stay here?

You may stay. - You can stay.

• Expression of uncertainty about the probability of taking an action. Might can be used as an amplifier:

I may apply to Harvard. “I might apply to Harvard.

It might be raining tonight. “Maybe it will rain tonight.

For more formality, might can be used in both cases.

The modal verb may is analogous to the modal verb be allowed to in the meaning of permission. Such a verb is used to show that permission was given without specifying who gave it. Since the verb to be changes in tenses, numbers and persons, the same changes apply to the modal verb be allowed to.

George was allowed to buy some sweets. George was allowed to buy some sweets.

I'm allowed to edit the texts on the website. — I am allowed to edit the texts on the website.

She is not allowed to enter. She is not allowed to enter.

He was not allowed to have a pet. He was not allowed to have a pet.

The English modal verb must is used in the sense of "must". It does not have a past or future tense. Can be used in the abbreviated form mustn't.

Uses of the verb Must

• Expression of obligation, necessity.

We must finish the essay before the deadline. We have to finish the essay before the deadline.

• Forced action.

You must do this, or you will have problems. You must do this or you will be in trouble.

• Order or prohibition.

You must arrest him! You must arrest him!

You must not break the rules. You mustn't break the rules.

• Expression of confidence.

Charlie must be happy. Charlie must be (probably) happy.

Since must has no past or future tense, the modal verb have (has) to is used instead. It changes in numbers, persons and tenses.

We had to update the profiles. We needed to update profiles.

I'll have to meet him. - I'll have to meet him.

The modal verb have to (have got to) is used in the meaning of "have to", "should". In addition to the above case, it is also used on its own, without replacing the verb must. It is usually used to show that some action needs to be done "because it is necessary, and not because you want to."

I have to get up early in the morning. I have to (I have to) get up early in the morning.

Differences between Must and Have to

• The modal verb must in English is used when there is an awareness of duty, the need to do something, and there is also a rule that must be followed.

You must help your parents. You must help your parents.

• When using have to, we mean that we don't want to do something, but we have to because of the circumstances.

We had to give in. “We had to give in.

Differences between Have to and Have got to

• Have got to implies a specific action.

I've got to go to the dentist on Monday. I have to go to the dentist on Monday.

• Have to implies a repetitive action.

I have to consult my doctor every time before I go abroad. — I have to consult a doctor every time before going abroad.

The modal verb should is used in the meaning of “should”, “should”. When negated, it has the abbreviated form shouldn't.

Uses of the verb Should

• Moral obligation.

I should do something good for him. I must do something nice for him.

I should be proud of my child. “I should be proud of my child.

You should avoid passive people. You need to avoid passive people.

She should learn foreign languages. She should learn foreign languages.

You should understand that there is nothing more important than your family. You must understand that there is nothing more important than your family.

• Instructions.

You should mix the flour and the yeast. You must mix flour and yeast.

Like should, it is used in the meaning of “should”, “should”, but is used much less often. This modal verb has only one form. In denial, it can be shortened to oughtn't to.

Ought to is used to express advice or commitment.

We ought to complain about the quality. — We have to complain about the quality.

He ought to buy her flowers. He should buy her flowers.

You ought to give all your love to children. You must give all your love to children.

Combine modal and future tenses. In negation, shall can be shortened to shan't, will to won't.

Shall is used when an offer to do something is required.

Shall I open the door for you? - Open the door for you?

The English modal verb will is used to insist on something. It can also be found in interrogative sentences that imply orders.

You will clean the room. You will have to clean the room.

Will you keep quiet? - Keep quiet!

Used to express obligation. Used in past and present tenses.

Uses of the verb Be to

• Expression of actions that are performed according to a specific schedule.

The plane is to take off in 15 minutes. The plane takes off in 15 minutes.

• For actions that are predefined.

The little girl was to become the most successful writer in the USA. This little girl will become the most successful writer in the United States in the future.

• To express prohibition or impossibility.

People are not to be in that area. “People shouldn’t be in this area.

The language is not to be learned in 6 months. This language cannot be learned in six months.

Used for polite requests and suggestions. It is necessary to distinguish between would in the sense of "would" and would as a modal verb. Has an abbreviated negative form wouldn't.

Would is used in phrases with suggestions, suggestions and requests.

Would you turn on the computer, please? — Could you turn on the computer, please?

Would you like a pie, or a cake? Would you like a pie or a cake?

It would be his brother over there. It must be his brother over there.

This modal verb can be used as an analogue of the modal verb used to, expressing actions that happened before, but are no longer happening now.

When I was little, I would watch cartoons every day. — When I was little, I watched cartoons every day.

Semi-modal verbs include those verbs that can act both as the main verb and as a modal verb in the utterance, depending on the meaning and construction of the sentence.

There are still disputes about its belonging to modal verbs.

Used only to express actions/states that happened in the past. When translated into Russian, sentences with the verb used to may have the adverb "earlier".

I used to like skiing when I was young. — When I was young, I liked skiing.

He didn’t use to (used not to) drink alcohol that much. “He didn’t drink so much alcohol before.

Max used to speak English fluently. Max used to be fluent in English.

Negative formation options: “didn’t use to” or “used not to”.

Formation of the question: “Did he use to … ?”.

Indicates the need to perform an action. A shortened form of negation is needn't.

Uses of the verb Need

• Conveys the meaning of "need" in affirmative sentences.

All we need is love. - All we need is Love.

You needn't do this until you are ready. You don't have to do this until you're ready.

• Used in questions when the author wants to hear a negative in response.

Do I need to call her? I dislike that girl. Do I really need to call her? I don't like this girl so much.

Used in the meaning of "risk", "dare to do something". As a semantic verb, it also retains these meanings. Does not require the use of auxiliary verbs.

How dare you tell me what to do?! How dare you tell me what to do?

They dare not ask about the salary. They don't dare to ask about the salary.

In its meaning, the modal verb dare does not differ from the semantic verb dare.

Used in the meaning of “let”, “allow”, “allow”. As a semantic verb, it also retains these meanings.

Let her think about it. Let her think about it.

Let Michael not come tomorrow. — Let Michael not come tomorrow.

Some modal verbs may change with tense, but they do not change for persons and numbers. In a sentence, after a modal verb, an ordinary verb in the infinitive without the to particle is required.

Formula: I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They + Modal Verb + Main Verb

Example: I can dance. - I can dance.

The particle to can be part of modal verbs, but there are only three such verbs: have (got) to, ought to and be to.

Without a modal verb, the ending of the semantic verb can change depending on the person and number, acquiring the ending -s (-es). Modal verbs do not follow this rule, with the exception of have to.

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