5 years old activities

Senior preschool age (5–6 years) is a time of intensive physical, mental and personal development of a child.

The leading activity of 5–6-year-old children is play, in which all mental processes and aspects of the child's personality develop. In the game, the child comprehends the possibilities of substituting one object for another: for example, a cube becomes “soap”, a chair becomes a “car”, a stick becomes a “sword”, etc. Game substitution is the beginning of a long path leading to the use of mathematical symbols, notes, etc. Educational games for children at this age contribute to the rapid development of figurative thinking, speech, and imagination. In the role-playing game, older preschoolers develop the ability to analyze their actions, to see the situation from the perspective of another person.

At senior preschool age, relatively stable personality traits begin to appear. At this age, a positive self-image is formed and, as a rule, an overestimated self-esteem: “I am good”, “Everyone loves me”, etc. Children are aware not only of the qualities that characterize them today, but also of the potential "I", while most children are guided by a positive image of themselves in the future: "I will get only fives", "I will be smart", etc. Such a positive attitude is a favorable condition for the further development of the child's personality.

At this age, cognitive activity is actively developing: the child seeks to find out how objects are arranged, what they are intended for, seeks to establish causal relationships between the phenomena of reality. The older preschooler is already able to accept the learning task: he understands that he is performing some action in order to learn how to do it correctly. By the age of 6–7, the child is already able to use the learned method of action in new conditions, compare his result with the model, and see the discrepancies. Behavioral motivation develops. The ability to evaluate one's own performance is noticeably increased. At the age of 5.5–7 years, voluntary memorization appears: the child begins to consciously repeatedly repeat what needs to be remembered. Attention becomes more stable. The child is able to more concentrated, without being distracted, to perform this or that work, even if it is not very pleasant, but necessary. Perception becomes more and more focused, observation develops. In the imagination, a child of this age is able to move away from the learned standards and create a combined image of fantasy. At the age of 5-7 years, children experience an important turning point in the development of the brain: the speed and strength of the formation of conditioned nerve connections in the cerebral cortex increases, the inhibitory function of the cerebral cortex develops - as a result, it becomes possible to control their behavior.

Speech continues to develop in children aged 5–6: the vocabulary is enriched, the grammatical structure of speech, intonation and figurative expressiveness are improved, coherent speech is actively developing. An important feature of speech in children of this age is its egocentricity. While playing, drawing, sculpting, constructing, the child often talks to himself, without addressing anyone, talks about his actions, as if commenting on them. Egocentric speech is a kind of means of thinking. The child often does not yet know how to think to himself, so he thinks out loud. Egocentric speech helps the child to be aware of his actions and plan activities.

The leading type of thinking in older preschoolers is visual-figurative thinking. However, in difficult cases, they return to a genetically earlier level of thinking - visual-effective, because sometimes they cannot solve the problem outside of practical actions with objects.

An essential indicator of a child's development is the mastery of various knowledge, the presence of detailed ideas about the environment. Knowledge during preschool childhood deepens and expands, their generalization takes place.

Thus, at the older preschool age, children can understand the general connections and patterns underlying scientific knowledge, and not just the assimilation of specific ideas about the environment. However, children achieve a sufficiently high level of cognitive activity if parents and teachers create special conditions for this.

The Razumeikin website can provide significant assistance in this. The resource of the site allows you to develop higher mental functions: thinking, attention, speech, memory of a child of 5-6 years old. To master counting and reading in an age-friendly form, to form cognitive motivation, to broaden one's horizons. All this creates the basis for the successful education of the child in school.

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Online classes on the Razumeikin website:

• develop attention, memory, thinking, speech - namely, this is the basis for successful schooling;

• help to learn letters and numbers, learn to read, count, solve examples and problems, get acquainted with the basics of the world around;

• provide quality preparation of the child for school;

• allow primary school students to master and consolidate the most important and complex topics of the school curriculum;

• broaden the horizons of children and in an accessible form introduce them to the basics of various sciences (biology, geography, physics, chemistry).

Mode of study of students in preschool educational institution

Page updated on 07/21/2017

APPROVED

by order of the manager

dated 29.01.2014 No. 22/03-01

N.L. Boroday

The mode of employment of students in the institution

1. Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten of a general developmental type No. 8 "Spikelet" (hereinafter referred to as the Institution) operates in the mode:

• full day - 12-hour stay.

2. Working hours of the Institution:

• five-day work week;
• opening hours - from 7.00 to 19.00;
• days off - Saturday, Sunday, non-working holidays established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

3. The maximum duration of continuous wakefulness of children aged 3-7 years is 5. 5-6 hours, up to 3 years - in accordance with medical recommendations.
4. The duration of daily walks is 3-4 hours. The duration of the walk is determined depending on the climatic conditions. When the air temperature is below minus 15 °C and the wind speed is more than 7 m/s, the duration of the walk is reduced.
5. Walks are organized 2 times a day: in the first half of the day and in the second half of the day - after a day's sleep or before the children go home.
6. When organizing the stay of children for more than 5 hours, meals are organized at intervals of 3-4 hours and daytime sleep.
7. The total duration of daily sleep for preschool children is 12 - 12.5 hours, of which 2 - 2.5 hours are spent on daytime sleep. For children from 1.5 to 3 years, daytime sleep is organized once for at least 3 hours.
8. At least 3-4 hours are allotted for independent activities of children aged 3-7 years (games, preparation for educational activities, personal hygiene) in the daily routine.
9. The maximum duration of continuous directly educational activity for young children from 1.5 to 3 years is 10 minutes. Educational activities are carried out in the first and second half of the day (8-10 minutes each). It is possible to carry out educational activities on the playground during a walk.
10. The maximum duration of continuous direct educational activity for children from 3 to 4 years old is 15 minutes, for children from 4 to 5 years old - 20 minutes, for children from 5 to 6 years old - 25 minutes, for children from 6 to 7 years old - 30 minutes.
11. The maximum allowable amount of educational load in the first half of the day in the junior and middle groups is 30 and 40 minutes, respectively, and in the senior and preparatory - 45 minutes and 1.5 hours, respectively. In the middle of the time allotted for continuous educational activities, physical education minutes are held. Breaks between periods of continuous educational activity - at least 10 minutes.
12. Educational activities with children of older preschool age can be carried out in the afternoon after daytime sleep. Its duration is no more than 25 - 30 minutes a day. In the middle of a directly educational activity of a static nature, physical culture minutes are held.
13. Educational activities that require increased cognitive activity and mental stress of children are organized in the first half of the day. To prevent fatigue in children, physical education, music classes, rhythm, etc. are held.
14. The forms of physical activity of children in the Establishment are morning gymnastics, physical education indoors and outdoors, physical training minutes, outdoor games, sports exercises, rhythmic gymnastics, training on simulators and others.

In the volume of motor activity of pupils aged 5-7 years, health-improving and educational activities are provided in organized forms for 6-8 hours a week, taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of children, the time of year and the mode of operation of the Institution.

15. With children of the second and third years of life, physical development classes of the main educational program are carried out in subgroups 2-3 times a week.

The duration of physical development classes for children from 1 year 7 months to 2 years - 8 - 10 minutes, from 2 years 1 month to 3 years - 10-15 minutes.

16. Physical development classes of the main educational program for children aged 3 to 7 years are organized at least 3 times a week. The duration of physical development classes depends on the age of the children and is:

• in the younger group - 15 min.,
• in the middle group - 20 min.,
• in the senior group - 25 min.,
• in the preparatory group - 30 min.

Once a week for children 5-7 years old, classes are organized all year round for the physical development of children in the open air (if the children have no medical contraindications and the children have sportswear appropriate for weather conditions).

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