Compound words for side

It is important not to confuse these parts of speech in a sentence in order to write them correctly. If in doubt, try replacing the word with another adverb or asking an adverbial question to it. If it works out, then this is an adverb, it needs to be written together.

Test yourself

Read the phrases below and identify which words are hyphenated and which are not. Open the brackets and support your answer with the rules in this section.

(Some) where they stopped, the result (on) the face, (on) the face the light fell, once (on) a long time ago, (in) tenths, walks (barely) barely, sorted out (quietly) peacefully.

Pronouns

Hyphen in pronouns

Pronouns can only be hyphenated if they are indefinite. Moreover, they will always be used with morphemes something , something , something , something - just like the adverbs from the previous section:

• something,

• anyone,

• some etc.

Continuous and separate spelling of pronouns

If an indefinite or negative pronoun contains a prefix non- or non-, while there is no preposition between it and the root, it is written together:

If there is a preposition between neither or not and the pronoun, they must be written separately:

Also in Russian, particles nor and not are written separately with all other categories of pronouns, except for indefinite and negative ones. At the same time, all pronouns of any category are written separately with prepositions:

• to talk about something,

• did not come by himself etc.

Check yourself

Read the pronouns below and identify which words are hyphenated and which are not. Open the brackets and support your answer with the rules in this section.

Not (with) anyone, not (with) anyone, that (or), no (who), anyone (someone), (someone) who, something (with) someone.

Hyphen in functional parts of speech

When a hyphen is written in prepositions

In prepositions, a hyphen can be found only in one case - if the preposition is compound (that is, it consists of two parts) and non-derivative (that is, it was not formed from the word of another part speech). We have already discussed this topic in more detail in the article "Ranks of Prepositions". There you can also learn about cases when prepositions are written together or separately.

Examples of prepositions that are written with a hyphen:

• from underground,

• above the snow,

• because of the mountains.

Continuous, hyphenated and separate writing of particles

Particles b, b, g, li, le must be written separately with the rest of the words:

• will you come,

• you'll see,

• would show etc.

Words with particles -ka and -to are hyphenated:

• come on,

• tell me something etc.

It is important not to confuse conjunctions also and also with combinations of pronoun or adverb and particle same . They sound the same, but if the prepositions are written together, then particle must be written separately with the pronoun then and the adverb so .

Hyphen in interjections and onomatopoeia

Now let's find out when a hyphen is written inside a word, if it is an interjection or onomatopoeia.

1. Complex and sometimes compound interjections, which include two or more words, are written with a hyphen:

   • bayushki,

   • by God etc.

2. It often happens that an interjection or onomatopoeia is formed by the repetition of words. In this case, it is also written with a hyphen

   • co-co-co,

   • hee hee etc.

Test Yourself

Now that we have discussed the theoretical part of the topic in detail, let's practice to determine the continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling of words in Russian.

Read the phrases below and determine which parts of speech the words they contain belong to. Open the brackets and put a hyphen where needed. Explain why you chose a particular spelling option using the general rules we covered in this article.

I got out of (under) the snow, someone strong, we will get to know each other for the first time, a little (slightly) tired, somewhere far away, from (the beginning) of the path, looked (in) cunning, raincoat (tent) , English (French), light (beige), treated (like) humanly, (half) a cucumber.

We hope that after this article the continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of words will no longer seem like a difficult issue to you. And if not, try again to analyze this topic, but with the teacher. In the lessons at the Skysmart online Russian language school, we will explain it in simple language and teach you to see the logic in the rules for hyphenation, and not memorize them. This will help you not be afraid of tests, improve your grades and go to school with pleasure.

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Complex nouns - Words, Words (Grade 6, Russian)

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Compound nouns are words that have two (rarely more) roots. They can be formed in different ways and written not only together, but also with a hyphen. What does writing depend on and what are the rules for this? Students of the 6th grade can learn about this at the Russian language lessons.

The material was prepared jointly with the teacher of the highest category Kuchmina Nadezhda Vladimirovna.

Experience as a teacher of Russian language and literature - 27 years.

Continuous spelling of compound nouns

So, such nouns are written together, between the bases of which there is a connecting vowel o or e: pedestrian, garbage truck . In addition, there is a list of the first basics, the continuous spelling of words with which is mandatory. These are basics such as aero, electro, auto, zoo and others: zoo, wind tunnel .

Proper names can also be complex and can also be written together. For example, if we are talking about the names of cities, the second part of which is the word city or city - Leningrad, Uzhgorod.

Continuous spelling is also characteristic of those compound nouns, the first part of which ends in and. At the same time, these nouns themselves must be declined: hoarder, flirt tail .

Hyphenating compound nouns

Compound nouns are quite often written with a hyphen, so there are quite a few rules in this case.

If a compound noun consists of two equal words, between which there is no connecting vowel, then such nouns will be connected with a hyphen: sofa bed, firebird .

When declensing such words, only the second one or both of them can change; in any case, the spelling will be hyphenated.

Also, a hyphen is placed in those compound nouns that denote the names of political parties or movements (Social Democrat) or compound units (kilowatt hour) . In the latter case, even the presence of a connecting vowel does not prevent writing with a hyphen: man-day .

Words with ober-, counter-, ex- and vice-, which act as the first part, are always written with a hyphen: vice-chairman .

In the names of the intermediate cardinal directions, a hyphen is also put, regardless of whether they have Russian bases or foreign ones: northeast, northwest .

If the combination of words has the meaning of a noun, then they will be written with a hyphen, even if they include the verb (don't touch me) , the union (ivan-da-marya) or the preposition (Rostov-on-Don ) .

Names of cities and other geographical points, which consist of two words, are usually also written with a hyphen: Orekhovo-Zuevo, New York .

Spelling of compound surnames of foreign and Russian origin

Such words also belong to nouns, so their spelling is considered. So, Russian surnames are written with a hyphen, which are formed from two surnames, for example, Rimsky-Korsakov .

Examples of compound nouns of this type of foreign origin are no less interesting: they also have a hyphenated spelling: Saint-Exupery, Saint-Simon . If the initial and final component of a proper name is a Turkic word denoting kinship, a hyphenated spelling is also required: Uryuk-ogly, Osman Pasha .

At the same time, proper names that have articles are written separately: Otto von Bismarck, Armand de La Fere .

What have we learned?

There are many compound nouns in Russian (that is, those that have two roots, sometimes more). They can be written together or with a hyphen, in any case, their spelling is governed by a number of rules. These rules are based both on the principles of connection between roots and on which words are included in the compound noun (often the spelling depends on the first or second stem).

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