Home » Misc » Ing words with double consonants

Ing words with double consonants


Doubling the final consonant before adding –ed or –ing

Ask the Editor

Question

When do you double the consonant at the end of a verb, before adding –ed or –ing?  — Pasam G, Tanzania

Answer

SPELLING RULES FOR VERBS WITH -ING AND -ED ENDINGS

When a verb ends in a consonant, sometimes the consonant is doubled before adding the –ed or –ing ending, like this:

stop --> stopped, stopping         

  • Lucy stopped the car.
  • Why was Lucy stopping the car?

And sometimes the final consonant is not doubled, like this:

shift --> shifted, shifting             

  • Sandy shifted the gears.
  • Sandy was shifting the gears too much. 

To know when to double the final consonant, follow the rules below.  

RULES

  1. In a word with 1 syllable, double the final consonant ONLY if the word ends in 1 vowel + 1 consonant. 
  2. In a word with 2 or more syllables, double the final consonant ONLY if the word ends in 1 vowel + 1 consonant AND the final syllable is stressed. 
  3. At the end of a word, don’t count w, x, or y as a consonant.

APPLYING THE RULES

These verbs get a doubled final consonant:

  • tip / He tipped the waiter. /He isn't tipping the waiter. 
  • cram / The students crammed for the test. /The students were cramming for the test. 
  • regret / Carl regretted the things he had said. /Carl was regretting the things he had said.

These verbs do not get a doubled final consonant:

  • vote --> voted, voting (vote ends in a vowel)
  • instruct --> instructed, instructing (instruct ends in 2 consonants)
  • listen --> listened, listening (listen has 2 syllables and the final syllable is not stressed)

 

 

Archive

Select month. ..February 2022January 2022December 2021November 2021October 2021September 2021August 2021July 2021June 2021May 2021April 2021March 2021February 2021January 2021December 2020November 2020October 2020September 2020August 2020July 2020June 2020May 2020April 2020March 2020February 2020January 2020December 2019November 2019October 2019September 2019August 2019May 2019April 2019March 2019February 2019January 2019December 2018November 2018October 2018September 2018August 2018July 2018June 2018May 2018April 2018March 2018February 2018January 2018December 2017November 2017October 2017September 2017August 2017July 2017June 2017May 2017April 2017March 2017February 2017January 2017December 2016November 2016October 2016September 2016August 2016July 2016June 2016May 2016April 2016March 2016February 2016January 2016December 2015November 2015October 2015September 2015August 2015July 2015June 2015May 2015April 2015March 2015February 2015January 2015December 2014November 2014October 2014September 2014August 2014July 2014June 2014May 2014April 2014March 2014February 2014January 2014December 2013November 2013October 2013September 2013August 2013July 2013June 2013May 2013April 2013March 2013February 2013January 2013December 2012November 2012October 2012September 2012August 2012July 2012June 2012May 2012April 2012March 2012February 2012January 2012December 2011November 2011October 2011September 2011August 2011July 2011June 2011May 2011April 2011March 2011February 2011January 2011December 2010November 2010October 2010September 2010August 2010July 2010June 2010May 2010April 2010March 2010February 2010January 2010December 2009November 2009October 2009September 2009August 2009July 2009June 2009May 2009April 2009March 2009February 2009January 2009December 2008November 2008October 2008September 2008

You can read more articles in the archive.

Spelling rules: doubling up

There are so many spelling rules and it can be difficult to remember them all when you are learning English (and even if you do remember the rule, sometimes it doesn’t always apply, for instance the ‘I before E rule’). However, the doubling rule, or the 1-1-1 rule works in every instance.

The spelling rule

The spelling rule is: if the word has 1 syllable (a word with one vowel sound), 1 vowel and it ends in 1 consonant, you double the final consonant before you add ‘ing’, ‘ed’, ‘er’, ‘est’ (also known as a suffixal vowel). You don’t double the consonant if the word ends in ‘tion’ (also known as a suffixal consonant).

So, if the word has:

-          1 syllable

-          1 vowel

-          1 consonant, which follows the vowel

You double up the last consonant, to make a suffixal vowel (running/ runner, jogging, stopping/stopped).

For example: The word ‘run’

-          It has 1 syllable

-          It has 1 vowel – ‘u’

-          And it has 1 consonant that follows the vowel – ‘n’

In this instance, you double the last consonant to make the word ‘running’.

More examples:

  • Run = Running
  • Stop = Stopping/Stopped
  • Big = Bigger
  • Quiz = Quizzes
  • Fat = Fatter/ Fattest

Words that have more than one consonant after the vowel don’t double, e.g. ‘lift’ has two consonants ‘f’ and ‘t’, so you don’t double the last consonant, instead you just add the suffixal vowel: ‘lifting’.

For words that have a long ‘e’ vowel on the end, for example grade, slide, hate, you drop the ‘e’ before adding ‘ing’ or ‘ed’, without doubling the last consonant. E.g. Grade becomes ‘grading’ or ‘graded’.

Words with more than one syllable

The doubling rule can also be used for words with more than one syllable, however these words must end in a single consonant and the primary stress must be on the final syllable.

So, if the word has:

-          More than 1 syllable

-          Ends in 1 consonant

-          The final consonant follows a vowel, and that vowel is bearing primary stress

You double up the last consonant, to make a suffixal vowel. Just like with a single syllable word, you don’t double the last consonant for a suffixal consonant.

For example: The word ‘begin’

-          It has more than 1 syllable (2 syallables – be-gin)

-          It has 1 vowel  that bears the primary stress – ‘i’

-          And it has 1 consonant that follows the primary stress bearing vowel, in this instance – ‘n’

In this instance, you double the last consonant to make the word ‘beginning’.

More examples:

  • Control = Controlling/Controlled
  • Regret = Regretting/Regretted

However, if the primary stress is not on the last syllable then you do not double the consonant. E.g. ‘open’ becomes ‘opening’. 

Double consonants. Double consonant words - Russian

§6

In Russian, words with double consonants in the root are found quite often in foreign words, as well as in some Russian words. Most often in Russian words, a doubled consonant occurs at the junction of a root and a suffix, as well as at the junction of a prefix and a root.

Double consonants in roots

Only double consonants are used in the roots of Russian words ss and lj . There are few such words.

The letters ss are written in the word quarrel and related words formed from it, for example: to ss to shout, to ss to shout ; and also in the words Ro ss iya (from the obsolete ross ), ro ss iya, Beloru ss iya (but Rus, Belarusian ).

Letters LJ are written in words in LiveJournal and, Dro LiveJournal and, Zhu LiveJournal AT, MO LiveJournal Ewellar and related related words, for example: Zhi LIG ANINIA, MO LJ Evalle . Letters LiveJournal are also written in words and forms formed from the verb to burn ( tourniquet ), for example: LiveJournal 11111111111111111111111111, LIG fj em .

Double consonants at the junction of a prefix and a root

Double consonants in Russian words are written at the junction of a prefix and a root if the prefix ends and the root begins with the same consonant, for example: , in sz rhenium, according to dd hold, o tt excut .

Notes:

1. With the letters ss words formed from the root -count- 9 are written0012 using the prefix ras - for example: ra ss read, ra ss read . Words with the same prefix and root -th- are written with one with , for example: calculation, calculating (but countless , from without counting ).

2. Double consonants can occur in suffixes and at the junction of a root and a suffix, for example: traditional nn th, unity nn th, matro ss cue . These cases will be considered later.

Double consonants in foreign words

Most double consonants are found in foreign words, for example: appeal , intellectual , occupant . These words, as well as words with unchecked spellings, need to be memorized. The following is a list of the most common words with double consonants.

Words with double consonants

A

  • aggressor
  • apparatus
  • association
  • allegory
  • appetite
  • attaché
  • abstract
  • artillery
  • certificate
  • cancel
  • assistant
  • attraction
  • appeal

B

  • ballad
  • barricade
  • fiction
  • ballot
  • pool
    • Bulletin

G

  • group

D

  • discussion
  • dissertation
  • differentiation

AND

  • illusion
  • illumination
  • illustration

K

  • classic
  • comment
  • concession
  • collective
  • communism
  • correspondent
  • colloquium
  • communiqué
  • crystal
  • column, colonnade
  • compromise
  • crystal but crystal
  • colossus
  • congress
  • cross
  • commission

M

  • weight
  • metal
  • mission

O

  • occupation
  • opposition
  • opponent

R

  • parallel
  • pessimism
  • progress
  • passive
  • press
  • profession
  • platform
  • program

R

  • director
  • spring
  • repression

C

  • symmetry
  • surrogate

T

  • telegram
  • territory
  • highway
  • tennis
  • terror
  • troupe
  • terrace
  • tons, but five tons
  • tunnel and tunnel

X

  • hockey

C

  • celluloid
  • cellulose

W

  • Chassis
  • highway

E

  • expression
  • effect

Rate:

5 (4)

Share with friends

Words with double (doubled) consonants / Spelling and orthograms grades 1-4 / Reference book on the Russian language for elementary school

  1. Main
  2. Handbooks
  3. Primary school Russian language guide
  4. Spelling and spelling of grades 1-4
  5. Words with double (doubled) consonants

A long consonant in a word is often written using two identical consonants. Such consonants are called double (doubled).

The following consonants can be double in words:

  • bb - pp - Saturday, group, troupe, apparatus
  • ff - differentiate
  • kk - neat, accordion, hockey
  • ss - profession, art, Russian
  • tt - attraction, certificate
  • rr - terrace, platform
  • burning - buzzing, burning
  • ll - collection, alley, million
  • mm - grammar, kg
  • nn - bath, column, lemon

Double consonants can stand:

  1. Burning at the beginning of a word
  2. In the middle of a word - worldview
  3. At the end of the word - kilogram

Double consonants are written at the junction of the prefix and the root : indefinite, view, support

Double consonants can be at the junction of the root and the suffix : chimney, lemon.

Double consonants can be located and at the root of : art, gram.

The spelling of double consonants should be memorized or, if in doubt, consult a spelling dictionary.

Usually, where a long sound is heard, double consonants are written. However, there are a number of exceptions that you need to know: gallery, imitation.

! Pay attention:

Double consonants refer to one syllable : quarrel-ra, zhu-zhzhat.

When hyphenating words with doubled consonants, these letters are separated by : Saturday, Appetit.

We advise you to see:

The use of the capital (large) letters

unstressed vowel in the root of the word

Spelling of the voiced and deaf consonants in the root of the word

Verified impenetrable consonant in the root of the word 9000

Words with alternating consonant letters in roots

Soft sign in words as an indicator of softness

Grammar soft sign after hissing

Separating soft and hard sign

Spelling of prefixes on -з / -с

Spelling of prefixes and prepositions

Letters I - Y after C

Spelling of combinations -ORO-, -OLO-, -EPE-, -ELE-.

Suffixes -ENK-, -ONK- in adjectives

Vowels Е, И in noun suffixes -EK-, -IK-

Spelling of suffixes -О, -А, -Е in adverbs

Vowels O, Y, E after sibilants

Spelling of unstressed noun endings

Spelling of unstressed adjective endings

Spelling of unstressed personal verb endings

Spelling -s/-s in reflexive verbs

with "ne"

Word hyphenation

Spelling and spelling of grades 1-4

The rule is found in the following exercises:

2 class

Exercise 136, Kanakina, Workbook, part 1

Exercise 221, Kanakina, Goretsky, Textbook, part 2

exercise 3, Klimanova, Babushkina, Workbook, part 1

Exercise 104, Klimanova, Babushkina, Workbook, part 1

Exercise 105, Klimanova, Babushkina, Workbook, part 1

Exercise 106, Klimanova, Babushkina, Workbook, part 1

Exercise 2, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook

exercise 3, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook

Exercise 25, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook

Exercise 34, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook

Grade 3

Exercise 134, Kanakina, Goretsky, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 258, Kanakina, Goretsky, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 179, Kanakina, Workbook, part 2

Exercise 77, Klimanov, Babushkina, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 130, Klimanova, Babushkina, Workbook, part 2

Exercise 155, Polyakova, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 219, Polyakova, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 93, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 158, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 335, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook, part 2

4th grade

Exercise 95, Kanakina, Goretsky, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 66, Kanakina, Workbook, part 1

Exercise 185, Kanakina, Workbook, part 1

Exercise 36, Kanakina, Goretsky, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 64, Klimanov, Babushkina, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 214, Klimanov, Babushkina, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 217, Klimanov, Babushkina, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 4, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 190, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 224, Buneev, Buneeva, Pronina, Textbook, part 2

5th class

Exercise 244, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 502, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 517, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 641, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 510, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 65, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

Exercise 67, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

Exercise 154, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

Exercise 395, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

Exercise 748, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

6th grade

Exercise 214, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 238, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 372, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 378, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 385, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 409, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 439, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 609, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 11, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Textbook, part 1

Exercise 142, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

7th grade

Exercise 329, Aleksandrova, Rybchenkova, Zagorovskaya, Narushevich, Textbook

Exercise 242, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Aleksandrova, Textbook

Exercise 349, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Aleksandrova, Textbook

Exercise 366, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Aleksandrova, Textbook

Exercise 389, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Aleksandrova, Textbook

Exercise 382, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Aleksandrova, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 538, Ladyzhenskaya, Baranov, Trostentsova, Grigoryan, Kulibaba, Aleksandrova, Textbook, part 2

Exercise 169, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

Exercise 377, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

Exercise 482, Razumovskaya, Lvova, Kapinos, Textbook

8th grade

Exercise Practicum page 68, Aleksandrova, Rybchenkova, Zagorovskaya, Narushevich, Textbook

Exercise Practicum page 126, Aleksandrova, Rybchenkova, Zagorovskaya, Narushevich, Textbook

Exercise 219, Aleksandrova, Rybchenkova, Zagorovskaya, Narushevich, Textbook

Exercise 249, Aleksandrova, Rybchenkova, Zagorovskaya, Narushevich, Textbook

Exercise Repetition pp.

Learn more