Kids learning counting


How Children Learn to Count

  • Education
  • Maths Tips
  • 5 and under

Counting is easily taken for granted but there's a lot of fascinating research into how we learn to count - and there's more to it than you may think.

The mathematical brain

It’s first worth considering where our capacity to do mathematics comes from.

Neuropsychologist Brian Butterworth in his book “The Mathematical Brain” suggests we’re born with an innate sense of number hard-wired into our brain and he attributes this to a small region of the brain behind the left ear he calls "the number module". He compares this idea to colour – in the same way we perceive the “greenness” of a leaf we can also perceive the “twoness” or “threeness” of a group of objects.

Take counting. Like times tables and algebra, we tend to think it's something kids have to be taught. Wrong, says Butterworth - it's an instinct. Sure, we have to learn the names and symbols of numbers to develop that instinct, but, because the number module is hardwired into the brain, basic counting comes naturally.

Remote tribes can count even when they have no words for numbers. In maths as in language he believes, "kids start off with little starter kits" And their maths starter kit is the number module.

There are other theories too - such as maths being an extension of our spatial awareness – but there’s something nice in the idea of a “little maths starter kit”.  

A Word of warning - All this doesn't mean a child is predestined to be either good at maths or not. Far from it, we’re all born ready to learn maths – and it’s what happens in the first 10 years or so that sets us up.

Counting with toddlers

Research suggest that toddlers - even as young as 12 months - have a sense of how many there are in a set - up to around three objects. This comes from their innate sense of number.

Counting is learned when the toddler starts making the connection between this innate sense of "how many there are" and the language we use to count "one, two, buckle my shoe". This is the first stage in learning maths and it's the building block for many early concepts.

Should parents count with their toddlers? Absolutely, using a variety of real objects. And since counting and language are interlinked reading to your toddlers is equally, if not more, important.

Counting - early learning milestones

Here are some stages of learning to count that you may notice your child going through at ages 3 to 5:

  • Recognising how many objects are in a small set without counting. So if you show your child four apples they won't have to count them to tell you there's four.
  • Knowing the "number words" from one to ten and their order.
  • Know the sequence regardless of which number they start on. So if you say "start counting at four" they will count "four, five . ." as opposed to always counting from one.
  • Conservation of quantity - This is where children realise that the number of objects in a set stays the same unless any are added or removed. So if they count six cans of beans in a straight line, then you rearrange the beans ( in front of their eyes ) into say two stacks of three - they will realise there's still six without recounting.
  • Counting non-visible objects - your child will realise they can count things they can't touch or even see - such as sounds, members of someone else's family, or even ideas.
  • Cardinality, not to be confused with carnality - This is knowing that the last number counted is equal to the quantity of the set. If your child counts six oranges 1,2,3,4,5,6 and then you ask "how many oranges are there"? and they count them again then they haven't grasped "cardinality".

Counting on - as a step towards adding

Learning to add comes as an extension of counting. Here are some stages a child goes through to make this connection:

  • Counting all - For 3 + 5, children will count "one, two, three" and then "one, two, three, four, five"  to establish the quantity of the sets to be added – for example, three fingers on one hand and five fingers on the other. The child will then count all the objects "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight"
  • Counting on from the first number - Some children come to realise that it is not necessary to count the first number to add. They can start with three, and then count on another five to get the solution. Using finger counting, the child will no longer count out the first set, but start with the word ‘Three’, and then use a hand to count on the second added: ‘Four, five, six, seven, eight’.
  • Counting on from the larger number -  It's more efficient when the smaller of the two numbers is counted. The child now selects the biggest number to start with which is "five", and then counts on "six, seven, eight".
  • The final stage isn't really counting - it's where learners know their number facts and skip the time-consuming counting altogether.

Number lines are great visual tools for making this connection between "counting on" and addition or subtraction - we use them in Komodo a lot. Here's an earlier blog article all about number lines.

Beyond basic counting

Counting is the first mathematical pattern learners encounter. From here they soon begin to count backwards which is a step towards subtraction and they'll also count in twos, fives and tens which are a foundation for multiplication.

The next big step is the idea of place value and counting to base 10. Learners often make this leap simply because it's an obvious and efficient way to count large numbers. In Komodo, we use practice examples like this to help learners make the connection to counting in tens and ones.

It's easy to forget that counting is a key concept in maths with many stages before it's mastered. There's certainly a lot more to it than one, two, three!

I'm Ged, Co-founder of Komodo, ex-maths teacher and dad. If you have any questions please get in touch.

About Komodo - Komodo is a fun and effective way to boost primary maths skills. Designed for 5 to 11 year olds to use in the home, Komodo uses a little and often approach to learning maths (15 minutes, three to five times per week) that fits into the busy routine. Komodo users develop fluency and confidence in maths - without keeping them at the screen for long.

Find out more about Komodo and how it helps thousands of children each year do better at maths - you can even try Komodo for free.

Related Posts

Mindset - the path to mastery

People who have a growth mindset believe that they always have the potential to learn and improve. They are more motivated to persevere with difficult tasks, to take risks and to learn from failure.

Top tips to de-stress homework time

Homework can be a trigger for some of the worst fights and arguments that we have with our children. Here are some solutions that can help reduce tensions and get homework done without arguments.

‎Kids Learning - My First Numbers Counting Game on the App Store

Grasshopper Apps = Top Educational iPad Apps for Kids :-)

Why Grasshopper Apps? We believe that educational apps should be ridiculously fun, immensely educational, and affordable for all.

Fortunately, hundreds of thousands of parents agree and have turned us into one of the hottest app developers for kids on the iPad.

Ideal for Kids 1 - 4 Years Old

Grasshopper Apps User Stories:

"I love this app! It's so awesome because you can make your own cards! And you can record your own voice. I made a card for my pet cat Byron. It's so cute!"

"Must-have app! My daughter (23 months) loves the flashcards with the sounds as my wife and I have recorded our voices with the sounds each animal makes! Outstanding as whenever we ask our daughter if she wants to do words, she laughs and screams Yes! Keep up the excellent work and we look forward to more outstanding products!"

"Wonderful App! As a mom & as a certified Kindergarten teacher, I love this app. I use it with my infant twins daily & am brainstorming ways to use it with my students in the fall (specifically the shapes)!"

"I love this app. You can customize all the flashcards with your own voice plus add your own. My baby loves it and his older siblings had so much fun recording their voices to the animal flashcards along with silly animal sounds. It is probably one if the most fun baby apps available."

FEATURES

* A great and exciting introduction to learning numbers 1 to 20.

* Learn to count fingers, quantities (e.g. 5 apples), and learn to recognize your first numbers (e.g. 1, 2, 3, etc.)

* Add your own cards - record own voice and add own pictures!

* Includes 100+ gorgeous photographs that are carefully hand picked and selected

* Fun & engaging voice artist keeps kids engaged

* 6 different play modes to show the flashcards anyway you like. Play modes include (image only, word only, flashcard only, word then flashcard, word then image)

* 4 super fun game modes where you either match the picture to the words or the words to the pictures

* Fully customizable font size, font color, spelling (upper case, lower case, etc. )

* Infant mode - includes ability to select extra large font size and red font color (ideal for babies less than 12 months of age)

* Don't want to teach your baby a given word? No problem, just delete the card

* Multi-sensory learning tool - combining audio, voice, and written words

HEROIC SUPPORT

Heroic Support is not just what we do.  It's really what makes us, well, us.  It's that drive to make a difference in your life - no matter how big or small.  Really, it's our way of life because we want you to be our customer for a lifetime of fun and learning.

Have questions?  We are here to help.  Email us at [email protected]

How to teach a child to count to 10, 20, 100

How to teach a child to count

Many children come to the first grade already with counting skills, so it is important for parents to teach them in advance. Today there are many techniques that make it interesting and fun.

Do not impose learning to count, it should be easy: in the course of daily activities or games. Count familiar objects together, gradually complicating the tasks. For example, he easily visualizes two oranges or four plates, but hardly abstract sets.

When to teach your child to count

Most experts believe that the best time to teach kids to count is 3-5 years. It is at this age that the child begins to be interested in new things and learns to establish patterns between numbers. However, everything is very individual. If the baby is actively exploring the world and is interested in mathematics earlier, you can start learning from the age of 1.5.

What methods to use to teach counting

We have collected proven methods that allow you to do this in a playful way that is interesting for the child.

  • Finger counting . The technique helps to understand how to teach a child to count to ten. It will be difficult for a baby to remember all the numbers at once, so you can start with five and focus on the fingers of one hand. Introduce the child to their names, then connect the other hand. You can use finger games when one disappears or two or three fingers meet together.
  • Use of study cards and sticks . You can lay them out one by one on the table and name the numbers, then move one part of the sticks to the right and the other to the left and ask how many sticks are in each part.
  • Number games . Teaching children to count can take place in a playful way. For example, the role-playing game "shop". You need to choose who will be the seller and who will be the buyer, and assign a currency. Selling or buying sweets and toys, the child will easily remember the numbers up to ten and even up to twenty.
  • Montessori method . It's like playing shop. You can give the child different coins, for example, a ruble, two, five, and ask him to calculate the amount or change money.
  • Doman technique . The author recommends using cards with red dots for counting. The color will attract the baby's attention.
Glen Doman Cards
  • Hundred Account Nikolai Zaitsev suggests immediately showing numbers from 0 to 99. So the child will understand how many tens and units each number makes.
Nikolai Zaitsev's cards
  • Polyakov's method . You will need cubes, a box with compartments according to the number of cubes and numbers. First, one cube is taken, placed in a cell and the number 1 is placed next to it. And so on up to 100.
Sergey Polyakov's Cubes

How to teach your child to count to 20

To teach your child to count to 20, use two pairs of hands - yours and his own. You can also use cubes, cards, sticks or draw dashes - whatever comes to mind. Such an account is given as easily as up to 10. At this stage, the child needs to understand the composition of the number.

<>

How to teach a child to count up to 100

Tell your child that there are only nine tens, then name each tens: ten, twenty, thirty, and so on. Invite him to memorize 10 new digits of each ten every day. At the end of the day, ask what the child remembers and repeat what they have learned on other days. To simplify repetition, you can count the objects that are in front of you. After the child has mastered the tens, invite him to play a game: write a series of numbers with tens and skip one number in the middle. Ask your child to complete the pass.

<>

You can also use Glenn Doman's method. First, the child needs to be shown cards with no more than five dots, then increase their number to 20, 50, and then up to 100. This method will also help train visual memory.

It is important to draw the attention of the child to the numbers from 11 to 19, as they are called differently from the rest.

Source: freepik.com

How to teach your child to add and subtract

To teach a child to solve examples, visualization is needed again. Bend and bend your fingers, remove and take out sweets.

Addition and subtraction are reciprocal operations. This connection needs to be conveyed to the child. That is, to demonstrate that 2+1 = 3 is the same as 3−1 = 2 and 3−2 = 1. If the child has mastered the principle, there will be no problems with other numbers.

To teach your child to add and subtract within 20, you need a number line. For example, 5+3. We find the number 3 on the beam and take five steps to the right. You can do the same with your fingers. So you can teach to count with the transition through a dozen and without.

Actions with the transition through ten have a peculiarity: you need to know the composition of the number and the pair of numbers that together form a ten (1 and 9, 2 and 8, 3 and 7, 4 and 6, 5 and 5). For example, 7+6. Seven to ten lacks three, that is, it turns out 7 + 3 + unknown. The six gave away three to ten, which means that there are still three left. Then it turns out: 7+3+3.

How to teach a child to count in columns

Explain that in addition and subtraction, all actions are performed in digits: tens with tens, ones with ones. For example, 31 + 12: a three is added to a unit, a unit to a two.

To simplify, you can do training exercises - for example, write numbers under each other. Number 6 at the bottom, 12 at the top. It is important to explain to the child that six should be under the number 2, and not 1, as it refers to units.

Start with simple examples, where numbers add up to a number less than 10. Then you can move on to examples with a transition through ten: for example, 25 + 16. 5 + 6 add up to 11. Then we write the unit from 11 under the line, and we remember the unit as a ten. When we add the tens, we get 2 + 1 and another +1, which we kept in our heads.

In the case of subtraction, you should also start with simple examples, gradually moving on to more complex ones. For example: 25-16, in the column where there are ones, 5 less than 6, explain to the child that in this case we kind of “borrow” a unit from tens.

For convenience, you can use the symbols that are marked in blue in the figure. In the first case, a ten is added, in the second, a dot serves as a reminder of a “busy” ten.

Counting games and exercises

Lego

Build towers with a certain number of blocks to teach your child to count. Later Lego will be needed in the development of fractions.

Fairy tales

Read to your child passages from fairy tales that contain numbers. He needs to clap as soon as he hears them.

Coloring pages with examples

You can teach your child to add and subtract through coloring pages, where an example is written in each cell, by solving which the child will recognize the color.

Board game "Strawberry paths"

There are two types of cards in the game: "Picking berries" and "Sharing berries". In the first case, you need to string a certain amount on your thread, and in the second, subtract, that is, give away. In the process, you need to count the berries and compare.

Strawberry Trails

Dominoes with numbers

The principle is the same as with pictures. One domino with two numbers around the edges is laid out by the child, the parent picks up a die with one of the numbers. The one who gets rid of the dominoes first wins.

<

>

UNO

A game to reinforce colors and numbers. Each player has seven cards. The top card of the deck is turned over, and everyone in a circle must put a card on top of either the same color or the same number.

Board game "Fructo 10"

You have to race to find the right fruits with numbers. It will help to train the skill of fluent counting and mindfulness.

Frukto 10 game

Summary

There is no mandatory requirement to teach a child to count before school. If he has a natural desire for new knowledge and discoveries, you can teach your baby to count from 3-5 years old. First to ten, then to a hundred. When tens and units are learned, proceed to the study of addition and subtraction. It is important to act gently and instill in the child a love of numbers and mathematics. With this you will be helped by professional teachers of Foxford Primary School.

step-by-step instructions with expert advice

The account is inextricably linked with our whole life and is its important element. But how to teach a child to count from 1 to 10 and to understand numbers in general so that learning becomes a joy, not a punishment?

Evgenia Golitsyna

Author KP

Natalya Melnichuk

Head, teacher-psychologist
Developing programs
Children's Center "Stars"

9002
employee of the Children's Center "Dandelion"

Irina Musinova

Director of the Mental
Arithmetic Center "Abus Crimea"

Elena Sapozhnik

Children's development studio
Vesnushka

It is difficult to imagine that we are all we are all once they didn’t know how to count at all, because it seems that this skill is as natural for a person as seeing, breathing or speaking. Even those who, for some reason, cannot read and write, still navigate in a simple account. There are, on the contrary, the only ones who instantly perform the most complex mathematical calculations in their minds. But all this is not an innate gift, but the result of the training that each of us underwent in childhood. This is a task that every parent invariably faces: how to teach a child to count and not discourage him from learning? How to turn boring activities into an exciting game? how to develop counting skills in him, and perhaps discover a future mathematical genius in his son or daughter?

Step-by-step instructions for teaching a child to count

Adults think and perceive the world in different ways: someone is better at handling images and objects, while someone is easier to navigate in abstract mathematical categories. As for young children, everything is simpler here: with rare exceptions, they all perceive the world through objects, and abstractions for the time being are beyond their understanding. Therefore, in order to teach a child to count, it is necessary to operate either with the objects themselves or with their images. The first is preferable, since it is very important that the baby can not only see what he has to count, but also feel, smell, and even, possibly, try on the tooth. The reason lies precisely in the fact that he needs to link an abstract number with an object that is understandable to him, real and tangible by all the senses. It can be fruits, vegetables, sweets, toys, and even your own fingers (in this case, of course, you should not try it on the tooth). It is especially important to work with objects when you are dealing with very young children aged 1.5-2 years. Older guys are already excellent at operating with pictures.

“Doggy and Cat”

You can start training at about a year and a half, but at this age, when the child still doesn’t really know how to speak, you shouldn’t expect any outstanding results from him. Just introduce him to the concept of counting - lay out toys in front of him and say: “Here is one dog. But the dog and the cat” and so on. Give the baby a toy in each pen so that he subconsciously associates their number with the number of hands. In a word, prepare him for future learning.

Count everything you see

From the age of three you can start full-fledged education. And start with the simplest, with the fingers, because there are just ten of them.

From this age, try to talk to your child about numbers as much as possible. These can be the simplest phrases: “We live on the third floor”, “We need bus number 15, and we get off at the fourth stop”, and so on.

Ask the child to count all the objects that he sees, as well as steps, stairs and any actions he takes. At this stage of learning, it is already quite possible to work with pictures, so you can make special cards that show a different number of objects known to the baby: one apple, two plums, three berries.

All kinds of counting verses are very useful at this stage - they are easy to remember, and counting is learned along with them.

In general, when starting to teach your child to count, remember two important things.

1. Until about 5 years old, a child cannot operate with abstract concepts, so the account must necessarily be tied to specific objects - real or drawn. For the same reason, do not immediately try to show the child how to write numbers, at least until he begins to confidently count to 10 and solve simple addition and subtraction problems.

2. Never scold your baby for mistakes, but don't begrudge praise. Studying should evoke only positive emotions in him, and the approval of his parents gives him an incentive to study better.

Some effective ways to teach your child to count

Finger counting

The easiest way to teach your child to count to ten. Assign a name to each finger that will correspond to its serial number. At first, one pen is enough. When the baby learns to name each finger, try to do the same with him, only in reverse order, and then at random. When everything works out, connect the other hand. And at the very end, try to master the concept of zero. This is easy to do: ask the child to squeeze the fist so that not a single finger is bent, or hide the hand behind the back. Fingers are not visible, they are not in front of the eyes, and their absence means zero, or nothing.

More-less

A useful exercise that will later help the child solve examples and determine the number by eye. Divide any items into two unequal groups and ask him to determine where there are fewer and where there are more.

Read also

How to teach a child to read

Parents of toddlers often ask themselves: “How to teach a child to read at home?” After all, school is just around the corner, and many children come already prepared - they can read and count

Read more

Counting objects

Count with your child all the objects that come into view. It is especially convenient to do this with apples or sweets (which can then be successfully consumed for its intended purpose). They are also useful for simple calculations. For example, ask your child the following tasks: “I have three candies in my hand. I give you two. How many candies do I have left? The main thing is that the child sees the counted objects and clearly understands their number.

Equal to all

This simple and effective method is offered by the famous teacher Maria Montessori. True, it is suitable for those children who are already familiar with counting to ten. When there are several people in the room (or, for example, you and your dog will be there), ask the child to bring enough sweets from the kitchen so that there is enough for everyone. Thus, you will invite him to count all those present, and then sweets.

By the way, this exercise develops in the child not only counting skills, but also the ability to share and give.

Popular Questions and Answers


At what age can children start learning to count?

Natalya Melnichuk, head, teacher-psychologist of developmental programs at the Zvyozdochka children's center (Simferopol):

— We teach children counting from the age of two. We study the score by playing various games with the help of counting material. Anything can act as a counting material: capsules from kinder surprises, various wooden or plastic figures, balls. Mobile musical games work very well, aimed at collecting the right amount of items.

How should I start teaching my child to count?


Elena Balakina, early development psychologist, employee of the children's center "Dandelion" (Simferopol):

— In order to teach a child to count, one must first learn ordinal counting. To do this, we count everything in a row: flowers, sweets, mushrooms, pencils. Then we introduce the concepts of "add" and "subtract". All actions are carried out with illustrative examples.

How to teach a child to count quickly?


Natalya Melnichuk:

— We are talking about counting from 1 to 10, so we are talking about younger preschoolers. Here we are talking about the speed of counting is inappropriate. Here, rather, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the child does not memorize the score as a verse. And play quantitative-visual games. And so that the numbers were scattered, and not in order. By the age of four, you can also give a countdown.

In order for children to count quickly, you need to constantly train. The more training, the faster the score will be. Exercise, exercise and more exercise! Practice every day, count everything you see, play counting games with your child. The main thing is more. But here you need to understand that all children are different and you cannot demand the same results from them: some learn quickly, others slower. Yes, and the exercises should also be different, because someone perceives information by ear, someone just remembers the numbers, and someone needs objects to count. Therefore, to begin with, determine the way your child thinks and only after that select exercises for him that will eventually teach him to count quickly.

Irina Musinova, director of the Abakus Krym mental arithmetic center (Simferopol):

— To increase your counting speed, you need to use simple simulators that you can make yourself. Write on a piece of paper simple arithmetic examples that the child already knows how to solve, but give the child a time frame: you must solve so many examples in such and such time (it should be small, but real). Thus, you set the pace for him to count. When it is not possible to solve all the examples at once, I console my students with these words: “Don't worry, it's just that these examples were not ready to be solved. They went on vacation at sea, and when they return, you will immediately solve them. Children laugh and are no longer upset because something did not work out for them.

Elena Balakina:

— Parents should understand that systematic homework will help develop their kids' mathematical abilities. You don't need a lesson for this. It is simply necessary, in everyday life, to set simple tasks: “Count how many saucers are on the table”, “How many sweets do you have? And if you eat two candies, how many will remain? Over time, tasks should become more difficult, and oral counting skills should improve.

How to teach a child to count mentally?


Natalya Melnichuk:

— If we are talking about very young children, then it is impossible to demand mental arithmetic from them, they simply will not be able to understand it, because they are able to think only in categories of specific objects. But starting from the age of 4, the child should already know both the numbers themselves and the concept of quantity.

Our children and I are learning to count from 1 to 10 on our fingers - this is the easiest way for them. And gradually, instead of actually bending the fingers, we move on to visualization, that is, they imagine how the fingers are bent. And so they learn to count in the mind. But, as I said, it is easier for someone, more difficult for someone. There are children who easily memorize not only numbers, but also immediately learn the concepts of the composition of a number, that is, 5 for them is also 1 + 4, 2 + 3, and so on. Some people need more time to learn how to count in their minds - everything is very individual.

Irina Musinova:

— Children most often perceive mathematics in the form of images. We have kids who I teach to count in the usual way, but more often than not, children begin to count better when they see objects: beads, figurines, pencils, sticks - whatever. Children have developed imaginative thinking. Recall how your child plays with toys the situations he saw in cartoons. That is, he remembers, and then reproduces.

This method helps: count on some objects, and the next day ask him to imagine them and remember what mathematical operations were performed with them. It is better that the things that you use when counting with your baby are bright, so it will be easier for him to remember them.

Children love to write on the blackboard and remember what was written on it very well. Therefore, when I subsequently begin to write on the board those examples that we have already gone through, the students immediately recall them.

Elena Balakina:

— By the age of 5-6, we begin to prepare the child for mental counting. This is a difficult task, so the preparation is slow and gradual. After operating with visual aids, we replace them with cards, then ask the children to solve an example without cards, but you can say everything out loud.


Learn more


Wave

North Coast Community Services
710 Fraser Street, Prince Rupert, BC V8J 1P9
Ph: 250.627.7166 | Fx: 250.627.7482

© All Rights Reserved | powered by ExpressionEngine