Kids practice letters

This article will be useful to parents whose children are faced with such a problem as skipping letters when writing. It is also worth reading to parents whose children are just about to start school. We will analyze the possible reasons why a child skips letters when writing, and for each reason we will select games and exercises that will help correct the situation.

Missing letters when writing - children in primary school often face this problem. To solve the problem, parents are offered to train their children more in writing so that the child stops making mistakes. In fact, most often the opposite effect occurs: the child is so exhausted by his own mistakes that Russian language classes become torture, and the kid simply loses motivation and does not want to study anymore. Therefore, before exhausting ourselves and the child, let's look at the most common reasons for skipping letters.

Why does a child skip letters in words?

There are 3 main reasons for missing letters:
1. Speech therapy and hearing - this factor includes speech therapy errors: the child hears and / or pronounces a different sound.
2. Attention - the child, first of all, pays attention to what he has already written. We see what is written - the brain processes information - the hand writes further. For the same reason, the child can not only skip letters, but also write unnecessary, "extra" letters that are in previously written words that fell into his field of vision.
3. Self-control - control of what we plan to write: we think - we write - we look.
Problems with the speech therapy factor, as a rule, are obvious to parents: the child distorts words, rearranges letters, or makes the wrong sounds in the word that he should. Therefore, let's take a closer look at two factors: attention and self-control. In order to understand what exactly the reason is, conduct a test with the child.

Quiz: Ask your child to write 3 times 5-6 (different) words or 3 different sentences of 5-6 words. Then blindfold the child and ask him to write the same thing, under your dictation (not from memory). Do not pay attention to mistakes due to ignorance of the rules or incorrect handwriting (for example, connecting letters), focus on skipping letters in words.
Outcome: A problem in self-control if the child made more mistakes in the version that he wrote with his eyes closed.
If there are the same number of such errors in both options, then the reason is most likely in attention.

What to do if a child skips letters?

Once you have determined the cause of the missing letters, you can start working on a fix.
Speech therapy errors are corrected thanks to games and exercises for the development of phonemic hearing.
Games for the development of phonemic hearing for children 6-9 years old:
1. This includes games like listening ears, who said Meow, who is standing at the traffic light, and so on. These games are united by one principle: you turn on recordings of various sounds, and the child guesses what it is.
2. Where does it ring? The game is reminiscent of bugs. The child stands in the middle of the room blindfolded, and the adult silently moves around the room and rings a bell. The task of the child: correctly point with his hand in the direction from which the ringing is heard.
3. Listen and say the right word. The essence of the game is that the player pronounces the word starting with the last letter of the previous word: words A - AromaT - Grass - ABC - WaterbuZ and so on.

Problems with attention are solved by copying the text from the sample. In order to diversify the classes and bring an element of the game into them, we offer 3 exercises for the development of attention :

1. Assemble the puzzle - hide the text in the table and number each of its passages. The task of the child is to correctly connect the text (from 1 to the last number) and pronounce (or write down) the encrypted message. An example is in the picture below.

2. The game "Sherlock" - do you remember how in one of the works about Sherlock Holmes, there were encrypted messages - dancing men? This game is also something like a cipher, but with keys. Therefore, the task of the child is simply to substitute the letters for the signs, and understand what exactly the adults encrypted. Take a look at the picture and everything will fall into place.

3. "Find the letter" game. You will need text for elementary school. The task of the child is to read only those words that begin with the desired letter. For example, you think of the letter "z" - the child reads the words only on it, the rest skips.

Self-control - the main factor in self-control is its duration. Therefore, we train not only the skill itself, but also the time during which the child can hold it.

1. Count letters and syllables. At first glance, the exercise may seem difficult, but it is effective, and over time the child will be easier.
The bottom line: an adult calls the word, and the child counts how many letters are in each syllable and calls them in turn as an account: ar-buz - 2: 3, oh-ho-rod - 1: 2: 3, ma-shin-ka - 2 :3:2 etc.
2. Written - Printed. The essence of the game: An adult announces a letter, for example - A. The task of the child is to write the given words, but he writes each letter A in print.
3. Game "Write the word." The essence of the game: the child writes letters in words either only consonants or only vowels. For example, SHIRT: SRCCHK or OOA.

Thanks to these games and exercises, you can, if not solve the problem of missing letters, then significantly reduce it. At the same time, remember the regularity of classes and the importance of a positive attitude and praise - celebrate even the smallest successes of the child, and if there are no expected successes yet - praise for the effort!

On the Razumeikin website, you can find developmental exercises for the comprehensive development of the child and his successful learning, which can be performed online.

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Online classes on the Razumeikin website:

• develop attention, memory, thinking, speech - namely, this is the basis for successful schooling;

• help to learn letters and numbers, learn to read, count, solve examples and problems, get acquainted with the basics of the world around;

• provide quality preparation of the child for school;

• allow primary school students to master and consolidate the most important and complex topics of the school curriculum;

• broaden the horizons of children and in an accessible form introduce them to the basics of various sciences (biology, geography, physics, chemistry).

See also

How to teach a child to remember? The child has bad handwriting: what to do? We improve literacy: we remember the rules and vocabulary words while playing How to teach a child to write correctly

The letters are messed up: dysgraphia in a child and how to fix it - Parents.ru

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speech pathologist of the highest category

The first thing parents usually ask when dysgraphia is discovered in schoolchildren is: “Is my child underdeveloped?” I don't think it's underdeveloped. It's just that some of his brain functions have not matured. Usually smart, nice children come to the reception. But they write with some strange, incredible mistakes, and they write either sweepingly or very smallly, while the words crawl into the margins, slide off the line. Their notebooks are red with teacher corrections. The rules are taught, but to no avail. Often do not like written types of work. Senior students try to write in short sentences, younger students learn writing for a very long time.

This is the main signs of dysgraphia — a partial disorder of writing or difficulties in mastering writing skills (if we are talking about a younger student), the main symptom of which is the presence of persistent specific errors. The occurrence of such errors in students of a general education school is not associated with a decrease in intellectual development, or with severe hearing and vision impairments, or with the irregularity of schooling.

Dysgraphia risk group

It is incorrect to talk about dysgraphia among preschoolers, because written language is mastered only at the age of 7-8. At the age of 6, one can only assume that the child is at risk and take up prevention. At risk are:

• children with general underdevelopment of speech;

• children who had a delay in speech development at the age of 2–3;

• children who have problems with memory and attention;

• if the child is left-handed or retrained left-handed;

• if the child had a head injury;

• if the sound pronunciation has not been corrected by the age of seven;

• if the child goes to school too early, at the age of 6, and the family is intensively trying to spur the child's intellectual development, ignoring the natural pace of physiological and psychological development. Or, on the contrary, if the child grew up in a socially disadvantaged environment, where the opportunity to develop naturally was limited;

• frequently ill (especially in early childhood), weak, sickly child;

• a child in whose family cases of dysgraphia have already been observed.

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Why and why dysgraphia occurs

There are many reasons for dysgraphia. It just seems that writing is very simple - heard and wrote down, saw - and wrote off. Move a pen on paper, memorize the rules and apply. But reading and writing are artificial and relatively recent acquisitions of civilization. There are peoples who still manage without them, and there are people who have a wonderful mind, but are helpless before pen and paper.

Normally, before mastering writing, a person needs to master language analysis and synthesis, be able to differentiate sounds by ear, and pronounce them correctly. Formation of the lexico-grammatical side of speech, spatial representations, developed visual analysis and synthesis are obligatory. When one of the functions is "lame" or not formed, then there are violations of written speech.

Types of dysgraphia

There are several classifications of dysgraphia. But most often it is divided into 5 types:

1. Articulatory-acoustic form of dysgraphia

The child writes as he hears. No wonder it is recommended to school to correct all the shortcomings of sound pronunciation. If this is not done, there may be problems with the letter. For example, a child replaces "r" with "l" in oral speech. And he writes instead of "mouth" - "lot", instead of "gunpowder" - "fly". Or, if the sound is completely absent in speech, this sound may even be skipped. For example, write "koshun" instead of "kite".

2. Acoustic form of dysgraphia

The child can pronounce all sounds clearly, but at the same time replace letters denoting phonetically similar sounds. In a letter, pairs of letters “d-t”, “b-p”, “zh-sh”, “v-f”, “g-k” or “s-sh”, “z-zh”, “ h-sch", "h-t", "ts-t", "ts-s".

3. Dysgraphia due to impaired language analysis and synthesis

Most often occurs in children suffering from writing disorders. With this form of dysgraphia, children skip letters and syllables, rearrange them, do not add words, write prepositions together or separately - prefixes. Sometimes you can find such a violation as contamination: parts or syllables of different words merge into one word. For example, "crabs" are crab sticks.

4. Agrammatic dysgraphia

As the name implies, it is associated with underdevelopment of the grammatical structure of speech. There are no grammar rules for such a child. Consistency of nouns and adjectives, nouns and verbs suffer ("Squirrel jumped", "warm blanket").

5. Optical dysgraphia

The elements that form the letters are not numerous: basically, these are sticks, circles, hooks… But they are combined in different ways in space, forming different letters. It is difficult for a child who has insufficiently formed visual-spatial representations, visual analysis and synthesis to catch the differences between letters. Either he will add an extra stick to “T”, then he will not add a hook to “Sh”. If the child does not catch the subtle differences between the letters, this will certainly lead to difficulties in mastering the outline of the letters and to an incorrect representation of them in writing.

Often a child has a mixed form of dysgraphia. In this case, when analyzing the written work of the child, we will find signs of two or three types of dysgraphia (or even all five). How to fix dysgraphia in a child?

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At the speech therapist's appointment

If the school hints that it would be a good idea to visit a speech therapist, don't delay the visit. You should also visit a speech therapist if you notice the listed violations in a student. It is hardly possible to fix them on your own. Correction of dysgraphia is a complicated matter, it should be done by a professional.

When you see a speech therapist, be sure to bring a student's Russian language notebooks, a couple of math notebooks, ideally even his drawings. The speech therapist will be interested in literally everything: how the birth and motor development of the child proceeded, how his speech developed, whether family members had speech problems. The speech therapist will ask the child to read the text, retell it and write a short dictation.

Most likely, you will also need to consult an experienced neuropsychologist. Classes with this specialist will help develop interhemispheric connections, which are not sufficiently formed in young dysgraphics.

Correction depends on the identified violations. You will have to attend classes for at least a year, or even several years. It all depends on the child, on the severity of his problems. In my opinion, in simple cases, you need to practice for about two years. And then you will need control and supportive courses with a neuropsychologist, speech therapist or an experienced teacher.

The most important thing is the weather in the house

I have come across such a point of view that dysgraphia is rather a different way of thinking. Sometimes it is possible to achieve excellent results, but most often some features of writing are preserved, although they appear in an adult only against the background of fatigue, illness, and some distractions.

Need to work on this problem. Putting pressure on a child, considering him a loser because of a difficult relationship with dictations is not worth it: this will not help matters. Many great people wrote with wild mistakes and became scientists, actors, millionaires, public figures, even writers, although usually dysgraphics avoid writing activities. If you can not cope with the monster, you can try to tame it.

Helps, as already mentioned, complex work with a neuropsychologist, speech therapist, neurologist, teacher. And first of all, a friendly and warm atmosphere at home.

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Games to help a child with dysgraphia

There are some things that can boost the brain a little. It is useful from an early age to love games that develop a sense of rhythm, auditory and visual attention, and short-term memory. It’s good if a child likes to find paths in mazes, differences in similar pictures, draw missing details, play word games such as “Chain of words”, “Name five words”, “Scrabble”, “Gallows”, compose and solve charades and anagrams, crosswords, invent texts for a certain letter. Moreover, such games are now sold in the form of convenient and ready-made cards.

"Gallows"

Two players play, taking turns leading. The host thinks of a word that is necessarily known to the second player, and draws empty cells on the sheet according to the number of letters in the hidden word. When the scheme is ready, the player calls the letter. If it is in the intended word, it is written in the corresponding empty cell. If it is not in the word, the host writes this letter on the same sheet of paper to the side and begins to draw the gallows. When the gallows is ready, he begins to draw a little man. Each loss draws one detail of the picture - a leg from a stool, a part of the body. They play until the word is guessed or the drawing of the little man on the gallows is completed. The winner is the one who guessed the word before the gallows drawing was completed.

You can replace the gallows with something else. For example, draw a sad face for a loss, and a cheerful face for a well-chosen letter. Or for each loss, draw one detail from the pirate, and for successful answers - a crown. Who guessed the word, that prince or princess.

Scrabble

Russian version of the English game Scrabble. Sold in children's stores, in departments dedicated to board games. Several players. Before the start of the game, everyone randomly takes seven chips with different letters. The task is to make a word out of your letters. The game activates vocabulary, develops observation skills, allows younger players to learn new words.

"Chain of words"

Players take turns calling words. The word should begin with the sound that ended the previous word: Car - Bus - Sledge - Needle - Automatic - Tiger - Chamomile ... You can limit the words to one topic - call only animals, only plants and so on.

“Name five…”

Expands vocabulary and trains memory, at the same time trains thinking. You can play on the way from school, in line, in transport, at a bus stop, soaping your hands, riding in an elevator, doing anything when your head is free. It's better to play together. Someone suggests: “Name five ... colors!”, “Five names of girls, animals, modes of transport, minerals”, etc. Tasks can be complicated: “Name five foreign names of girls”, “Name five wild animals of Africa”, "Five garden flowers". It is necessary to offer a task, taking into account the age and capabilities of the child.

It is very useful to change places with the child. In all games, offer the child the role of leader, encourage him to give tasks to an adult. This adds confidence, because it is not always possible for a mother to list, for example, all the heroes of her favorite cartoon or the names of cars. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. We must teach the child that making mistakes is not scary. And you can teach by example.

If you always keep a pen and notepad ready, then in the car, in line at the clinic, at the bus stop, on a walk, in the country, if it's raining and you can't take a walk, you can also play various useful games. For example, write a long word and make other words out of it: "Electric train - shooting gallery, three, whale, varnish, and so on." The winner is the one who comes up with the most words using only the letters of the given word.

You can try turning one word into another. A word is written, the task of the players, replacing one letter at a time, is to turn it into another word. The winner is the one after whom it will no longer be possible to change the word. You can complicate the task by writing the first and last words, inviting the child to independently restore the chain of transformations. For example, a fly ... boxing: fly-flour-beech-boca-box.

Play old times. Get an ink or fountain pen and use it to write notes to Santa Claus, speech therapy exercises, descriptions of buried treasures ... It is impossible to write incorrectly with such a pen, it also has a positive effect on handwriting. In general, it is useful to come up with some kind of long-term game related to writing. Usually dysgraphics don't like to write. But it happens that the topic is so captivating that they start writing science fiction novels about zombie astronauts, compiling a catalog of favorite cars, a list of dishes for the princess's wedding, etc. The main thing is to catch the moment, to help, but not to correct, and if corrected, then delicately. My mothers told me how their little ones, who are usually not seated for lessons, spent hours rewriting the compound name of their favorite dinosaur or coloring the name of a beloved musical group with patterns. What was pleasantly surprising, the errors disappeared.

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Exercises for dysgraphics

"Proofreading"

Offer your child boring text in large print. Every day for 5 minutes a day, it is necessary to cross out certain letters in it. For example, first "y", after a few days - "a". Then we take on the consonants, it is best to start with those that the child confuses. For example, for five days the student crosses out "B", then "D". Then the task becomes more complicated: it is necessary to simultaneously look for two letters in the text at once. Cross out one, for example, circle the other. Most often, children confuse such pairs of "M / L", "P / T", "D / G", "U / Yu", "D / B".

“Missing letters”

You can buy ready-made exercise books with missing letters. The child will only have to insert the desired letter. It is better to work out the words in advance and choose very short exercises first. Say the "dangerous" places out loud, show the correct option, write it off. Then hide and ask: “What letter will you write here?” And only after that, fill in the gaps in the words from the exercise, and you need to do this with a pencil, because then the mistake is easy to erase and write the correct version.

“Strikethroughs” or “fences”

Read a short text to a child. Then the child must write it from dictation, then pick up a pencil and independently check what was written, referring to the sample. You should check like this. For example, in the sample it is written: "Autumn has come." The child reads "H", looks at himself and crosses out "H" in his notebook with a pencil. Then he again looks at the sample and says aloud: “A”, crosses out the letter “A” in the word “come”. And so the whole text. By the end of the check, the text becomes like a palisade. It is recommended to do no more than five minutes a day! The lesson, to be sure, is tedious, but after a couple of weeks the errors become noticeably smaller.

“Portrait of a “favorite letter”

If a student stubbornly confuses letters or their elements, you can suggest making a portrait of a “favorite” letter: draw it in the form of a fairy-tale creature, a building, mold it from plasticine, bake it in the oven (and eat it later), lay out from beads, cereals on plasticine, embroider, cut out from velvet or shiny paper, if only it turns out bright and unusual.

Helpful Hints

Dysgraphia is easier to overcome if the first time you write with a pencil or a special pen that can be erased. I made a mistake, erased, wrote the correct version. The child gains self-confidence, he fixes his attention on mistakes less, as a result he really begins to write better. It is also better not to correct the child's mistakes, but to invite him to find the places where he made a mistake. A handy pen for dysgraphics will be a pen with pimples for fingers and a triangular body. Triangular nibs for pens and pencils are often also on sale. In addition, it is easier for a child to write with a gel pen.

Even if a child can read to himself, let him read aloud. Only 15-20 minutes, but fun, not boring. All home exercises are also recommended to be spoken aloud. First, read aloud, and then, when copying, again pronounce everything.

Try to split tasks. It is better to do small portions of written exercises for 10 minutes than many hours of rewriting spoiled texts.

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