Sight word practice

The role of the slot in the diopter sight is performed by a small round hole (diopter). When aiming, the shooter needs to look through it and see only two objects - the front sight and the target.

To aim with a diopter sight, the shooter, looking through the diopter hole with his right eye, brings the top of the rectangular front sight under the lower edge of the target "apple" or places the "apple" of the target in the center of the front sight ring.

Thus, in order to ensure accurate and uniform aiming with a diopter sight, the shooter must basically mobilize all his attention to correctly and uniformly position the top of the front sight relative to the aiming point, while carefully maintaining the same clearance.

Likewise, there are no secrets.

If we turn to foreign sources, for example, an analogue of our NSD - Field manual, we will find that it says about the same principles of a “smooth front sight”. nine0037

Figure 4-15. Correct sight alignment

RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP M16A1, M16A2/3, M16A4, AND M4 CARBINE (Change 4). Washington: US Army, 2006.

RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP M16-/M4-SERIES WEAPONS (Change 1). Washington, DC: HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, 2011.

The referenced Field Manual FM3.22-9, although without much detail, mentions that the centering of the front sight in the rear sight hole ring, the eye is able to perform independently. nine0003

But in reality, many people have doubts, bordering on distrust, regarding the possibility of automatically centering the front sight in the diopter ring. The fact is that here we are hindered by stereotypes formed by the experience of working with "open mechanics". If you are shooting for the first time using a diopter sight, then instinctively you want to center the geometric center of the visible part of the front sight. We have already seen that this is not true, although, as discussed in the first article, a small shift will not lead to catastrophic consequences. nine0003

It must be remembered that the top of the front sight is located in the center of the rear sight hole, and not its geometric center. With the development of the skill, this error disappears rather quickly, and the eye puts the top of the front sight in the center of the rear sight ring. Let's look at this through the prism of the real conditions for the use of weapons.

If you need to make an accurate shot, for example, at a distant small target, you can always take a fraction of a second to control the position of the top of the front sight in the diopter hole, while preparing a quality preparation for an accurate shot. And if you need to make a quick shot, your focus will be on the target, which you will automatically place in the center of the diopter, and small possible deviations of the front sight (which, by the way, is more clearly visible due to the effect of increasing the depth of field) from the center of the rear sight ring will not give a significant absolute deviation of the bullet from the aiming point, tk. if you needed to make a quick shot, then most likely the target is close and large-sized. nine0003

I would like to draw your attention to one more nuance from our NSD, namely, to the part where it is written “you need to close your left eye”! As is often the case in manuals, there is no description and explanation of why it is necessary to squint your eyes, since such documents are made according to the “read-do” principle and are aimed (or contribute) to simplifying the procedures for further copying to students. It can be assumed that in this way an attempt is made to increase control over the sighting image and the "smooth front sight" by cutting off half of the visual field or, which may be even more priority, an attempt to forcibly get rid of the problem of determining the "leading" eye. nine0003

And again we return to quotes from A.A. Yuryev’s “Sport Shooting” (Second Edition, Moscow, FIS, 1962):

shooters. Another disadvantage is that closing one eye is almost always accompanied by more or less tension in the muscles of the eyelids and pressure of the eyelid of the aiming eye on the eyeball; the latter affects the light-refracting apparatus and thereby negatively affects visual acuity. The third point that adversely affects the accuracy of shooting is the involuntary expansion of the pupil of the open eye in response to covering or closing the other. Based on this, it is best to turn off the second eye from the work not by physical means - by closing, but by psychological suppression of the visual impressions of the open, not aiming, left eye. nine0037
It follows from the text that closing one's eyes has many negative aspects.

To consciously suppress the perception of the picture by the “guided” eye, the following training method can be used: at the initial stage of mastering the aiming technique, the shooter closes his left eye, then learns to aim with both eyes, first slightly squinting his left eye to produce an accurate shot, then gradually opening his eye more and more , proceeds to shoot with both eyes open. In case of lack of time for full-fledged training, it is possible to use a simple algorithm in training the shooter: close your eye - level the front sight. nine0003

The described training methodology allows achieving a high quality of aiming in classical bullet shooting and, for example, in applied military exercises AK-3 and AK-4, and if other skills necessary for firing a shot are available at a high level, a high level of shooting accuracy.

And now let's move a little away from the mentioned conditions, when:

1. the target is static;
2. target contrast;
3. target is well lit.
nine0216

And consider, for example, the conditions for performing exercises according to the rules of the international confederation of practical shooting from a carbine in the open air.

A beige cardboard target against a sand bank or a white target against a snowy shooting range will have low contrast and may be poorly lit, such as side or contrast light. Under such conditions, keeping a "smooth front sight" and combining its top with a faintly distinguishable target will become a non-trivial task. And in the case of using “focus on the front sight”, it will lead to the need for constant refocusing of the eye (accommodation) from the front sight to the target and back to clarify the correct aiming. nine0003

Or another situation: the bullet shooter knows for sure that it makes no sense to look at the target after the shot - black holes in the black "apple" of the target at 50/100/300 meters still cannot be seen. The practical shooter also knows not to look at cardboard targets. But, after shooting at a metal falling target - “popper”, even if the shooter is mentally able to make a good “mark” of the shot and the sound of a bullet hitting was heard, it is necessary to look at the target and make sure that the target has fallen. Otherwise, it will be considered unaffected. And here a diopter sight is more convenient than an open one - refocusing, if it is needed at all, is much easier and faster. nine0003




In these cases, the use of diopter sights makes it possible to significantly simplify these tasks: there is no need to level the front sight in the rear sight, as already mentioned in the quote from Sports Shooting - the eye performs this function involuntarily; increasing the depth of field makes aiming easier, there is no need for additional accommodation of the eye. In a diopter sight, when focusing on the front sight, the “blurring” of the target is much less than when looking through an open sight. nine0003

If we are guided by the contents of the manuals on shooting (NSD), then for the successful completion of tasks in battle, at a minimum, it is necessary:

4. skillfully fire at various targets in various combat conditions, both day and night, achieving the destruction of the target in the shortest possible time;
5. observe the results of the fire and skillfully correct it. nine0211 "Continuously observe the battlefield"

   If you close one eye while shooting, at least 30% of the field of view is cut off. Is it right to close your eyes in this case? The question is rhetorical.

   "Skillfully shoot at all kinds of targets"

   A properly trained shooter should be able to do this regardless of the type of sight on his weapon. Do not forget also about the ability to determine the distance to the target, as well as the removal of the aiming point in accordance with the excess of the trajectory, if necessary. nine0003

   “Observe the results of the fire and skillfully correct it”

   It is worth noting here that the manuals list specific methods of observation and evaluation: bursts of hits, bullet tracks and changes in the behavior of the enemy. front sight, the top of a clearly visible front sight on the target blur. If the paths of tracer bullets are more or less visible at the same time, then observing the bursts will require a shift in the gaze to the target and the space surrounding it. And how long will it take to transfer focus from the front sight to the target, for example, at 200 meters, and back? A second and a half? Plus or minus. nine0003

   So it turns out - either the correct aiming picture, or a timely and, with a greater degree of probability, an effective shot.

   Let's imagine a more realistic situation. The enemy in camouflage disguises himself in thickets and moves at the same time. How can you generally fire at such a target, focusing on the front sight, while observing the results of the shooting and adjusting it if necessary, if the target is already barely distinguishable and changes its position?
   

   nine0037

   The answer is simple - when using an open sight, aiming in accordance with the canonical rules from the textbook is often impossible. They shoot, sacrificing accuracy - focusing on the target with blurry front and rear sights. And with the advantages of a diopter sight, expressed in an increase in the depth of field and the absence of the need for perfect focusing on the front sight, aimed fire at a complex target merging with the background is real: tracks are visible (when using tracer bullets), bursts of hits are visible and enemy behavior is visible - remains on place, took cover or fell stricken. nine0003

   Do not forget also that when looking through an open sight, the shooter, maintaining a "smooth front sight", does not see the space below the level of its top. When looking through the rear sight, there is an observable field below the top of the front sight.

   Why do dissatisfaction and denial arise among those who, having extensive experience in shooting with an open mechanical sight, tried to shoot with a diopter sight?

   As a rule, everything lies in the wrong use. Shooters complain about the narrow field of view in the sight, about the rear sight itself, which blocks part of the view, that the front sight is “impossible” to center in the diopter ring. nine0003

   But, if you follow simple rules, which, unfortunately, are little known, then everything becomes much simpler and clearer.
   

   
   First, position the eye at a distance of 4-8 cm. At this distance from the eye from the diopter hole, a balance is maintained between the angle of the field of view through the diopter hole and the ease of intuitively positioning the top of the front sight in the center of the hole. In this case, the rear sight ring blurs into a ghostly shadow and becomes almost invisible. A shooter who does not close his eyes when shooting cannot lose part of his field of vision at all, because the brain will supplement the entire missing picture from the right pupil with information from the left. The required distance from the diopter to the eye can be maintained either by correcting the manufacture, or by changing the length of the adjustable stock. By the way, it is not possible to install a diopter sight on any type of small arms, precisely because of the requirements for the distance to the eye. nine0003

   Secondly, if you have just started to master shooting using a diopter aiming device, you need to focus on the location of the upper cut of the front sight in the center of the diopter. In the future, to make any significant effort to center the top of the front sight in the rear sight ring, as already mentioned not only by me, but also quoted from, I’m not afraid of this word, the greatest work on teaching the technique of producing a well-aimed shot, there is practically no need - eye will do so involuntarily. The same thing was mentioned in the first article, when the ability of a diopter sight to reduce parallax was briefly described. You can read more about this effect in a recently published translation of a practical study on this topic. nine0003

   Thirdly, the canonical rule "focus on the front sight." But, depending on the conditions, due to the increase in the depth of field of the depicted space, in order to achieve the goals of making a shot, it is possible to shift the focus of vision to the target without losing the quality of aiming.

   And again, briefly about the rules of shooting using a diopter sight (after determining the range to the target, setting the sight and / or taking out the aiming point and forming the correct position, which will ensure the necessary removal of the eye from the sight): nine0003

   • front sight focus;
   • top of the front sight in the center of the diopter;
   • the top of the front sight on the aiming point.

   SUMMARY

   ANY mechanical aiming device allows you to make an accurate shot, provided that the shooter is able to distinguish the target, it's just a matter of skill. But it is undeniable that different types of scopes have their own unique advantages and disadvantages.

   The prevalence of the advantages of one type of sight over another in specific conditions of use and determine our choice of sighting device. And it is precisely for the correct understanding and high-quality use of sighting devices that appropriate competencies are needed. If you do not know how to use a microscope, then it turns out that a magnifying glass works better. nine0003 90,000 dentistry - Doctor Volkov

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