Story about space for kids

.

Gloomy military star.

(S. Zolottsev)

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Science fiction writers believed that intelligent beings live on Mars - Martians.

At the end of the 19th century, the Italian astronomer Schiaparelli discovered long straight lines on Mars,
which he called channels. The American astronomer Percival Lovell suggested that the Martians suffered from a drought that repeats every year, and therefore dug channels from the poles to the equator. It wasn't until decades later, when powerful telescopes were built, that scientists discovered that the canals were actually just chains of craters or high mountains, which at a great distance appear to be straight lines.

With the beginning of the era of space flight, Mars began to be explored by automatic probes. In 1962, the Soviet station "Mars-1" passed at a distance of 197 thousand kilometers from the planet. In July 1965, the American spacecraft Mariner 4 flew near Mars. He transmitted the first photographs of the surface of Mars.

In 1976, two Viking landers landed on Mars and discovered a lifeless, cold world there.

… Craters blackened menacingly

And placers of stones,

But there were wild rocks

Darker and more formidable!

They, like peaks, crashed

into the cloudless expanse.

No shrubs, no grass,

No rivers, no lakes.

(S. Baranov)

Mars has the largest mountains in the solar system. The extinct volcano Olympus has a height of 27 kilometers. It is three times higher than Everest!

Geologists believe that there used to be a lot of water on Mars. Pictures taken by spacecraft show long, branching valleys that look like dry riverbeds. Their length is tens and hundreds of kilometers. Today, scientists believe that there is no intelligent life on Mars, although it is possible that simple organisms could (or can still exist) here. Studies of space probes have not yet confirmed, but they have not refuted this fact either.

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ORBITAL STATION

This is what the International Space Station (ISS) looks like in Earth's orbit. Constantly, changing every 2-3 months, international crews of astronauts work on it.
The twentieth century, taking off to the galaxies,

Brings us all a solemn message:

There is an astronaut - such a profession,

There is already such a position in the world.

(B. Bozhilov)

The first long-term station operating in orbit was our Salyut. She was launched into space in 1971. The station was divided into several compartments: working, sleeping, instrumental. The Salyut had everything the cosmonauts needed for a long flight, even an exercise bike and a treadmill.

The first station worked for three years. Following it, other, more modern stations went into earth orbit.

From 1986 to 2001, the Mir station flew in Earth orbit. It was a whole scientific complex. Mir had its own metallurgical shop, an astronomical observatory and even a greenhouse. Mir became the first station to which both Soviet Soyuz vehicles and American reusable spacecraft arrived. Over the 15-year period of the station's existence, more than 100 people of various nationalities visited it. At the station "Mir" the flight duration record was broken. Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov spent 14 months aboard the station from January 1994th to March 1995.

In 1998, the first two modules (the Russian Zarya and the American Unity) of the International Space Station were launched into orbit. And in 2000, the first crew of two Russian and one American cosmonaut arrived on the ISS. Solar panels were deployed to provide the station with electricity. In the near future, all modules will be completed to the station, and its length will exceed 100 meters.

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PLANET EARTH

There is one garden planet

This space is cold.

Only here the forests are noisy,

Birds Sklucking the flights,

Only it bloom on it

Landyshi in the Green grass,
and dragonfly only

to the RED SAME SAME …

Take care of your planet —

There is no other like it!

(J. Akim)
The planets that make up the Solar System revolve around the Sun. The most beautiful and most interesting of the planets is our Earth. This is what the Earth looks like from space - it is not for nothing that it is called the "blue planet".

Earth is the only planet in the solar system where life exists. Earth formed at the same time as the other planets in the solar system about 4.5 billion years ago. Life on Earth is possible because our planet has a dense atmosphere in which oxygen is present. The atmosphere appeared on Earth billions of years ago as a result of volcanic eruptions.

If there were no atmosphere on Earth, the temperature in different parts of the planet would fluctuate from +160 to -100 degrees. No living creature could withstand such changes.

Earth has a varied climate. The rainforests are hot and humid at the equator, and very cold at the poles.

Most of our planet (three quarters) is occupied by seas and oceans, so it would be more correct to call it the Ocean planet. The deepest point in the world's oceans is the Mariana Trench. It is located at a depth of more than 11 kilometers. And the highest mountain is Everest in the Himalayas. She didn't quite make it to 9kilometers. In our country, the highest mountain is Elbrus in the North Caucasus. . ‘ »

At the center of the Earth is a solid metal core. Above lies a layer of molten rocks - the mantle. The surface of the Earth consists of the earth's crust, its thickness varies from 6 to 40 kilometers. The crust is made up of platforms that constantly move across the upper mantle. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions often occur at plate boundaries. At the dawn of the history of the Earth, when our planet had not yet had time to cool enough, thousands of volcanoes erupted on it, and the layers of the earth constantly moved. Now volcanic eruptions and earthquakes do not occur so often.

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SATURN

Each planet has something of its own,

What makes it stand out the most.
You will certainly recognize Saturn by sight —

It is surrounded by a large ring.

It is not continuous, it is made of different stripes.

Scientists solved the problem this way:

Once upon a time, water froze there,

And Saturn's rings of snow and ice.
(R. Aldonina)
Saturn is easy to recognize by its belt of bright wide rings. This is the second largest planet, its diameter is 120 thousand kilometers. Saturn revolves around the sun in 29 years.

Saturn has been observed since ancient times, it is the farthest planet in the solar system that can be seen with the naked eye. The first person to point a telescope at her was Galileo Galilei. His telescope was underpowered and prevented the scientist from seeing the rings clearly. Galileo managed to see only the disk of the planet, on both sides of which there were two more small disks - the planet, as it were, had large ears. Galileo decided that these were the satellites of Saturn. It wasn't until 1655 that Christian Huygens, using a more powerful telescope, determined that Saturn had rings.

Astronomers have hypothesized that Saturn's rings are fragments of its satellite,

torn apart by Saturn's gravity. The gravity of the planet does not allow the particles of the ring to reconnect into one object.

Like Jupiter, Saturn is composed almost entirely of gas. The temperature on Saturn is lower than on Jupiter, so its atmosphere does not look as bright as on the neighboring giant planet. Saturn has some of the strongest winds in the solar system. Their speed reaches almost two thousand kilometers per hour.

Saturn has many moons, and the largest is Titan. It is the second largest satellite in the solar system. It is surrounded by a dense atmosphere, which consists of nitrogen and hydrocarbons. On the surface of Titan there are oceans filled with liquid methane. Astronomers suggest that the simplest forms of life may exist on Titan. In 2005, Titan explored the Cassini space probe. A descent vehicle was dropped on the surface of Titan, which transmitted photographs of a distant planet to Earth.

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SUN

Sun-bucket, come out from behind the cloud,
Sit on a stump, take a walk all day.

The Sun is the closest star to the Earth, but it is still so far away that even light moving at a speed of 300 thousand kilometers per second takes 8 minutes to reach us from the Sun. From the Earth to the Sun - 150 million kilometers.

Without the Sun, there would be no life on Earth. Everything that happens on our planet is connected with the Sun: it is the change of day and night, the onset of winter or summer.

People began to explore the Sun over two thousand years ago. The Chinese were the first to discover strange dark spots on the surface of the star. The expression “there are spots on the sun” has become a saying denoting that nothing is perfect in the world.

It is not safe to observe the Sun through a telescope - you can go blind from the bright light. To weaken the radiance of the Sun, astronomers used special dark glass filters. Astronomers have noticed that if a sunbeam is passed through a
prism, it breaks down into the seven colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. It may seem surprising, but the white light we see consists of a combination of these colors.

Using a spectrograph instrument, scientists determined the temperature and pressure inside the Sun, as well as the chemical elements that make up its composition. The sun is made up of hot gases. Its surface is heated up to 6000 degrees. The temperature in the bowels of the Sun reaches 15 million degrees.

What are stars?

If they ask you -

Answer boldly:

Hot gas.

And add

What's more, always,

Nuclear reactor -

Every star!

(R. Aldonina)

Flares and explosions often occur on the surface of the Sun, prominence torches appear.

The Moon, revolving around our planet, sometimes finds itself exactly between the Earth and the Sun. Then there is a solar eclipse. During a total eclipse, the solar corona and large prominences become visible.

TO TELLECTION ↑

The start of the ship

If you try very much,

If you really want to,

can rise to the sky

and fly to the sun.
And seriously, not pretending

Get to know the Moon
(S. Baruzdin)
In order to study the stars and planets, as well as observe the Earth from space, people invented
space ships. They send them far from Earth for various scientific purposes.

A space rocket is a complex structure, which involved specialists from a wide range of professions. Some prepared the engines, others built the frame of the ship, others worked with scientific instruments.

A spacecraft is launched into space by a launch vehicle, which consists of two or three stages. When the fuel in the first stage runs out, it is discarded, the second stage engines start working. Then - the third. A "payload" is launched into orbit - an artificial satellite of the Earth, a ship with astronauts or an orbital station.

In 1981, the first flight was made by an American reusable space shuttle Columbia. In appearance, the shuttle resembled a large aircraft with wings and a tail. The shuttle was launched into orbit by two booster rockets. Having used up fuel, they separated at high altitude from the ship and parachuted down into the ocean. There they were caught and sent to the factory for re-refueling.

The shuttle landed like a regular plane. The landing strip for him was very long, lined with durable concrete slabs.

The designer is the main designer:

- the take -off will not be very smooth ...

will be the heart, maybe

often go on the heels ...

—Dadera is higher than the heel,

222 That will be all right!

And then for the whole flight

The heart will not go to the heels.

(A. Shlygin)

Rockets are launched into orbit from special launch sites - cosmodromes. Now there are many such structures, almost every country has its own spaceport, there are even floating spaceports.

The most famous Russian cosmodrome is Baikonur, located in the Kazakh steppes. Today, this is the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but Russian citizens still work there and maintain the spaceport.

Jupiter
in order all planets

will be called any of us:

times - Mercury,

two - Venus,

- Earth,

Four Four - Four Four Four - Four Four - Four Four Mars.

Five is Jupiter

Six is ​​Saturn

Seven is Uranus

He is the eighth in a row

And after him already, then,

And the ninth planet

Under the name of Pluto.
(A. Haight)
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. The diameter of Jupiter is 11 times
larger than that of our planet. Jupiter travels around the Sun in 12 years.

Jupiter has been known since ancient times for its great brightness. The ancient Greeks named it after their supreme god, the lord of the sky, Zeus (in Roman mythology, Jupiter).

For a long time Jupiter was considered a star. In 1610, the famous astronomer of the Middle Ages Galileo Galilei, carefully observing Jupiter through a telescope, came to the conclusion that it was not a star, but a planet. Galileo noticed that Jupiter is not quite round,

, but flattened at the poles. The scientist also discovered four large satellites of the planet, which were later called Galilean. In the 17th century, the English astronomer Cook discovered spots on the surface of the planet, and the Italian Cassini discovered the Great Red Spot in the southern hemisphere of the planet. He could not explain the nature of this mysterious formation.

Nowadays, scientists observe Jupiter through telescopes from Earth. Spaceships are sent to the largest planet. Studies have shown that the internal structure of Jupiter is very different from the Earth. The visible surface of Jupiter's disk is actually clouds of methane and ammonia. In the center of the planet is a small solid core. The spots on the surface of Jupiter are atmospheric cyclones and vortices. The Great Red Spot is the most powerful hurricane in the solar system. It has been raging for over three hundred years. During this time, he changed his color more than once, becoming either darker or lighter. The dimensions of the Great Red Spot are such that our Earth could easily fit inside it.

what is space, interesting facts

Journey through the solar system, interstellar space, the heart of the galaxy - attract the attention of children, almost from the cradle. Everything that is beyond the planet, and only astronauts are allowed to see, schoolchildren are happy to study at the lessons of the world around them. This topic is a red stripe through all the years of elementary school, through all educational and methodological kits, and is met by children with a bang. It is unforgettable, colorful, exciting, shrouded in many "why?".

Content

1. What is space
2. Solar system
3. Cosmic objects or celestial bodies
4. How people studied space
5. Interesting facts about space

What is space

of the planet, Moon, Stars, TM, DM, DM comets, white dwarfs, black holes can easily be portrayed by any child. After a little thought, he will add more "celestial bodies" from his fantasies. But to a greater extent, these objects will not correspond to reality. The imagination and fantasies of the younger generation are perhaps our future. Nevertheless, it is important to correctly and competently tell children about space.

What is space? In translation, this is something ordered, and from a scientific point of view, everything that is outside the Earth, the atmosphere.

Talking about space to children, it is worth dwelling more specifically on what is meant by the words “everything that is ..”. The growing brain is arranged in such a way that a minimum of information is not sufficient for it, then the baby begins to ask.

Space is an endless, vast space. It has no beginning and no end. They surround our planet. In this endless universe, there is not only the Earth. Other planets, stars move there, comets and other celestial bodies fly. All of them are part of the solar system.

Solar system

The solar system is a group of celestial bodies, consisting of a central star - the Sun and other natural objects of the Cosmos revolving around it. The sun, through the forces of attraction, keeps the planets and celestial bodies around it. All planets revolve not only around the Sun, but also around themselves. One revolution of the Earth around itself is equal to a day, and one revolution around the Sun is equal to a calendar year. Each planet "walks" along a certain route - an orbit. That is why, translated from the ancient Greek language, the planet means "heavenly wanderer." The composition of the solar system includes: the Sun (the largest star), eight large planets (of different sizes), sixty planetary satellites (the Earth has one satellite, the Moon), small planets (asteroids).

All planets have different sizes. If we compare them with berries, fruits and vegetables, then the largest, like a watermelon, will be Jupiter, it is the fifth from the Sun. Closest to the Sun is the smallest planet Mercury, it is about a pea of ​​black pepper. All represent a blueberry - with it we will designate the second planet in a row - Venus. Beloved Earth is comparable to a cherry tomato. She is in third place. Behind us the size of green peas is Mars. Slightly smaller than Jupiter - watermelon, large juicy grapefruit - Saturn. Behind him is an apple - Uranus and closes Neptune, similar to a tangerine.

Comparative illustration, involving famous vegetables and fruits, for children of primary school age allows you to compare elements, develop spatial vision and remain in memory for a long time.

Space objects or celestial bodies

Not only the planets are interesting for primary school age. Space objects and celestial bodies are found in games, including computer games, cartoons, and fantasy books. Their information is not very reliable. Asteroids, comets, meteorites are small celestial bodies.

Asteroids are small bodies, about ten meters in diameter, moving along their route - orbit.

Comets - have a tail of dust and gases, move in an ellipse around a star.

Meteorites are space debris, dust, ice falling into the Earth's atmosphere.

Dwarf planets are also interesting: Ceres, Pluto and others. They are the most mystical for kids.

Traveling into space is often associated with a flight from one galaxy to another. Starting from grade 1, it is necessary to develop certain scientific skills in the child. Space and galaxy are not the same. There are many in space. A galaxy is a collection of stars. Stars, like a person, move, are born and die. Our galaxy, in which the Earth is located, is called the Milky Way. It can be seen by raising one's eyes to the starry sky - a bright wide strip, similar to spilled milk.

Space stories often focus on stars and constellations. Beautiful legends about their appearance are composed in various epics. Zodiac constellations, such as Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, the guiding North Star, children learn at an early age. However, such facts about space as the Sun is not a planet, but a star for children are not always known.

The story of the stars often comes down to the question of their number. It is impossible to count them. According to astronomers, there are about a hundred billion galaxies, and in clear weather, at night, without a telescope, you can see more than three thousand stars.

How people studied space

From the kindergarten preparatory group teachers tell children about space and astronauts. An astronaut is a person who has conquered space. They are characterized by such qualities as endurance, ingenuity, fortitude, poise, and they are also strong and healthy people.

Cosmonautics, in short, a set of branches of science and technology that provide space exploration using various spacecraft: rockets, satellites.

Many years ago, mankind was preoccupied with the study of space, flights, the desire to find out what was happening high in the sky. For example, about the flight of Icarus on wings fastened with wax, children will learn at literary reading in the second grade.

Man, like birds, wanted to ascend to heaven. From makeshift wings to balloons. But even this did not satisfy the man. The ball flew only in the direction of the wind. A controlled balloon-airship was created, large and clumsy. Improving, mankind came up with new objects for the exploration of outer space. There were airplanes, helicopters, airplanes.

However, the legends and myths about the first flight must have a logical conclusion. A real flight into space was successfully carried out by Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (April 12, 1961). Since then, this day has been considered a national holiday. Many boys want to be astronauts, thanks to the stories "Children about space and astronauts."

Interesting facts about space

In various encyclopedias you can find interesting facts about space for kids. Often the text, the message is illustrated with bright scientific and educational pictures.

The moon, both boys and girls are interested in it. Interesting for them will be the fact that the moon itself does not shine, but only reflects sunlight. A month is a part of the moon that is not covered by a shadow from our planet.

A jump on the Moon would be six times as far as on Earth.

Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin spent 108 minutes on the space voyage. That's an hour and forty-eight minutes (just over two lessons).

Stories about outer space cannot be complete without mentioning two more heroes - huskies Belka and Strelka. They have been in space even before Gagarin.

And now the "very-very" facts about space for children:

• The darkest place in space, without stars and galaxies - the Eridanian Super Void.

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