Teach reading for kindergarten
The Best Methods for Teaching Reading in Kindergarten
The Best Methods for Teaching Reading in Kindergarten
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Reading is one of the most important skills children need to learn in school. Reading gives them knowledge about the world and helps them learn about subjects such as science and history. It also helps them with their future studies and career options. As such, teaching how to read is one of the most important subjects in the earlier grades. In fact, it’s one of the first subjects children learn. Reading is foundational, and it’s one of the first skills children begin learning. In order to teach how to read, you must make sure your students have the tools they need. Different methods can be used to help children become better readers. This article explores the best methods for teaching reading in kindergarten.
Teach Phonics
Phonics is one of the best methods for teaching in kindergarten. Even if a child learns to read words by sight, they still need to know how to use phonics. Phonics teaches children about how words are pronounced and what the word’s letters sound like. Even if children learn to decode words by sight, they still need to know how to use phonics, which teach them about how words are pronounced and what the words’ letters sound like. For example, “K-I-T” is pronounced as “kit,” while “C-A-T” is pronounced as “cat.” After they learn these rules, children can figure out which letter corresponds with each sound, so they can read any word correctly.
Help Kindergarten students Build Their Vocabulary
One of the best ways to teach reading is by helping children build their own vocabulary. A large vocabulary leads to a better comprehension and proficiency in all language arts skills—not just reading, but also writing and spelling. Children need to know at least 5,000 words before they start kindergarten, experts say.
It’s important for kindergarten teachers to focus on teaching their students new words and expanding their vocabulary. This can be done through games that use word cards or through word work activities. In this way, children will learn new words with meaning and context as they play these games or complete these activities.
Teach Sentence Repetition
One way to teach children how to read is by using sentence repetition. With this method, children repeat sentences as they are read. The sentences should be short and simple at first. As students get better at repeating the sentences, the sentences can get more complex. This may take a little practice on their part but it is worth it in the long-run. In order to teach reading, you need to know what methods work best for your students. Some people might find sentence repetition more helpful than others so you’ll want to experiment with different methods until you find one that works for your class.
Give Fluent Reading Practice
The fluency of a reader depends on how quickly, smoothly, and accurately they read. The more fluent the reading is, the easier it will be for the student to comprehend what they are reading. Fluent readers can use context clues to figure out unfamiliar words and comprehend what they are reading without having to rely on their teacher or parent. One of the best methods for teaching how to read in kindergarten is giving your students fluent reading practice. Letting them read books out loud to you while you follow along with the text helps develop this ability. This type of fluent reading practice also allows them to get feedback on their pronunciation, which can help them improve as a reader. For example, telling your students when they mispronounce a word, or when they don't read fluently enough can be very helpful in improving their skills.
Have Daily Reading Rituals
The biggest thing you can do to help your students become better readers is have reading rituals in your classroom.
Reading to students is one of the best methods to teach them how to read. As such, it should be a daily ritual at school and home. In order to have a successful reading ritual, you must make sure that the book or story is appropriate for the age group and skill level of the reader. For kindergarteners, books with simple sentences are typically best.
Conclusion
Reading is a critical skill. The best methods for teaching reading in kindergarten are to help the students build their vocabulary, teach sentence repetition, give fluent reading practice and have daily reading rituals. These methods will help them to read better, because with every new word they learn, students are also learning new sounds and building their fluency. This is why it is important to teach these methods to kindergarten students.
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9 Fun and Easy Tips
With the abundance of information out there, it can seem like there is no clear answer about how to teach a child to read. As a busy parent, you may not have time to wade through all of the conflicting opinions.
That’s why we’re here to help! There are some key elements when it comes to teaching kids to read, so we’ve rounded up nine effective tips to help you boost your child’s reading skills and confidence.
These tips are simple, fit into your lifestyle, and help build foundational reading skills while having fun!
Tips For How To Teach A Child To Read
1) Focus On Letter Sounds Over Letter Names
We used to learn that “b” stands for “ball.” But when you say the word ball, it sounds different than saying the letter B on its own. That can be a strange concept for a young child to wrap their head around!
Instead of focusing on letter names, we recommend teaching them the sounds associated with each letter of the alphabet.
For example, you could explain that B makes the /b/ sound (pronounced just like it sounds when you say the word ball aloud).
Once they firmly establish a link between a handful of letters and their sounds, children can begin to sound out short words. Knowing the sounds for B, T, and A allows a child to sound out both bat and tab.
As the number of links between letters and sounds grows, so will the number of words your child can sound out!
Now, does this mean that if your child already began learning by matching formal alphabet letter names with words, they won’t learn to match sounds and letters or learn how to read? Of course not!
We simply recommend this process as a learning method that can help some kids with the jump from letter sounds to words.
2) Begin With Uppercase Letters
Practicing how to make letters is way easier when they all look unique! This is why we teach uppercase letters to children who aren’t in formal schooling yet.
Even though lowercase letters are the most common format for letters (if you open a book at any page, the majority of the letters will be lowercase), uppercase letters are easier to distinguish from one another and, therefore, easier to identify.
Think about it –– “b” and “d” look an awful lot alike! But “B” and “D” are much easier to distinguish. Starting with uppercase letters, then, will help your child to grasp the basics of letter identification and, subsequently, reading.
To help your child learn uppercase letters, we find that engaging their sense of physical touch can be especially useful. If you want to try this, you might consider buying textured paper, like sandpaper, and cutting out the shapes of uppercase letters.
Ask your child to put their hands behind their back, and then place the letter in their hands. They can use their sense of touch to guess what letter they’re holding! You can play the same game with magnetic letters.
3) Incorporate Phonics
Research has demonstrated that kids with a strong background in phonics (the relationship between sounds and symbols) tend to become stronger readers in the long-run.
A phonetic approach to reading shows a child how to go letter by letter — sound by sound — blending the sounds as you go in order to read words that the child (or adult) has not yet memorized.
Once kids develop a level of automatization, they can sound out words almost instantly and only need to employ decoding with longer words. Phonics is best taught explicitly, sequentially, and systematically — which is the method HOMER uses.
If you’re looking for support helping your child learn phonics, our HOMER Learn & Grow app might be exactly what you need! With a proven reading pathway for your child, HOMER makes learning fun!
4) Balance Phonics And Sight Words
Sight words are also an important part of teaching your child how to read. These are common words that are usually not spelled the way they sound and can’t be decoded (sounded out).
Because we don’t want to undo the work your child has done to learn phonics, sight words should be memorized. But keep in mind that learning sight words can be challenging for many young children.
So, if you want to give your child a good start on their reading journey, it’s best to spend the majority of your time developing and reinforcing the information and skills needed to sound out words.
5) Talk A Lot
Even though talking is usually thought of as a speech-only skill, that’s not true. Your child is like a sponge. They’re absorbing everything, all the time, including the words you say (and the ones you wish they hadn’t heard)!
Talking with your child frequently and engaging their listening and storytelling skills can increase their vocabulary.
It can also help them form sentences, become familiar with new words and how they are used, as well as learn how to use context clues when someone is speaking about something they may not know a lot about.
All of these skills are extremely helpful for your child on their reading journey, and talking gives you both an opportunity to share and create moments you’ll treasure forever!
6) Keep It Light
Reading is about having fun and exploring the world (real and imaginary) through text, pictures, and illustrations. When it comes to reading, it’s better for your child to be relaxed and focused on what they’re learning than squeezing in a stressful session after a long day.
We’re about halfway through the list and want to give a gentle reminder that your child shouldn’t feel any pressure when it comes to reading — and neither should you!
Although consistency is always helpful, we recommend focusing on quality over quantity. Fifteen minutes might sound like a short amount of time, but studies have shown that 15 minutes a day of HOMER’s reading pathway can increase early reading scores by 74%!
It may also take some time to find out exactly what will keep your child interested and engaged in learning. That’s OK! If it’s not fun, lighthearted, and enjoyable for you and your child, then shake it off and try something new.
7) Practice Shared Reading
While you read with your child, consider asking them to repeat words or sentences back to you every now and then while you follow along with your finger.
There’s no need to stop your reading time completely if your child struggles with a particular word. An encouraging reminder of what the word means or how it’s pronounced is plenty!
Another option is to split reading aloud time with your child.
For emerging readers, you can read one line and then ask them to read the next. For older children, reading one page and letting them read the next page is beneficial.
Doing this helps your child feel capable and confident, which is important for encouraging them to read well and consistently!
This technique also gets your child more acquainted with the natural flow of reading. While they look at the pictures and listen happily to the story, they’ll begin to focus on the words they are reading and engage more with the book in front of them.
Rereading books can also be helpful. It allows children to develop a deeper understanding of the words in a text, make familiar words into “known” words that are then incorporated into their vocabulary, and form a connection with the story.
We wholeheartedly recommend rereading!
8) Play Word Games
Getting your child involved in reading doesn’t have to be about just books. Word games can be a great way to engage your child’s skills without reading a whole story at once.
One of our favorite reading games only requires a stack of Post-It notes and a bunched-up sock. For this activity, write sight words or words your child can sound out onto separate Post-It notes. Then stick the notes to the wall.
Your child can then stand in front of the Post-Its with the bunched-up sock in their hands. You say one of the words and your child throws the sock-ball at the Post-It note that matches!
9) Read With Unconventional Materials
In the same way that word games can help your child learn how to read, so can encouraging your child to read without actually using books!
If you’re interested in doing this, consider using PlayDoh, clay, paint, or indoor-safe sand to form and shape letters or words.
Another option is to fill a large pot with magnetic letters. For emerging learners, suggest that they pull a letter from the pot and try to name the sound it makes. For slightly older learners, see if they can name a word that begins with the same sound, or grab a collection of letters that come together to form a word.
As your child becomes more proficient, you can scale these activities to make them a little more advanced. And remember to have fun with it!
Reading Comes With Time And Practice
Overall, we want to leave you with this: there is no single answer to how to teach a child to read. What works for your neighbor’s child may not work for yours –– and that’s perfectly OK!
Patience, practicing a little every day, and emphasizing activities that let your child enjoy reading are the things we encourage most. Reading is about fun, exploration, and learning!
And if you ever need a bit of support, we’re here for you! At HOMER, we’re your learning partner. Start your child’s reading journey with confidence with our personalized program plus expert tips and learning resources.
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Learning to read | Kindergarten No. 74 of a general developmental type
Home » Our consultations » From the experience of our teachers » Learning to read
For you, parents!
(from the work experience of the educator MADOU No.
74 Rubtsova Marina Vasilievna )
Parents of preschool children attending kindergarten often rely on the fact that their children will be prepared for school by the efforts of educators. Indeed, specially organized classes help children prepare for school, but without the help of parents, such preparation will not be of high quality.
Experience shows that no best children's institution - neither kindergarten nor elementary school - can completely replace the family, family education. In a preschool institution, children are taught many useful skills, they are taught to draw, count, write and read. But if the family does not take an interest in the child’s activities, do not attach due importance to them, do not encourage diligence and diligence, the child also begins to treat them with disdain, does not strive to work better, correct his mistakes, and overcome difficulties in work. Some children are deeply offended by such inattention of their parents, they cease to be sincere and frank.
On the contrary, the interest of parents in the affairs of the child attaches particular importance to all the achievements of the child. Help in overcoming the difficulties that arise in the performance of any kind of activity is always accepted with gratitude and contributes to the closeness of parents and children. At home, the ability to read can come as naturally to a child as the ability to walk or talk. Dear parents, grandparents! If you want to teach your child to read before he goes to school, pay attention and understanding to all our advice. To avoid the sad consequences of illiterate learning.
Learning to read
It is believed that learning to read early gives a child great intellectual potential. A pre-reader or a first-grader who is already reading develops faster, learns easier and better, and remembers more.
Where to start?
- The main rule of learning to read: "Do not chase the result!". First, show your child the alphabet.
If he is interested, consider it, name the letters, syllables. Learning to read is best started on their own initiative. Your task is to support, not to ruin the initiative with excessive zeal.
- Learning to read can begin with the study of letters or syllables. Colorful tables, posters, cubes are well suited for these purposes. The material may change from time to time. And it is not at all necessary to memorize the alphabetic name of the letters with the kids.
- Pay special attention to the game form of the lessons, as well as their duration (15-20 minutes). Do not forget how joyful and interesting they will be, his further education largely depends. The main thing is not to forget that all this is just a game, and not preparation for the exam.
-If a child is ill or not in the mood to study, it is better to postpone the “lesson”, do not study by force.
-Lessons should be varied, change tasks often, because small children get tired quickly and their attention is scattered.
So you will have to constantly maintain the interest of the child in what you propose to do.
-Read in front of the child. Mom is the best role model.
- In parallel with reading, you can learn to write. The child will be quite capable of performing graphic tasks: circle simple figures point by point with your hand. You can "type" on the old keyboard. Maze toys prepare a hand well for writing, in which small details need to be raised, for example, from bottom to top, or swiped from left to right.
Important about letters
You can often see such a picture on the street. Mom asks the child, pointing to any letter of the sign on the house: "What is this letter?" The child happily answers: "PE!", Or "EM!", Or "ES!" One feels like saying:
“Dear adults! If this is how you call letters to children,
, then how will your little student read the syllable "MA"? Imagine, he will most likely get "EMA"! And he will be right: EM + A = EMA. And the word "MA-MA" in this case will be read as "EMA-EMA"!
Most teachers and speech therapists agree that when teaching preschool children, the alphabetic army should be called in a simplified way: not “pe”, but “p”, not “me”, but “m”.
Learning to read at home
How to teach to read and not injure the psyche, not to force, but on the contrary, arouse interest and desire? If you actively played with the child, while attracting a book, then this will greatly facilitate the task.
The first unsuccessful experiences can completely discourage you from starting to learn to read. The child understands that learning to read is not so easy and hardly repeats attempts. Learn more letters back and forth. But to combine them into words and read, and then understand what you read - it's pretty hard. But gradually the child overcomes this difficulty.
Learn to read in the game. But, most importantly, what we should remember is not to torment the child and ourselves. Don't make it an unpleasant duty, don't compare one child to another.
Here we need patience, love, consistency, fantasy. You can beat the learning process, turn it into a holiday, into an exciting game.
Keep it short but effective.
So, let's move on to the study of letters and sounds.
1. Learning is best to start with vowels.
Some parents have already introduced their children to different letters, but where do you start? You need to start with vowels, which you need to determine whether the child remembers them well.
To teach children to read, you can use cut out letters, paint, plasticine, whatever you want.
Now I'll show you some exercises that will help you reinforce the learned vowels.
- I will call you a letter, and you take it out of the magic box and we are building a house with you:
E e
A A A A
Ob of
and
U in
E E
This is needed for that. so that the child learns to read and write lines. ( Can be read)
It will take some time to memorize one letter, three, four, five or even six days.
If the child remembers longer, it's okay. It is important that the child not only read a new letter, but also knows how to find it. You can ask the child to find the letter O , then the letter A , and so quietly the child makes a train.
A U O E I S E Y Y Y Y E
Later, when the train is completed, the child can read it. If a child has a hard time remembering vowels, you can remember them associatively. But A , as always, does not cause difficulties, U are ears, And - we smile, O - this is a circle, what we see, then we say, the letter Yu - can be remembered as a skirt, E - the car is driving, E - hedgehog, If the child has forgotten the letter, then ask him: "Prickly with eyes."
The most difficult letter of the vowels is the letter E . This letter is difficult because some children pronounce it like E , this is wrong.
It is necessary to monitor the correct pronunciation of the sound and correct the child.
A U O E I S E Y Y Y E
The letter E came out to the yard for a walk, which letter came out to her, choose.
EO , change places you get OE .
So, we have already learned the vowels, let's move on to the consonants.
Consonants
To study consonants, choose the first voiced letter, M, N, L, R .
Consonants are best studied immediately with a familiar vowel. It is easier for a child to remember a new letter. In addition, we thus imperceptibly approach the syllables.
To do this, the child needs to build a house out of vowels:
A E
O YU
and I
Next, we introduce the child with a new consonant letter.
We tell the child to raise the letter on the elevator while reading the syllable.
If a child cannot remember a letter or pronounces it incorrectly, an exercise called "Pens, Pens" will come in handy.
The child sits in front of you so that he is not distracted, take his hands. This exercise is difficult and requires a lot of attention.
You hold the child by the hands, and he, looking into your mouth, repeats after you.
The peculiarity of this exercise is that the child does not see the letter, he perceives it by ear.
First, show the child the letter with your hand, and let him name them, later you remove your hand and the child should show and name the letters. For example: with the letter , will have NU , etc. It is necessary to ensure that the child reads not only when you show him with your finger, but so that he himself can take and read.
Syllables
Children usually stumble at this stage.
It is difficult for them to read syllables together. It is important that the child not only read the syllables first consonants and then vowels, but also to be able to distinguish when, on the contrary, there are first a vowel and then a consonant.
We offer you a manual that makes it easy for children to learn syllabic reading.
Didactic manual for teaching reading "Magic Windows"
At the stage of learning to read syllables, it is useful to use such a device. Making this educational game is not an easy task. But all preschoolers like to play with "windows", and you will not regret taking the time to make this manual.
You will need:
2 sheets of white or colored card stock;
sketchbook;
ruler;
simple pencil;
colored pencils or markers;
scissors, glue.
Make a markup on one sheet of cardboard: lay the sheet horizontally, divide it into 2 equal parts with a vertical line, mark windows at the same level in each half, observing the same indentation from the edges and from the middle line.
Cut out the windows with scissors. On the reverse side, glue a cap from the second sheet of cardboard. Apply glue only along the middle line, along the right and left edges.
Open the album in the middle, unfasten the staples and pull out the double sheet of paper. Cut it in half lengthwise so that you get two identical strips. Mark each strip along its entire length: draw rectangles with a width corresponding to the height of the window in the part made of cardboard earlier. On one strip, write the vowels A, O, U, Y, I, E, E, I, Yu, E (one letter in each rectangle). On the second strip, write the consonants M, P, N, K, C, C, T, B, D, G, 3, F (also one letter in each rectangle).
Insert the strips into the cardboard frame: the vowel strip on the right, the consonant strip on the left.
Now set any consonant letter in the left window, and move the right bar so that vowels appear in turn in the right window. Let the child read the resulting syllables. For example: MA - MO - MU - WE - MI - ME - MY - MY - MU - ME.
Move the bar on the left to make a new consonant appear, move the right bar again, inviting the child to read new syllables.
Next time, leave the vowel you chose unchanged, and change the consonant by moving the left bar in the boxes. Ask the child to read the resulting syllables. For example: MA - PA - NA - VA - TA - BA - KA - SA - GA, etc.
You can swap the stripes, in this version the child will read chains of so-called reverse syllables, where the first letter is a vowel and the second is a consonant . For example: AP - AM - AN - AB - AT - AS - AF - HELL, AK - OK - UK - KY - IR - EK - YOK - YUK - YAK - EK.
Invite the child to move the strips independently. Ask to compose any syllable according to your task or the desire of the baby. Organize a "School for Toys" where the teacher - your child - will show his toys different syllables with the help of this manual. Good luck!
How to teach a child to read correctly and quickly. Methods of teaching reading
Almost all children today go to the first grade, already knowing how to read.
And parents consider it almost obligatory to teach a child of 5 or 6 years to read. Someone relies on classes in kindergarten or on developmental camps, someone - on preparation for school. And how to teach a child to read at home? Is it necessary to learn to read by syllables? How to do it correctly and quickly? About the features of teaching reading to preschoolers - in an article from the Center for Primary Education of the Prosveshchenie Group of Companies.
When should I teach my child to read?
When to start? One child already knows the entire alphabet at the age of three, and the other only by the age of five begins to show interest in books. It's not about age, but about the child's readiness to learn to read and write. The main indicators of such readiness are:
- the child speaks in separate sentences;
- clearly pronounces most sounds;
- can consistently tell how he spent the day in kindergarten or visiting his grandmother;
- is oriented in space, knows the concepts of "left", "right", "up", "down";
- holds attention, can do one thing (draw, sculpt, assemble a designer, etc.
) for 10-15 minutes.
Teaching a child to read should begin not with letters, but with sounds. It is the sounds that he hears from birth, and letters are a means of recording sounds. Having learned to distinguish sounds in spoken words, merge sounds into syllables, divide words into syllables, the child will easily master reading.
Learning to distinguish sounds in words
Teaching preschoolers to read begins with the fact that we teach a child to distinguish between vowels and consonants, hard and soft consonants. Vowels do not meet obstacles on their way, they are formed only by the voice, they can be sung, extended. Observe how the teeth and lips behave when making a sound. If they put up a barrier, it is a consonant.
To hear a stressed sound in a word, you need to pronounce it with surprise or inquiringly, or "call" with this word: drum! umbrella? cat!
The peculiarity of the perception of a child of 4–5 years old is that he needs to touch everything, take it apart and put it back together in order to understand.
The same principle should be followed when studying sounds.
Take words literally with your child. Let the vowel sounds be red, and the consonants be blue cubes (without inscriptions). Build word houses out of them. Say the word "juice" yourself, then have the child say it. Listen to the sounds, observe how the lips and teeth behave, at what moment they close.
Say the first sound, is it a vowel or a consonant? Lay out the first cube. Say the second sound - is it a vowel or a consonant? Lay out the second cube and "read" the diagram. Are all the sounds "lined up"? Say the third sound and complete the diagram. "Read" the diagram, check if all the sounds are in place? When drawing up a scheme of words consisting of two syllables, mark the stress. Next, we add the designation of hard and soft sounds.
When studying sounds, take into account the peculiarity of the Russian language: spelling does not always coincide with pronunciation. Therefore, first offer words in which each sound is in a strong position, i.
e. sounds good when spoken. For vowels, this is the position under stress, the vowel "u" is always well heard. One-syllable words (in one syllable) with an unpaired consonant at the end or two-syllable (in two syllables) with a vowel "y" without stress or with "s" at the end of the word will do. For example, monosyllabic: sleep, chalk, forest, spruce, ball, table; disyllabic: foxes, museum, sail, etc.
Having mastered the decomposition of such words into syllables, you can move on to disyllabic and trisyllabic words, the spelling of which coincides with the pronunciation, for example: saw, nose, cat, giraffe, cat, grandmother, salute, etc. In the word "nose" at the end we hear the sound "s" and write the letter "s", in contrast to the word "oak", when pronouncing which we hear the sound "p", but we write the letter "b".
Only later can you suggest words whose spelling and pronunciation do not match: frost, family, oak, water, forests.
Teaching a child to divide words into syllables
Before your child starts learning to read, teach them how to divide words into syllables.
Pronounce the words by clapping the number of syllables. In Russian, there are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels: sa-mo-let, ka-ran-dash - 3 vowels, 3 syllables; u-zhi - 2 vowels, 2 syllables; sport - 1 vowel, 1 syllable, 1 clap.
Play "Finish the word". You throw the ball to the child, saying the first syllable of the word, for example, "ma". The child returns the ball, naming the ending, for example, "sha". Say the word in full: Ma-sha. Think of the endings of words, change places with the child.
How to learn letters with a child
After the child has learned to distinguish the sounds that make up words, we move on from sounds to letters.
As a rule, there are no difficulties with learning the alphabet. Children willingly memorize letters, remember their name. You can use magnet letters, sticker letters, letters made from various materials - rough, smooth, soft. Place them on a special board, tablet, allocate space on the nursery wall, on the refrigerator, on cabinets.
Collect a piggy bank for each letter: these can be items whose names begin with that letter. Sort through the toys, there will surely be suitable items: "A" - an angel, an orange, "I" - an apple, "K" - a cube, a pencil, "B" - a bulldozer, a banana. Clap the syllables as you say the words. Offer the child objects and discuss together whether this letter will be "friends" with him. It is still difficult for the child himself to find the right word, but be sure to support the initiative shown, remembering the principle: do together, but not instead.
Look at the letter. What does she look like? What parts does it consist of? Dream together with your child: "B" is like glasses, "E" is like a brush. What does the letter "M" look like? Consider the drawings on which the letters are "hidden". Fold letters from cereals, buttons, sculpt from plasticine, clay, draw in different colors. The task is to teach the child to recognize the graphic appearance of letters, to correlate with the sound they represent.
Learning letters in alphabetical order is not recommended. At present, there are two main principles for studying the alphabet.
Frequency (V.G. Goretsky). First, the most commonly used sounds are studied, then less commonly used ones, and finally, a group of less commonly used ones is introduced.
Positional principle (D.B. Elkonin). Sounds are studied in pairs, in accordance with the phonetic system of the Russian language: vowels "A" - "I", "O" - "E", paired consonants: "C" - "Z", "D" - "T" and t .d.
How to teach a child to read by syllables
Whatever sequence you follow when introducing vowels to your child, tell them that these letters not only represent a vowel sound, but also suggest how to read the consonant that comes before them.
After learning a few letters, such as "A", "I", "O", "E", "M", "N", "L", "S", "K", try to read syllables and short words . Before reading a syllable, look at the letter representing the vowel.
What job does it do: soften the consonant or indicate its hardness?
Compare the consonants in the words "CAT" and "KIT". What sound does the letter "K" stand for in both words? Which letter suggests that "K" is pronounced softly? Discuss with your child: in the word "CAT" the letter "O" denotes the vowel sound "O", it does not soften the consonant, so we pronounce the hard sound "K". In the word "KIT" the letter "I" indicates softness, we pronounce the sound "K" softly.
When reading words, orient your child to the vowel. Vowels denoting the softness of the preceding consonant: "I", "E", "Yo", "Yu", "I". Next, suggest words with the letter "b" at the end of the word, it also indicates softness, but it does not pronounce itself: HORSE, ELSE, GUS. Having mastered the principle of merging a consonant with a vowel, ways to indicate softness in a letter, a child will be able to read any word, knowing what sound this or that letter stands for.
The principle of complication of words for reading is the same as in the study of sounds: from monosyllabic words with clearly audible sounds to words whose spelling coincides with the sound, and words whose spelling and sound do not match.
Hold on to this step. Do not rush to read sentences and text. Play with words. Collect words from cards with syllables, find "extra" words for various reasons, for example, the shortest / longest, by the number of syllables, by meaning - TABLE, SPOON, BED, etc. Suggest words that differ in one sound: BOW - HATCH, stress: CASTLE - CASTLE, find hidden words in the word: RHINO, SAND, PIN and the like. Read word slides: the first word consists of two letters, the second of three, and so on. Such game tasks will help to consolidate the skill of syllabic reading and prepare for reading complex and new words.
Reading in sentences
Once you have mastered reading words, move on to sentences and then to short texts. There are special editions for beginners to read children. It is important that reading is enjoyable for the child, difficult, but doable.
What are the most common difficulties at this stage?
Sound fusion. If the child pronounces each sound separately, but it is impossible to pronounce it together, draw a path, write two letters of the syllable along the edges.
Put the child's finger on the first sound, pull it while you "run" along the path to the second. Stretch the sounds with the child, show how they merge into a word.
Regressions. These are recurrent eye movements for the purpose of re-reading what has already been read. In order not to form the habit of reading and pronouncing a word several times, carefully observe how the child reads. Do not rush to move from syllabic reading to reading in words, otherwise the child will get used to first reading to himself in syllables, and then reading aloud with a whole word.
Anticipation. This is the name of the semantic guess, the ability to assume the logic of the text. A very useful skill, but at the first stages of learning to read it leads to mistakes. The child, in a hurry to read the word and get approval, "omits" the endings, after reading only the first syllable, "thinks up" the word. To overcome such mistakes, offer games with words, for example, read "gibberish" poems - a set of rhyming combinations of sounds.
And again, do not "drive" the child in mastering the reading skill. This is a long and complicated process.
Try to immediately orient the child to meaningful reading. Before reading, look at the illustrations, read the title, guess what the text is about, ask questions. While reading, ask clarifying questions to understand what has already been read, clarify the meaning of new words. After reading, discuss who you read about, what he/she does. Draw and act out the stories you read.
To overcome slow reading, develop your child's memory and attention. Play with words and words, expand your vocabulary. The success of learning to read is determined by the development of thinking, memory and speech, formed by motivation.
7 tips for those who teach children to read
- Start reading with small articulation exercises . Before reading, invite your child to play with the sounds. The task is to prepare the speech apparatus.
Any articulation workout will do. For example, inflate and deflate a balloon with the sound "ssss" on the exhale. Warm-ups for the tongue, lips. Pronunciation of tongue twisters and tongue twisters. - Be patient. Reading skills are formed on average over 3-4 years. Celebrate the child’s successes, support if it doesn’t work out, but don’t do it instead of the child. Don't focus on mistakes. Create a situation of success.
- Simulate a situation in which the child himself takes the initiative, and you act as an assistant. Arouse interest, curiosity. For example, suggest a word with an unfamiliar letter and do not rush to talk about it. Create a situation of difficulty in which the child himself will take the initiative and ask the question: what letter is this? what sound does it represent?
- The main thing in classes should be communication . Do not replace yourself with gadgets, educational programs, educational games.
