What is the meaning of sight words

Introductory words and insertive constructions

To make it clearer than the difference between introductory words and plug-in constructions, we have compiled a small table.

Introductory words	Inserts
July, they say will be warm and sunny.	July, I think will be warm and sunny.
Aleksey, of course , already knew how to properly saddle a horse. nine0013	Aleksey, we were confident in this , he already knew how to properly saddle a horse.
The ring lay in a conspicuous place and, certainly , attracted attention.	The ring lay in a conspicuous place, and - as the reader has already guessed - attracted attention.

It is easy to see that insert constructions, unlike introductory words, have their own subject and predicate. Very often they can be issued as a separate proposal. nine0005

Short insertions may be separated by commas, while longer ones are often separated by parentheses or dashes. However, it depends not so much on the length of the structure, but on the author's intention. Putting a dash or bracket instead of a comma in most cases will not be a mistake.

• Several guys - there were about a dozen - turned off the path to eat raspberries.
• An old tram rumbled along the street ( such trams have long been discontinued ) and slowly disappeared around the corner.
• Once — Kolya and Vitya remembered this day for a long time. — dad took the whole family fishing in the neighboring region.

Usually, when choosing between commas, brackets and dashes, they are guided by the following: if an interstitial construction has little or no syntactic links with the sentence, it is better to enclose it in brackets.

Sometimes an interstitial sentence ends with an exclamation mark or a question mark to enhance expression. In this case, it can be distinguished exclusively by brackets or a dash. nine0005

Last spring - it was a real miracle! - the old apple tree is suddenly covered with flowers again.

Important!

If an insertion ends with an exclamation mark or a question mark, then the sentence must be continued with a lower case letter.

Interestingly, introductory words can sometimes be distinguished in the same way. As a rule, this is found in fiction and is one of the ways to emphasize emotions, express the feelings of the author or character. nine0005

• Katya carefully entered the dark room and — oh horror! - I noticed how the curtain swayed slightly by itself.
• And soon ( wonderful thing! ) Petya fell in love with mathematics so much that he solved all the problems for the next quarter.

Here we are dealing with introductory words that could be separated by commas, but in order to enhance the emotional coloring of the text, they are presented in the form of interstitial sentences with an exclamation mark. They can equally well be separated by brackets or dashes. nine0005

So we have dealt with such an extensive topic as introductory words in Russian, and in order to consolidate knowledge, we recommend that you finally go over the tables and lists with your eyes.

44 words that we use incorrectly

1. Autobiography

“Fill out the questionnaire and write your autobiography” — we often hear such phrases and do not think that this is a mistake from the category “butter oil”. An autobiography is a description of one's life (autos - "myself", bios - "life" and grapho - "I write"). It is impossible to write someone else's autobiography, so the use of a possessive pronoun in this case is unnecessary. nine0005

2. Ambitious

Think before you write ambitious in the column of your merits in your resume. Ambitious and purposeful person are different concepts. Ambition is heightened self-esteem, excessive self-conceit, as well as various claims and claims. The adjective derived from this word also has a negative emotional connotation.

3. Appeal - operate

These words are often confused. In fact, they are completely different. To appeal means to turn to someone or something for support: "Appeal to authority." This word is interpreted even more narrowly in legal practice: an appeal is a complaint, to appeal is to protest something. You can operate with some tools or data. “The expert operates with statistics” means that he skillfully demonstrates it. If he calls for statistical research to help, then he is already appealing to statistics. nine0005

4. A priori

This adverb is understood by many as something self-evident, requiring no proof. But in philosophy, to think a priori means to have an idea about something without having tested it in practice (from the Latin a priori - “from the previous”). The antonym is the word "a posteriori" - a judgment based on experience. So you can't be a priori sure of the meaning of a word until you look it up in a dictionary.

5. Test - try

These words are sometimes used as synonyms. To avoid such a mistake, remember: to test means to check and approve. As a rule, we are talking about some kind of official procedures: "Scientists have tested a new medicine - it will soon go on sale." You can’t test semolina, unless, of course, this is some kind of large study, the results of which will be issued a written opinion. nine0005

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6. Asexual

Sometimes this is the wrong name for an unattractive person. The term "asexual" means a weak sexual instinct. An asexual person can be cute as hell, but also indifferent to sex. nine0005

7. Authentic

Buzzword. Every now and then something becomes authentic - cafes, performances and even people. But the word "authenticity" ≠ "originality". It means authenticity, correspondence to the original. Authentic can be a contract or a product, as well as works of art.

8. Hypothesis - theory

Similar but not identical concepts. A hypothesis is a scientific assumption put forward to justify a phenomenon and requiring experimental verification. Theory (in one of the meanings) is an opinion about something, developed on the basis of observations. In other words, within the framework of any theory, a hypothesis can be put forward in order to prove certain provisions of this theory. nine0005

9. Dilemma - problem

Solving a dilemma and coping with a problem are not the same thing. A dilemma is a difficult choice between two mutually exclusive options. To be or not to be? The third, as a rule, is not given. A problem is, first of all, an unpleasant situation with many or no solutions.

10. Agreement - contract

Very close concepts, but there are semantic and legal nuances. A contract is an agreement between two or more persons. According to civil law, it can be concluded both in writing and orally. A contract is always a written agreement. Moreover, according to the current legislation, one of its parties, as a rule, is the state. nine0005

11. Significant - significant

There is also a lot of confusion with these adjectives. Significant, that is, having weight or having a special meaning, can be, for example, words. Significant is, first of all, large in size or strength; something of great importance. Therefore, the profit of the company will always be significant.

12. For — so that

These conjunctions are often used incorrectly, because they do not know their meaning. Look in the dictionary so as not to make a mistake when attaching a subordinate clause. The union “for” corresponds to the unions “because” and “since”, and “in order” to the union “so that”. nine0005

13. Ideology - ideological

These concepts cannot be substituted for each other. Ideology is a system of views that forms a worldview. Previously, the world was clearly divided into adherents of a particular political and economic ideology. Ideology is loyalty to any point of view, idea.

14. Quintessence

This word comes from the Latin quinta essentia - "fifth essence". In ancient and medieval philosophy, the quintessence was called the essence, the basis of anything. Now, for some reason, this term is used when combining various concepts, for example: “The author noticed that his book is the quintessence of many genres, connecting many plots.” And this, of course, is not true. nine0005

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15. Business traveler - business traveler

"Places in the hotel only for business travelers" - many will pass by such an announcement without suspecting a dirty trick. But a business trip is something inanimate, related to a business trip. You can't talk about people like that. A person who went somewhere to carry out an official assignment is on a business trip: “For the seconded employees, the company rented a hotel and pays them travel allowances.” nine0005

16. Comme il faut

When we hear the phrase “Call him, otherwise I am somehow not comme il faut”, we immediately understand that one person is embarrassed to dial the number of another. This word is often used in the sense of "convenient / uncomfortable" or "comfortable / uncomfortable." Few people know that the dictionary meaning of the word "comme il faut" is refined, refined, corresponding to the rules of good manners. “He is comme il faut in public, but at home…”

17. Competence is competence

Knowledge and experience in a certain area should not be confused with the ability to use them. For example, if a company has a vacancy for a lawyer, then only a person with a higher legal education (competence) can fill it. But the presence of a diploma does not guarantee the competence of applicants. nine0005

18. Congenial

Many people believe that this is a superlative form of the adjective "genius". Like, congenial - it's like ingenious, only even better. But the word actually comes from the Latin con (together) and genialis (related to genius). At the same time, “genius” in Latin is a spirit. Thus, congenial is close in spirit. A congenial person is one who is close in mindset and values.

19. Credit - loan

These terms can sometimes be used interchangeably (depending on the context). However, it is important to remember the legal differences between these concepts. On credit, a bank or other credit institution issues money, for which interest is charged. The subject of a loan can be not only money, but also things, and not necessarily on a reimbursable basis. nine0005

20. Liberalism-libertarianism

Two ideological trends with similar names but different content. Liberalism unites supporters of the parliamentary system, broad political freedoms and entrepreneurship. The main feature of libertarianism is the ban on "aggressive violence". Supporters of this political trend believe that any manifestation of force and even the threat of its manifestation should be punished by law.

21. Loyal

Many people equate this word with indulgence: “If you got a teacher who was loyal, he delivered it automatically.” Let's look at the dictionary: "Loyal - loyal to the existing state power, the existing order." Only in the second meaning - a correct attitude towards someone or something - is loyalty similar to indulgence, but it is still impossible to put an equal sign between these concepts. nine0005

22. Outcast

When the press does not want to offend the homeless or beggars, they are “politely” called outcasts. But in sociology the term is much broader. A marginal is someone who finds himself in a new situation and has not yet adapted to it. For example, a marginal position is occupied by a person who has just moved from the village to the city.

23. Misalliance - union

Following the logic that "alliance" is the root, some believe that misalliance represents some kind of union of people or states. In fact, misalliance is nothing more than an unequal marriage (the root is “misalliance”). The phrase "Misalliance of Japan and Korea" can sound ambiguous, and sometimes offensive. nine0005

24. Misanthrope

Avoids people, does not seek to communicate - this characteristic suits not only misanthropes, but also introverts. Therefore, these concepts are often confused and identified. But a misanthrope (literally, a misanthrope) does not just reduce social contacts to a minimum - people enrage him. He does not trust anyone, he sees only the bad in everything and suspects everyone of something. Misanthropy can be selective and manifest itself in hatred only for men or, conversely, for women. Introverts, for the most part, are complete darlings. nine0005

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25.

Feel the difference with examples: “Is it conceivable to fail a session!” mother screamed in rage. “La-li-lay…” the daughter sang in her mind. Mental is imaginary, living somewhere in your thoughts. And conceivable is something that is difficult to imagine (but possible). nine0005

26. Unpalatable - unpleasant

The first word is often used as a synonym for the second: “What an unflattering type!” But to say so is wrong. In fact, impartial - impartial, fair, one who does not seek to please anyone. If someone called you an impartial person, consider that you were given a compliment.

27. Intolerant - intolerable

Words similar in spelling but different in meaning. An intolerant is someone who is not tolerant, or something that cannot be tolerated. For example, an intolerant misanthrope or intolerant rudeness. Intolerable is unbearable, acting so strongly that it cannot be tolerated. Unbearable is the pain or the wind. nine0005

28.

This word is often given the wrong meaning: “The new iPhone is just nonsense!” They wanted to emphasize the incredible coolness and sensationalism of the gadget, but they said that it was nonsense and absurdity. After all, this is the meaning of the word "nonsense".

29. Odious

Be wary if someone in your environment is called an odious person. It’s good if people just don’t know that odious is not extravagant and extraordinary, but unpleasant, causing a storm of negative emotions. And suddenly not? nine0005

30. Organic — organic

Adjectives that are easy to get confused about if you don't understand once and for all that organic is determined by the very essence of someone or something (synonymous with natural). Organic means pertaining to a living organism. Even more narrowly - consisting of carbon. Example: "The monument to doctors struggling with organic brain lesions fits organically into the landscape of the city."

31. Paphos

This word is often understood as pretense. In fact, translated from the Greek páthos means "passion". Paphos is a spiritual uplift, inspiration. In literary works, this term denotes the highest emotional point reached by the characters and found a response in the hearts of readers. nine0005

32. Teacher - teacher

These words are often equated, although these concepts are by no means identical. A teacher is a person who is engaged in teaching or educational activities (a synonym is a mentor). A teacher is an employee of a secondary or higher educational institution who teaches a subject (a teacher of mathematics, a teacher of literature). Thus, a teacher is a kind of activity, a profession, and a teacher is a specialization. nine0005

33. Souvenir gift

Using these words as synonyms is not always appropriate. A souvenir is a memorabilia associated with visiting a place. What we buy as a memory of a country, city or person. The expressions "memorable souvenir" or "memorial souvenir" have semantic redundancy. If the present is not related to the trip, it is better to write “gift”.

34. Under the auspices

According to ancient Greek mythology, the aegis is Zeus' cloak with magical properties. To be under the auspices means to be under the protection of some powerful force, to rely on the support of someone or something. It is wrong to use this expression in the meaning of "under the pretext". It cannot be said: "Under the auspices of consumer protection, Rospotrebnadzor conducted a raid on the city's retail outlets." nine0005

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35. Change - change

Words that should not be mixed in written literary speech. To change means to give what is yours and receive something else instead, that is, to exchange something. To change means to make something different. The expression "He completely changed his life" is wrong, as is "She changed her maiden name to her husband's name. " nine0005

36. Almost - almost

These adverbs are often confused. You can write “Almost everything remains the same” and “Almost everything remains the same”, but the meaning will be different. The adverb "practically" can be replaced by the expression "in practice" or "as a matter of fact". Then our example will sound like this: “In practice, everything remains the same” or “In fact, everything remains the same.” In other words, things are still there. The adverb "almost" means that something is missing, it can be replaced by the expression "almost". The sentence “Without a little, everything remains the same” has a different semantic connotation: something has been done, but not much. nine0005

37. Painting - signature

Related words, but do not identify them. A signature is an inscription under something (under + write). For example, write a surname under the text of the contract. Painting is decorative painting on walls, ceilings or objects. From a literary point of view, the request to put a signature in the act is incorrect. You can replace a signature with a painting only in colloquial speech.

38. Today's - current

"Today", that is, referring to the current day, should not be confused with the word "current". The last concept is broader. It covers everything related to the coming year (month, summer, season). nine0005

39. Sentence

Sentences are usually understood as some statements, remarks or theses. But it is important to remember that, according to the dictionary, these should not be any statements, but sayings of a moralizing nature.

40. A sociopath is a sociophobe

The first suffers from a dissocial personality disorder, and therefore does not take into account social norms and rules, does not care about morality and constantly challenges others. The second is a person who is afraid of society. He may be afraid to talk to a stranger on the street or be in a crowded place. Sociopathy is a type of mental disorder, social phobia is a type of phobia. It is impossible to put an equal sign between these concepts. nine0005

41. Typical - typical

Consonant, but different words. Do not confuse: typical - embodying the characteristic features of someone or something. Typical - this is corresponding to some sample.

42. Frustration - prostration

These concepts are often confused even by psychologists themselves. Frustration is a feeling of anxiety arising from the inability to achieve the desired. In other words, dissatisfaction. Prostration is an oppressed, apathetic state, a breakdown, when you do not want and cannot do anything. nine0005

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43. Functionality is functionality

Even serious IT publications make an unfortunate mistake, calling functionality functionality and vice versa. It's not the same thing. Functionality is a set of possible use cases or possible actions performed by an object: the functionality of a smartphone or laptop. A functional is a numerical function defined on a vector space.

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