Word adjectives examples


List of 228 Common Adjectives

Adjectives modify perhaps the most common words in the English language, nouns. With a list of common adjectives at hand, you can effectively describe your surroundings in detail. The words on this list of 228 adjectives can all be used to describe feelings or the appearance of objects and can also make it easy to describe yourself, your surroundings and your favorite things.

Person Skydiving With List of Common Adjectives

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A-D List of Adjective Words

The first part of this list features commonly used adjectives from the first four letters of the alphabet.

adorable

adventurous

aggressive

agreeable

alert

alive

amused

angry

annoyed

annoying

anxious

arrogant

ashamed

attractive

average

awful

bad

beautiful

better

bewildered

black

bloody

blue

blue-eyed

blushing

bored

brainy

brave

breakable

bright

busy

calm

careful

cautious

charming

cheerful

clean

clear

clever

cloudy

clumsy

colorful

combative

comfortable

concerned

condemned

confused

cooperative

courageous

crazy

creepy

crowded

cruel

curious

cute

dangerous

dark

dead

defeated

defiant

delightful

depressed

determined

different

difficult

disgusted

distinct

disturbed

dizzy

doubtful

drab

dull

E-K Adjectives List

There are plenty more often-used adjectives that start with letters in the next part of the alphabet. Review these adjective words that begin with the letters “e” through “k.”

eager

easy

elated

elegant

embarrassed

enchanting

encouraging

energetic

enthusiastic

envious

evil

excited

expensive

exuberant

fair

faithful

famous

fancy

fantastic

fierce

filthy

fine

foolish

fragile

frail

frantic

friendly

frightened

funny

gentle

gifted

glamorous

gleaming

glorious

good

gorgeous

graceful

grieving

grotesque

grumpy

handsome

happy

healthy

helpful

helpless

hilarious

homeless

homely

horrible

hungry

hurt

ill

important

impossible

inexpensive

innocent

inquisitive

itchy

jealous

jittery

jolly

joyous

kind

L-S Adjective Words

Moving forward in alphabetical order, there are still many more adjectives appropriate for use in everyday conversation. Explore these common words that start with the letters between “l” and “s.”

lazy

light

lively

lonely

long

lovely

lucky

magnificent

misty

modern

motionless

muddy

mushy

mysterious

nasty

naughty

nervous

nice

nutty

obedient

obnoxious

odd

old-fashioned

open

outrageous

outstanding

panicky

perfect

plain

pleasant

poised

poor

powerful

precious

prickly

proud

putrid

puzzled

quaint

real

relieved

repulsive

rich

scary

selfish

shiny

shy

silly

sleepy

smiling

smoggy

sore

sparkling

splendid

spotless

stormy

strange

stupid

successful

super

T-Z List of Adjectives

There are plenty more common adjectives throughout the remainder of the alphabet. Explore these common words that start with the letters between “t” and “z.”

talented

tame

tasty

tender

tense

terrible

thankful

thoughtful

thoughtless

tired

tough

troubled

ugliest

ugly

uninterested

unsightly

unusual

upset

uptight

vast

victorious

vivacious

wandering

weary

wicked

wide-eyed

wild

witty

worried

worrisome

wrong

zany

zealous

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Printable Adjectives List

Keeping up with all of these words doesn’t have to be challenging. Just download the printable version of this list by clicking the image below, then print or save for future reference. You’ll be excited to see that the printable version has even more adjectives!

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Why Use an Adjective List?

Whether you are a native English speaker or you are learning English as a second language, using an adjective list like this one can help you expand your language skills and organize your learning.

  • Using an adjective list can help you build a more advanced vocabulary and build your ability to use descriptive language. This, in turn, will allow you to become a more effective writer and speaker.
  • People who are learning a foreign language often make a list of common descriptive words to study in order to expand their vocabulary beyond just basic nouns and verbs in the new language.

Expand Your Descriptive Language Skills

While a list of 228 adjectives sounds like a lot, these are actually just a few examples of the many adjectives in the English language. When you’re ready to build out an even more extensive vocabulary of descriptive words, explore this list of more than 125 positive adjectives. Put a positive spin on your whole day with these uplifting descriptive words. Then, discover adjectives that describe tone, feelings and emotions. Get ready to boost your creativity and start building up your list of adjective words today!

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Related Articles

  • List of 125+ Positive Adjectives

    While there’s nothing wrong with being realistic, no one likes a Negative Neddy. This is where adjectives can help, giving you the right words to describe people, places, and things. Knowing your positive adjectives gives you the vocabulary to describe your charming friends, your passionate colleagues, and every stunning rainbow. A bigger personal vocabulary also improves your writing, so keep your eye on that silver lining.

  • 78 Adjectives That Start With “E”

    “E” is the most common letter in the English language. Try to think of a sentence without using the letter “E.” It’s easier said than done! But you don’t need to deprive yourself. It’s one of the most exquisite, enticing, and exciting letters you’ll ever find with an excellent array of adjectives, which are descriptive words for people, places, and things.

List of adjectives

An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun. They are always near the noun or pronoun they are describing. Adjectives are often overused and add little to a sentence. To avoid this problem, try using verbs and nouns creatively. Choose your adjectives carefully and use them when they have the greatest impact! Adjectives are often used to describe the degree of modification. The adjective forms are positive, comparative, and superlative.

  • This boy is tall. (positive)
  • That girl is taller. (comparative)
  • The last boy in the row is the tallest. (superlative)

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Appearance adjectives list

  • attractive
  • bald
  • beautiful
  • chubby
  • clean
  • dazzling
  • drab
  • elegant
  • fancy
  • fit
  • flabby
  • glamorous
  • gorgeous
  • handsome
  • long
  • magnificent
  • muscular
  • plain
  • plump
  • quaint
  • scruffy
  • shapely
  • short
  • skinny
  • stocky
  • ugly
  • unkempt
  • unsightly

Use of appearance adjectives

  • The waterfall at Skakavac is one of the most attractive sites in the vicinity of Sarajevo.
  • Hottie is a slang term for a physically attractive person.
  • A new study has revealed that bald men may actually be happier than men with hair.
  • Ethan is haunted by dreams of a beautiful girl he has never met.
  • A new study breaks down the foods most strongly associated with chubby children.
  • We must preserve Wisconsin's clean water, clean air, and natural heritage.
  • It was a dazzling diamond, and it impressed her enormously.
  • We saw sudden splashes of color in the drab landscape.
  • She had an elegant figure and she walked well.
  • The government welfare checks were used to buy fancy motorcycles and iphones.
  • There are two principal causes of flabby arms.
  • Glamorous shoes are perfect for finishing off evening ensembles in style.
  • She wore a gorgeous Victorian gown.
  • We're so proud of our splendid, handsome boy.
  • In this valley were magnificent gardens planted by Hassen ben Sabah.
  • We don't see many muscular women in popular culture.
  • White rabbits have large, broad, and muscular bodies.
  • The boss prefers his female employees to wear plain clothing to work.
  • When shopping, choose plump blueberries with no old, crushed berries.
  • The males had the most unusual colors and unsightly patterns.

Color adjectives list

  • ashy
  • black
  • blue
  • gray
  • green
  • icy
  • lemon
  • mango
  • orange
  • purple
  • red
  • salmon
  • white
  • yellow

Use of color adjectives

  • Ashy skin is usually whitish or grayish in color.
  • She had black hair and eager blue eyes.
  • John noticed a green ribbon on a branch.
  • The girl had icy blue lips, similar to that of a corpse.
  • Lemon colored bridesmaid dresses brighten-up any wedding.
  • Her toenails shine with freshly applied, mango polish.
  • The wings and tail are brown with purple edgings.
  • The forewings are whitish with distinct red markings.
  • There are orange and yellow bands on the abdomen.

Condition adjectives list

  • alive
  • better
  • careful
  • clever
  • dead
  • easy
  • famous
  • gifted
  • hallowed
  • helpful
  • important
  • inexpensive
  • mealy
  • mushy
  • odd
  • poor
  • powerful
  • rich
  • shy
  • tender
  • unimportant
  • uninterested
  • vast
  • wrong

Use of Condition adjectives

  • When his wife gave birth to a son, he was the proudest man alive .
  • We're hoping for better results tomorrow.
  • She was a very careful worker.
  • Gulliver was a clever young man, who loved to travel.
  • Perhaps this is a clever forgery to put us on the wrong scent.
  • It remains Winterhalter's most famous work.
  • He was a gifted pilot, a good fellow, and had both wit and humor in him.
  • As a gifted young woman, she excelled academically and exhibited leadership.
  • Of the three, she is perhaps the most gifted painter.
  • Standing on the hallowed precincts of the quarter-deck, they were careful not to speak.
  • Her work has made her an important role model.
  • Everyone was searching for an easy, inexpensive solution to the problem.
  • He abhors mushy bananas and mealy peaches.
  • Rambutan is an odd fruit that looks like a furry strawberry.
  • The poor peasants were forced to sell the young girls to the powerful communist party leaders.
  • The shy girls from the village had very little experience with men.
  • The village girls had tender skin which was very sensitive to the touch.
  • I saw the tender regard which he cast upon her.
  • Shahar claims to be uninterested in the theory of feminism.

Positive Personality adjectives list

  • aggressive
  • agreeable
  • ambitious
  • brave
  • calm
  • delightful
  • eager
  • faithful
  • gentle
  • happy
  • jolly
  • kind
  • lively
  • nice
  • obedient
  • polite
  • proud
  • silly
  • thankful
  • victorious
  • witty
  • wonderful
  • zealous

Use of positive personality adjectives

  • John has an agreeable character.
  • She has an affectionate boyfriend.
  • He has a charismatic personality.
  • “Don't cry,'' said the gentle Mr. Lorry.
  • They were a proud family, heir to a long and distinguished lineage.
  • I enjoyed the classes given by Gangya, a jolly dance teacher.
  • We must not expect a lively young man to be always so guarded and circumspect.

Negative Personality adjectives list

  • angry
  • bewildered
  • clumsy
  • defeated
  • embarrassed
  • fierce
  • grumpy
  • helpless
  • itchy
  • jealous
  • lazy
  • mysterious
  • nervous
  • obnoxious
  • panicky
  • pitiful
  • repulsive
  • scary
  • thoughtless
  • uptight
  • worried

Use of negative personality adjectives

  • Ron was an clumsy character.
  • He was an angry young man.
  • The jealous girl always caused problems at school.
  • The mysterious illness arrived on a boat from the far east.
  • The thoughtless boy made an imprudent request.
  • Crammed with blood and violence, it was the most repulsive movie I've ever seen.

Shape adjectives list

  • broad
  • chubby
  • crooked
  • curved
  • deep
  • flat
  • high
  • hollow
  • low
  • narrow
  • refined
  • round
  • shallow
  • skinny
  • square
  • steep
  • straight
  • wide

Use of shape adjectives

  • A small, dim, crooked shop, kept in a tortuous thoroughfare, by a crooked man.
  • The dense, untouched forest overhung both banks of the narrow little crack.
  • “What a lovely, refined staircase,'” said Chateau Renaud with a smile.
  • Sediment may be deposited to any thickness and extent over a shallow bottom.
  • Iggy was a six feet tall and skinny young boy.

Size adjectives list

  • big
  • colossal
  • fat
  • gigantic
  • great
  • huge
  • immense
  • large
  • little
  • mammoth
  • massive
  • microscopic
  • miniature
  • petite
  • puny
  • scrawny
  • short
  • small
  • tall
  • teeny
  • tiny

Use of size adjectives

  • Christie Pitts has a mammoth plaster sculpture in his front yard.
  • The building had a huge entry, and was altogether of colossal dimensions.
  • There was a feeling of being lifted out of one's puny self to something bigger.
  • The deer passed across the narrow lane, and disappeared into the forest.
  • A virus is one type of microscopic parasite that infects cells in biological organisms.

Sound adjectives list

  • crashing
  • deafening
  • echoing
  • faint
  • harsh
  • hissing
  • howling
  • loud
  • melodic
  • noisy
  • purring
  • quiet
  • rapping
  • raspy
  • rhythmic
  • screeching
  • shrilling
  • squeaking
  • thundering
  • tinkling
  • wailing
  • whining
  • whispering

Use of sound adjectives

  • He has a slurred and screeching speech, and is clumsy and flailing in his movement.
  • She was renowned for her quick wit, raspynarrow voice, and ever-present cigarettes.
  • After hearing the faint sound, he had an expression of perplexity as though he were trying to reconcile some doubts in his mind.
  • He added a melodic passage for an acoustic guitar in the third verse of the song.
  • He was a happy boy before that dark day which arrived with a deafening thud upon humanity's collective cranium.

Time adjectives list

  • ancient
  • brief
  • early
  • fast
  • future
  • late
  • long
  • modern
  • old
  • old-fashioned
  • prehistoric
  • quick
  • rapid
  • short
  • slow
  • swift
  • young

Use of time adjectives

  • The flight had a long delay.
  • There was a short delay on the road because of an accident.

Taste adjectives list

  • acidic
  • bitter
  • cool
  • creamy
  • delicious
  • disgusting
  • fresh
  • greasy
  • juicy
  • hot
  • moldy
  • nutritious
  • nutty
  • putrid
  • rancid
  • ripe
  • rotten
  • salty
  • savory
  • sour
  • spicy
  • spoiled
  • stale
  • sweet
  • tangy
  • tart
  • tasteless
  • tasty
  • yummy

Use of taste adjectives

  • I had a taste of a deliciously creamy coffee.
  • The cheese souffle had a savory crust.
  • She selected a ripe apple from the shelf.
  • He ate the nutritious fresh lettuce.

Touch adjectives list

  • breezy
  • bumpy
  • chilly
  • cold
  • cool
  • cuddly
  • damaged
  • damp
  • dirty
  • dry
  • flaky
  • fluffy
  • freezing
  • greasy
  • hot
  • icy
  • loose
  • melted
  • prickly
  • rough
  • shaggy
  • sharp
  • slimy
  • sticky
  • strong
  • tight
  • uneven
  • warm
  • weak
  • wet
  • wooden

Use of touch adjectives

  • This is a black spider with a velvety texture.
  • There had been rain all day, and there was a damp feeling in the air.
  • The insect has a strong preference for trees with fine flaky bark.
  • The dense, small prickly plant is usually less than a metre high.
  • Many succulent plants cannot endure a damp climate.
  • I tripped on the uneven floor almost breaking my arm.

Quantity adjectives list

  • abundant
  • billions
  • enough
  • few
  • full
  • hundreds
  • incalculable
  • limited
  • little
  • many
  • most
  • millions
  • numerous
  • scarce
  • some
  • sparse
  • substantial
  • thousands

Use of quantity adjectives

  • Evidently, there is abundant fascination with this “sport”.
  • There were numerous complaints before the institution of those regulations.
  • I had allowed him such a limited time; I thought he might have a fit.
  • It also occurs where water seems unlimited but where nutrients are scarce.
  • He was the most-gifted student.
  • She has few friends.
  • I received the most awards in the school.
  • I have little interest in the topic.

Trends in the use of adjectives

This graph shows the trends in the use of ‘glamorous’ by country. You can compare with this graph which indicates the trends in the use of ‘attractive’ by country.

Use of adjectives in American English

This Ngram indicates the use of ‘beautiful’ and ‘gorgeous’ in American books, journals, and magazines.

Use of adjectives in British English

This Ngram indicates the use of ‘attractive’ and ‘muscular’ in British books, journals, and magazines.

More example sentences using adjectives

  • It hushed the eloquent, struck down the powerful, abolished the beautiful and good.
  • I was sure you could not be so beautiful for nothing!
  • Great pictures have been made of beautiful people in beautiful clothes and of squalid people in ugly clothes, of beautiful architectural buildings and the ugly hovels of the poor.
  • He has worked on numerous films with Steven Spielberg.
  • After the war, he traveled and went on numerous safaris.
  • The soundtrack included numerous songs, including:
  • The surnames which derive from a nickname are numerous and varied.
  • When the days of autumn are bright and cool, and the nights are chilly but not freezing, the brightest colorations usually develop.
  • Dordrecht has a subtropical highland climate ("Cwb", according to the Köppen climate classification), with warm summers and chilly, dry winters, with occasional snowfalls.
  • But, when the place was left behind, and especially when Steerforth and I were happily seated over our dinner by a blazing fire, it was delicious to think of having been there.
  • That when Miss Murdstone took her into custody and led her away, she smiled and gave me her delicious hand.
  • As I stood there in the gathering dark I thought that in this simple explanation I had mastered the problem of the world--mastered the whole secret of these delicious people.
  • Her childish way was the most delicious way in the world to me, but it was necessary to be explicit, and I solemnly repeated: 'Dora, my own life, I am your ruined David!'
  • So, the close of every week was a delicious time for me; and I got through the rest of the week by looking forward to it.
  • To an unfortunate bachelor of a fellow who has lived alone all his life, you know, it's positively delicious.

Additional example sentences using adjectives

  • The beautiful form and color of the cloud seem to be unobserved.
  • The variations in a beautiful drawing are so subtle as often to defy detection.
  • The most beautiful profiles are usually those in which variety is subordinated to the unity of the contor.
  • They are very numerous and very loud, though, are they not?
  • But these within the ice are not so numerous nor obvious as those beneath.
  • The hunters were formerly a numerous and merry crew here.
  • I sat down to my brown loaf, my egg, and my rasher of bacon, with a basin of milk besides, and made a most delicious meal.
  • I was in the middle state between sleeping and waking, either then or immediately afterwards; for, as he resumed--it was a real fact that he had stopped playing--I saw and heard the same old woman ask Mrs. Fibbitson if it wasn't delicious (meaning the flute), to which Mrs. Fibbitson replied, 'Ay, ay!
  • I am lost in the recollection of this delicious interview, and the waltz, when she comes to me again, with a plain elderly gentleman who has been playing whist all night, upon her arm, and says: 'Oh!
  • So in dreams, have I seen majestic Satan thrusting forth his tormented colossal claw from the flame Baltic of Hell.
  • But not a bit daunted, Queequeg steered us manfully; now sheering off from this monster directly across our route in advance; now edging away from that, whose colossal flukes were suspended overhead, while all the time, Starbuck stood up in the bows, lance in hand, pricking out of our way whatever whales he could reach by short darts, for there was no time to make long ones.
  • Rather carried down alive to wondrous depths, where strange shapes of the unwarped primal world glided to and fro before his passive eyes; and the miser-merman, Wisdom, revealed his hoarded heaps; and among the joyous, heartless, ever-juvenile eternities, Pip saw the multitudinous, God-omnipresent, coral insects, that out of the firmament of waters heaved the colossal orbs.
  • But as the colossal skull embraces so very large a proportion of the entire extent of the skeleton; as it is by far the most complicated part; and as nothing is to be repeated concerning it in this chapter, you must not fail to carry it in your mind, or under your arm, as we proceed, otherwise you will not gain a complete notion of the general structure we are about to view.
  • Typical ichthyosaurs had very large eyes, protected within a bony ring, suggesting that they may have hunted at night or at great depths (the only extant animals with similarly large eyes are the giant and colossal squids).
  • Titanisaur is a colossal dinosaur/dragon monster that serves Captain Mutiny.
  • But still the 1895 edition of was not the colossal triumph that has been accepted as fact in modern times.
  • They are typically life-sized, though early colossal examples are up to 3 meters tall.

How to use adjectives in a sentence

  • However, some beautiful things have been done with it.
  • Many wonderful and beautiful things have been done with this simple means.
  • Both have been reprinted numerous times.
  • There are numerous upgrade criteria to choose from.
  • Cavalieri has received numerous literary awards.
  • But one thing thou wilt not deny, Sancho; when thou camest close to her didst thou not perceive a Sabaean odour, an aromatic fragrance, a, I know not what, delicious, that I cannot find a name for; I mean a redolence, an exhalation, as if thou wert in the shop of some dainty glover?"
  • After tea, when the door was shut and all was made snug (the nights being cold and misty now), it seemed to me the most delicious retreat that the imagination of man could conceive.
  • The building had a huge entry, and was altogether of colossal dimensions.
  • Well, one very hot morning--my fourth, I think--as I was seeking shelter from the heat and glare in a colossal ruin near the great house where I slept and fed, there happened this strange thing: Clambering among these heaps of masonry, I found a narrow gallery, whose end and side windows were blocked by fallen masses of stone.
  • Then we came to a gallery of simply colossal proportions, but singularly ill-lit, the floor of it running downward at a slight angle from the end at which I entered.
  • It was a sight to see Queequeg seated over against Tashtego, opposing his filed teeth to the Indian's: crosswise to them, Daggoo seated on the floor, for a bench would have brought his hearse-plumed head to the low carlines; at every motion of his colossal limbs, making the low cabin framework to shake, as when an African elephant goes passenger in a ship.

The use of adjectives in a sentence

  • The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful.
  • A lake is the landscape's most beautiful and expressive feature.
  • Both athletes are given numerous, violent punches.
  • He was the author of numerous articles and several books.
  • It is also a common name in numerous other countries.
  • All were agreed upon one point, however: if Congress would make a sufficient appropriation, a colossal benefit would result.
  • This was a colossal combination of robbers, horse thieves, negro stealers, and counterfeiters, engaged in business along the river some fifty or sixty years ago.
  • To such a man a funeral is a colossal financial disaster.
  • It was perfect, it was rounded, symmetrical, complete, colossal!
  • Franz had so managed his route, that during the ride to the Colosseum they passed not a single ancient ruin, so that no preliminary impression interfered to mitigate the colossal proportions of the gigantic building they came to admire.
  • He thought several times of the project the count had of visiting Paris; and he had no doubt but that, with his eccentric character, his characteristic face, and his colossal fortune, he would produce a great effect there.
  • A colossal figure, carved apparently in some white stone, loomed indistinctly beyond the rhododendrons through the hazy downpour.
  • Tied by the head to the stern, and by the tail to the bows, the whale now lies with its black hull close to the vessel's and seen through the darkness of the night, which obscured the spars and rigging aloft, the two--ship and whale, seemed yoked together like colossal bullocks, whereof one reclines while the other remains standing.

Practice the use of English adjectives

  • How much more beautiful than our lives, how much more transparent than our characters, are they!
  • Somebody else muttered`Oh, it was done beautiful BEAUTIFUL!'
  • The fine new homes are noble and beautiful and modern.
  • Numerous different series have been issued since then.
  • Today, the Schenkenberg is surrounded by numerous vineyards.
  • Polaco wrestled for numerous independent promotions.
  • It has also been the site of numerous car accidents.
  • Deltaville is also home to numerous retirees.

More types of adjectives

  • The walls would have had numerous stone lined openings.
  • The park hosts numerous theater and other events.
  • In the cool season it can get decidedly chilly: it is one of the few places in Thailand that ever gets down to zero degrees Celsius.
  • Seasons are fairly well defined, and in most of Uruguay spring is usually damp, cool, and windy; summers are warm; autumns are mild; and winters are chilly and uncomfortably damp.
  • A winter warm spell can be abruptly broken by a strong pampero, a chilly and occasionally violent wind blowing north from the Argentine pampas.
  • It would be such a delicious scheme; and I dare say would hardly cost anything at all. Solitude This is a delicious evening, when the whole body is one sense, and imbibes delight through every pore.
  • We had dinner on a ground veranda over the water the chief dish the renowned fish called the pompano, delicious as the less criminal forms of sin.
  • At length the boat touched the shore, but without effort, without shock, as lips touch lips; and he entered the grotto amidst continued strains of most delicious melody.
  • Every delicious fruit that the four quarters of the globe could provide was heaped in vases from China and jars from Japan.
  • Haidee is almost as civilized as a Parisian; the smell of an Havana is disagreeable to her, but the tobacco of the East is a most delicious perfume, you know.
  • In a month you will find on the table, at which we shall be then sitting, good pistols and a delicious draught; but, on the other hand, you must promise me not to attempt your life before that time.
  • A delicious zephyr played along the coasts of the Mediterranean, and wafted from shore to shore the sweet perfume of plants, mingled with the fresh smell of the sea.
  • Morrel, overpowered, turned around in the arm chair; a delicious torpor permeated every vein.
  • Never have I read anything more refined, anything more after the ancient type, anything more delicious, anything more Latin.
  • They are the lightest and smallest category of air compressors available in market with no air storage tank and runs of direct supply of compressed air.

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10 adjective words - answer to Uchi.ru

Answer or solution3

B

Eat, sleep, dream, rejoice, have fun, be sad, love, live, sympathize, do, run, walk, write, read, shout.

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What is an adjective

Since elementary school, children in Russian language lessons are told about such an important part of speech as an adjective. But, unfortunately, not everyone knows and remembers what it is?

An adjective is an independent part of speech that denotes a sign or quality of an object. The following questions are characteristic of the adjective name: what, what, what, what, whose, whose, whose? In order to put this part of speech in the initial form, it is necessary to make it stand in the masculine, singular and nominative case.

Discharges of adjectives

It is customary to distinguish three types of adjectives:

  1. Qualitative - they indicate certain and specific qualities of objects, and also have degrees of comparison.
  2. Possessive - such adjectives indicate the attribute of an object by its belonging, characteristic questions for such a category: whose, whose, whose?
  3. Relative - express and show the relationship of one object to another.

In total, in Russian it is customary to distinguish two forms of adjectives, they are represented by a short and full form. Short adjectives, as a rule, act as a predicate in a sentence. Full adjectives, in most cases, act as a definition and are underlined with a wavy line.

In addition to all of the above, adjectives, like other parts of speech, have permanent and non-permanent features. The constants include the following: category - qualitative, relative or possessive, degree of comparison, and form - full or short. It is customary to attribute the following to non-permanent signs: case, gender and number. It is worth noting the fact that the adjective is always associated with the noun, and this means that it is in the same gender and number as the noun.

Examples of adjectives: autumn, beautiful, beautiful, yesterday, grandfather, wonderful, risky, bluish, morning, cheerful, changeable, poisonous, big, orange and so on.

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Big, huge, gigantic, healthy, small, small, tiny, midget, miserable, tiny;

Handsome, attractive, pretty, pretty, cute, nice, scary, nasty, nasty, disgusting;

Interesting, entertaining, curious, informative, useful, important, boring, meaningless, stupid, monotonous;

Red, blue, green, white, yellow, violet, orange, sky blue, pink, grey.

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Morphology of the Russian language 1: nouns, adjectives, pronouns

The adjective is an inflected part of speech that usually denotes a sign (of an object, person, thing), and is also semantically and grammatically related to a noun or pronoun, the meanings or characteristics of which are clarified:

  • HouseØ new , large , wooden , spacious , beautiful , cozy , ... blue
  • Room light , large , spacious , children's room , small , blue ...
  • Sea warm , salty , huge , deep , Black , beautiful , blue

Since the word house is masculine, adjectives get the endings -y/-y/-oy , because the word room is feminine, adjectives get the endings -th / -ye , because the word sea is neuter, adjectives get the endings -th / -ee .

Usually, adjectives form phrases like agreement with nouns or pronouns, i.e. one word in such a phrase is the main one and determines the grammatical categories of the second word, therefore all grammatical categories of adjectives depend on the grammatical categories of nouns or pronouns. Adjectives can be defined grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural) , case , as well as degree of comparison - a category that is typical for adjectives and adverbs (for more see 8 Degrees of comparison of adjectives) Degrees of comparison can only have adjectives that denote a non-permanent, changing feature, as well as a feature that can be measured, for example. large , thick , tall , dark , long ..

The grammatical dependence of adjectives on nouns is complete (see examples above), which means that adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number and case, but in the plural gender differences are erased and only two endings are possible for all adjectives : new houses / rooms / sea , large houses / rooms / sea , blue houses / rooms / sea .

In modern Russian, in addition to inflected adjectives, there are also non-inflected adjectives (or in other words, adjectives without a morphological characteristic), which include words like burgundy , khaki , beige , flash (we are talking about, in mostly about borrowed words).

Examples from the Russian National Corpus:

  • In England's war with them, the color uniform khaki was first used. [Intellectual games "Z-S" // "Knowledge is power", 2003]
  • Sewn in a trapezoid, to the floor, with large sleeves raglan , he greatly enlarged the stage silhouette. [Sati Spivakova. Not everything (2002)]
  • But now he has an exceptional apartment, simply a general's, suite . [Yuri Trifonov. Exchange (1969)]

Adjectives are most often formed using the suffix method ( Glass Yann -th , wood Yann , RINE Liv , children SK II ), prefixal ( Ultra , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , s for Polar , Pre Red ) or suffix-preservation ( school , at Mor SK , for N N n n n 0067 ). New adjectives are also formed by adding ( railway , Russian-Czech , light brown ), non-morphological connection of two words: undersigned persons = undersigned , above address = or so-called. adjectivation (transition of participles into adjectives), for example. outstanding successes , laughing eyes .

From a syntactical point of view, adjectives usually perform the function of defining either the nominal part of the predicate.

6.1 Lexico-grammatical groups (categories) of adjectives

According to their meaning, adjectives in Russian are divided into three lexical and grammatical categories:

  • quality adjectives ( cheerful , smart , big , small ),
  • relative adjectives ( iron , stone , rustic ),
  • possessive adjectives

High -quality adjectives indicate high -quality features of the subject, faces or things : Form and position ( straight , steep ), dimensions ( low - high , large - small , narrow narrow - wide ), characteristic ( strong - weak , cold - hot , Sweet - Gorky ), character traits ( Evil - good , gullible - - - - - - , suspicious ), physiological and intellectual characteristics ( sick - healthy , young - old , smart - stupid ).

Due to the fact that qualitative adjectives denote a changing, non-permanent feature, these adjectives have degrees of comparison , for example. high - above ( over / less high ) - highest ( highest / above all , above all ). Other for degrees of comparison, see 8.

Qualitative adjectives can have short and long forms , eg. sick - sick , young - young , smart - smart , other. for short and long forms, see 7.

High -quality adjectives can form phrases with words very , very , much , is extremely , not at all , not and others: very large very smart , is much more strong , extremely interesting , is by no means stupid .

Relative adjectives , in contrast to qualitative ones, designate a constant, unchanging feature , therefore these adjectives do not have degrees of comparison. Relative adjectives designate a sign through the relation of a given object (person) to other objects, signs, states, for example. student residence (= "student residence"), reading room (= "reading room / where one can read"), morning newspaper (= "newspaper that came out / comes out in the morning").

Most relative adjectives are formed from nouns, hence the meaning of relative adjectives - "the designation of a feature through the relationship of a given object (person) to other objects, features, states": -sk-), eye doctor , wooden table , silverware , plastic window .

Relative adjectives can only have a full form, i.e. marine , eye , wooden etc.

Relative adjectives include adjectives denoting materials, colors, etc.: glass , leather , blue , lilac , black , green .

Possessive adjectives designate an individual or generic affiliation, an individual or generic attribute, for example. Petin suit , fox hole , mother's bag . Usually these adjectives answer the question whose ? (cf .: qualitative and relative adjectives answer the question which one?) and have their own special indicators:

  • special suffixes -ov- , -in- , -ij- (-j-) : fathers , sisters , foxes ,
  • In the nominative case of the only and multiple number of possessive adjectives, the end of short forms appears: fathers , sisters , foxes - Firing , Sisters , Ottsovo , of Ottsovo , of Ottsovo . - fathers , sisters , foxes .

Russian surnames with Formant -, - / -yn- in their origin are attractive adjectives ( Petrov , Kozlov , Vdovin , Kuritsyn ).

Forms ending in -ov- , -in- in Russian compete with genitive forms : father's shoes - father's shoes , mother's bag - mother's bag , Natasha's coat - Natasha's coat . In modern Russian, possessive constructions with the genitive case are used much more often than possessive adjective forms, i.e. father's shoes , mother's bag , Natasha's coat .

Czech type combinations Gorkého ulice , Puškinův institut ruského jazyka , Masarykova univerzita are translated into Russian either using the possessive construction with the genitive case , or using a special construction with the word named after : Gorkogo street , Pushkin Institute of the Russian Language , Masaryk University 6 Avšak Karlova univerzita = Charles University . . Constructions with the word named after are often written in abbreviated form: Pushkin , University. Masaryk .

Examples from the Russian National Corpus:

  • But such glare all around, so non-fussy unrestored, homely, district Gogol street , so good that you can do it without coffee. [Tatyana Solomatina. My Odessa language (2011)]
  • Library named after May 1 was opened after reconstruction on Gagarin Square in Moscow. [Vyacheslav Surikov. Culture // Expert, 2015]

The boundaries between the lexical and grammatical categories of adjectives are mobile , which means that as a result of semantic development or polysemy, adjectives can move from one lexical and grammatical category to another. Most often, relative adjectives go into the category of qualitative ones, for example. golden ring (= gold ring, relative adjective), golden hands (= skilled hands, figurative, qualitative adjective), heart of gold (= kind, quality adjective), golden words (= clever words, quality adjective).

Next, we give an example from the textbook of the modern Russian language (Modern Russian language 2016, 60):

attraction adj. Rel. adj. Quality adj.
bear paw ( lair ) bear coat ( cap ) bear walk , bear service , fox character , fish blood , hare courage etc.
(= "Belongs to the Bear" ) (= "Do not belong to the bear, A made from the bear ")
( fox -fake norae nia ( fox collar )

Tasks

1

Form possessive adjectives from the following phrases.

2

Divide the following adjectives into qualitative and relative, justify your answer.

3

Complete the adjective endings.


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