3 year old play
Development Milestones for Your 3-Year-Old Child
To help understand your 3-year-old‘s development, doctors use certain milestones to tell if your child is developing as expected. There is a wide range of what is considered normal, so some children gain skills earlier or later than others. Toddlers who were born prematurely may reach milestones later. Always talk with your doctor about your child’s progress.
Children at this age love to play games of make-believe. However, their imaginations can sometimes run away with them and even spook them. Listen to your child’s fears and be there to comfort and reassure him or her when needed. There are many other 3-year-old developmental areas and milestones that will be reviewed in this article.
How Much Will My 3-Year-Old Child Grow?
In 3-year-olds, growth is still slow compared to the first year. Most children have become slimmer and lost the rounded tummy of a toddler. While all children may grow at a different rate, the following indicate the average for 3-year-old boys and girls:
- Weight: average gain of about 4 to 6 pounds per year
- Height: average growth of about 2 to 3 inches per year
After age 2, children of the same age can noticeably vary in height and weight. Although kids come in all shapes and sizes, a healthy toddler should continue to grow at a regular pace. The doctor will measure and weigh your child at routine checkups and plot the results on a growth chart. This lets the doctor track your child’s growth over time and spot any trends that need attention. As long as your child is maintaining his or her own rate of growth, there should be no reason to worry. A consultation with your child’s pediatrician is recommended if there is cause for concern.
Helping Kids Grow
Normal growth — supported by good nutrition, plenty of sleep and regular exercise — is one of the best overall indicators of a child’s good health.
Your toddler’s appetite may vary greatly now, which is common. It is also common for some toddlers to get stuck on one food. Food “jags” usually don’t last long if you don’t give in to them. Keep serving a variety of nutritious foods and let your child decide which and how much of them to eat, in order to build healthy eating habits.
Your child’s growth pattern is largely determined by genetics. Pushing children to eat extra food or more than the recommended amounts of vitamins, minerals or other nutrients will not increase their weight. Malnutrition, severe enough to affect growth rate, is uncommon today in the United States and other developed countries unless a child also has a related chronic illness or disorder.
What Can My 3-Year-Old Child Do at This Age?
As your child continues to grow, you will notice new and exciting abilities that develop. While children may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones your child may reach in this age group:
- Runs and jumps easily
- Walks upstairs unassisted
- Rides a tricycle
- Washes and dries hands
- Stacks 10 blocks
- Easily draws straight lines and copies a circle
- Can stand on tip-toes
- Uses spoon well and feeds self
- Dresses and undresses self except for buttons and laces
- Can concentrate on tasks for eight or nine minutes
- Has all 20 primary (“baby”) teeth
- Vision is nearing 20/20
- Bladder and bowel control are usually established; uses potty chair or toilet
- May sleep 11 to 13 hours total, may still take a short afternoon nap
What Can My 3-Year-Old Child Say?
Speech development is very exciting as you watch your child begin to speak clearly and interact with others.
While every child develops speech at his or her own rate, the following are some of the common milestones in this age group:
- Should be able to say about 500 to 900 words between ages 3 to 4 years old
- Speech can be understood by others
- Speaks in two or three word sentences and progresses to four- to five-word sentences
- Can remember simple rhymes or lyrics
- Uses “please” and “thank you”
- Refers to self by using own name
- Names colors
What Does My 3-Year-Old Child Understand?
While children may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones your child may reach in this age group:
- Understands size differences (such as, big and little)
- Understands past tense (yesterday)
- Understands long sentences
- Understands prepositions (on, under, behind)
- Uses pronouns correctly (such as, I, you, he and me)
- Asks “why” constantly
- Counts up to four objects by 4 years old
- Says full name and age
- May have fears of certain things (for example, dark, monster under bed and going down the drain)
- Attempts to solve problems
- Remembers certain events
- Can point to the correct picture when asked a simple question about it
How Does My 3-Year-Old Child Interact With Others?
While every child is unique and will develop different personalities, the following are some of the common behavioral traits that may be present in your child:
- Begins to share and likes to play with other children
- Can take turns
- Temper tantrums are less frequent
- Begins to show feelings in socially acceptable ways
Physical Activities for 3-Year-Olds
At this age, your child is extremely active, mobile and learning in very physical ways.
Children at this age are walking, running, kicking and throwing. They are exploring their world and picking up new skills, like kicking a ball or riding a tricycle.
3-year-olds are naturally active, so be sure to provide ample chances for your child to practice and build on these skills. How much is enough? Physical activity guidelines for toddlers recommend that each day they:
- Get at least 30 minutes of structured (adult-led) physical activity.
- Get at least 60 minutes of unstructured (active free play) physical activity.
- Not be inactive for more than 1 hour at a time except when sleeping.
Family Fitness Tips
Walking, playing, exploring your backyard or using playground equipment at a local park can be fun for the entire family. Also, these games provide fun and fitness for parents and toddlers:
- Walk like a penguin, hop like a frog or imitate other animals’ movements.
- Sit facing each other and hold hands.
Rock back and forth and sing the song “Row, row, row your boat.” - Bend at the waist and touch the ground. Walk your hands forward and inch along like a caterpillar.
- Sit on the ground and let your child step over your legs, or make a bridge with your body and let your child crawl under.
- Play follow the leader, “Ring around the rosy,” and other similar games.
- Listen to music and dance together.
The possibilities are endless — come up with your own active ideas or follow your child’s lead. Focusing on these activities can also help limit the amount of time your child spends watching TV or playing on a computer, tablet or smartphone.
How Long Should My 3-Year-Old Sleep?
A 3-year-old needs about 11-13 hours of sleep total. They may still take a short nap throughout the day, but a child can outgrow naptimes at this age. They do not need exact sleep times, but it is important to help children develop good, consistent habits for going to sleep.
A bedtime routine is a great way to help your 3-year-old get enough sleep. Here are some tips when creating a routine:
- Avoid caffeine or sugar before bed
- Limit food and drink before bedtime
- Include a winding-down period during the half hour before bedtime
Check out our Healthy Sleep for Children for more info.
How Can I Help Increase My 3-Year-Old Child’s Learning And Emotional Security?
Consider the following as ways to foster the emotional security of your 3-year-old:
- Spend time allowing your child to talk with you
- Teach your child how things work
- Encourage play with other children
- Encourage your child to tell you stories
- Listen to your child and show that you are pleased by your child’s talking
- Let your child do as much as possible for himself or herself when getting dressed, brushing teeth, and combing hair
- Have your child help with simple chores such as picking up toys
- Give your child old clothes for “dress up” and allow him or her to pretend being a mom, dad, doctor, cowboy and the like (old sheets or towels can become skirts, capes or turbans.
You can also pretend you are an elephant, butterfly, robot or other characters and play with your child) - Sing songs or nursery rhymes and teach your child the words
- Read stories with your child and ask your child to name pictures in the stories or retell part of the story
- Help your child play with crayon and paper or chalk and chalkboard by showing how to draw circles and lines and then put them together to make a stick figure (make figure faces that are happy, sad or surprised, and talk about the different feeling shown in each picture)
- Let your child build things out of blocks or boxes
- Give your child a safe space to ride a tricycle
- Listen to children’s music with your child and dance
- Practice counting with your child
- Give your child the chance to play games with other children (church groups, YWCA or YMCA recreation centers, or libraries often have preschool programs)
- Put puzzles together with your child
- Let your child have pretend playtime with dolls, cars or toy cooking utensils
- Play hide and seek and follow the leader
- Let your child use his or her imagination by playing with play dough or clay
- Trace your child’s hand or whole body and make a picture
- Show your child you are proud of any artwork and hang it up for display
- Teach your child colors
- Play ball with your child (such as tossing a ball into a box or rolling the ball up and down an incline)
Reviewed by Dr.
Toya Tillis, Pomona Pediatrics, CHOC Primary Care – June 2021
Toys and Play: 3- to 5-Year-Olds
Child Development and Parenting
You can download this article as a PDF (English, Spanish)
Children play from the moment they are born. Play is how they learn about themselves and their world. It is how they develop and practice the physical, thinking and social skills needed in life. These tips will help you choose toys and play activities for your child based on their age or stage of development. Think about sharing them with your child’s other caregivers, too.
3- to 5-year-olds:
- Like to run, jump, climb and balance
- Act out adult jobs with costumes and props
- Begin to share and take turns
- Hate to lose and are not ready for competitive play
- Enjoy simple number and letter activities
- Have more interest in group pretend play
- Like nature, science, time and learning how things work
- Begin to make plans for their play (by about 4 years)
- Can begin to connect pieces in a pattern to make simple models
Toys and activities
Active
- Push and pull toys, like wagons and strollers
- Toys that mimic adult tools, like a vacuum, shopping cart and small wheelbarrow
- Rocking horse
- Tricycle with helmet
- Jump rope (from 5 years)
- Small bike with training wheels, footbrakes and a helmet (from 5 years)
- Balls
- Lightweight, soft baseball and bat
- Lightweight frisbee
- Sand and water play toys
Puzzles
- Up to 20 pieces (from 3 years)
- 20 to 30 pieces (from 4 years)
- Up to 50 pieces (from 5 years)
Construction
- Large and small wood blocks
- Most types of interlocking building systems with pieces of all sizes (like Lego)
Transportation
- Large-scale trucks that dump and dig
- Car sets and cars of all sizes
- Trains with tracks (non-electric)
Make believe
- Dolls with hair and eyes and limbs that move
- Simple-to-use doll clothes and doll house
- Stuffed animals with accessories and simple clothes
- Puppets and theater
- Dress-up clothes and costumes
- Housekeeping and cooking gear
- Toy phone, camera and cash register
- Doctor kit
- Play sets (garage, farm, airport)
Learning toys and games
- Simple board games based on chance, not strategy
- Dominoes (color or number)
- Picture bingo or matching games
- Simple apps or hand-held games for teaching matching, sorting, shapes, colors, numbers and letters
- Science models (check for age level)
- Magnets, flashlight, magnifying glass, clock, prism and terrarium
- Simple calculator
- Books
- Toys that teach how to button, snap and hook
- Nesting toys
Arts, crafts and musical toys
- Crayons, markers and chalk
- Play-Doh
- Scissors with rounded ends
- Paste, glue or glue stick
- Stickers
- Finger and tempera paint, easel and brushes
- Jumbo lacing beads
- Frames and cards to button, hook and lace
- Simple sewing kit with plastic needles
- Felt board
- Work bench, hammer and nails (with adult supervision)
- Rhythm instruments
- Harmonica, horn, whistles and recorder
Safety
Choose toys that meet these safety guidelines for this age:
- Non-toxic materials
- No sharp points or edges
- Non-breakable
- No parts that could trap fingers, toes or hands
- No electrical parts
- No glass or brittle plastic
- No exposed pins, sharp wires or nails
- Don’t allow children to play with toys that have miniature disk or “button” batteries that can be removed easily
Learn more about toy safety and get tips for choosing toys and play activities for children of other ages.
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Outdoor games for schoolchildren
Currently, we can state the formation of stable negative trends in the dynamics of the health status of modern schoolchildren. The incidence is growing, the physical development of children in this age group is deteriorating. Up to 60% of schoolchildren can no longer go in for sports for health reasons. One of the reasons for this situation is a sedentary lifestyle, a lack of physical activity. Outdoor games are a serious and affordable help in solving the problem of children's physical health. Outdoor play is one of the essential needs of a growing child and adolescent. The game implements the active development of the muscular system, the release of accumulated energy, ingenuity and dexterity. The result of an outdoor game for children is not only to win, although this is important, but also to feel the joy of movement, physical effort when overcoming various obstacles in the game. The attractiveness of outdoor games is in their competitive nature, in movement filled with some kind of meaning. Small children especially love outdoor play. Boys and girls of elementary grades do not have a sharp difference in addictions. However, there are still some differences. So, girls are more fond of round dance games with rhythmic movements, boys have some advantage in playing for speed, with elements of wrestling, as well as in games with throwing a ball, bats, etc. at a target and at a distance. Adolescents have the same interests in outdoor games, which is explained by the characteristics of a rapidly growing organism. Each movement in the game serves as an expression of an inner feeling, as it were, the completion of a certain mood of the player. In outdoor games in children, movements are natural, uninhibited. That is why outdoor games are an important source of development. Outdoor games can be of low, medium and high mobility, as well as multifaceted. Children's psychiatrists, faced with health problems, especially mental disorders, make a diagnosis: "Children did not play enough in childhood." There is even such an expression - "playing dystrophy of children." There is a branch of medicine and psychology - game therapy. Play can diagnose and cognize a child, play can approve and encourage a child. With the help of the game, you can correct important mental properties in children, human personal qualities and simply delight children. Game preparation
Protect your play equipment. Make sure that they are always in good condition and beautiful. In order to avoid disputes and strife in the game, lots are thrown. One of the players, for example, holds a pebble in his fist, the other guesses which hand it is in. Guessed - it's true, the end of the argument. 1. Keep your back straight. There is such a game - a competition for good posture. Who can carry a bag of sand on his head 30 steps without dropping it? 2. 3. "We are grasshoppers." Draw different flowers on the playground (roses, daisies, bluebells, tulips, etc.). Jump like grasshoppers on both legs from flower to flower or jump over 1-2 flowers. Wherever you want. 4. Children run two by two along a flat track up to 30m long. Whoever runs to the finish line sooner wins. You can run by jumping over a short rope, hitting the ground with a volleyball or small ball with your hand, driving a puck or kicking a ball with a stick. 5. Owl. One of the players - "owl" (leader) is in a small circle - in the "nest". The rest freely run and jump, depicting bugs, butterflies, frogs. At the words of the leader: “The night is coming!” everyone stops, and the "owl" flies out to hunt. Noticing a moving player, the owl takes him by the hand and takes him to his nest. The leader says, “Day!” and everyone starts moving again. Rules: 1. Owl has no right to watch the same player for a long time. 2. You can’t escape from the owl. 3. If the leader says the word "day" before the owl notices the player moving, then she flies into the nest alone, without prey. 6. Each of the players is in his own small circle - "home". The driver invites the players one by one for a walk - to leave his house. As soon as the driver shouts: "It's raining!", Everyone runs to occupy any free circle. The player left without a circle leads. 7. Everyone, except the driver, is threaded through the collar along the ribbon, the one left without the ribbon becomes the driver. The driver, having caught up with the runaway, pulls out a ribbon from him and threads it through his collar. The player left without a ribbon becomes a tag. 8. 3 bears. 3 players - “bears” climb “to eat honey on trees” (they stand on benches, stumps located in different places). 9. The driver is holding a dove made of paper. The players stand behind the line in front of the leader, who loudly commands: “March!” and launches the dove forward. Players quickly run forward and try to catch a dove in flight. The player who catches the pigeon wins and goes to drive. 10. Players stand near one (common) line. Each of them has a paper airplane in their hands. On a signal, the players launch their planes towards the "landing area" (a circle drawn 20-25 steps from the common line) and run after them until they fall to the ground. Each player picks up their plane and launches it again. Whose plane reaches the landing site first, he will win. 11. Wolf in the Forest . The driver - the "wolf" should hide behind a tree or bush. 12. Lifesaver. One of the players, eyes closed, stands by the magic wand and loudly but slowly counts up to 20. At this time, the rest of the players scatter and hide. After finishing the count, the driver opens his eyes, knocks with a wand and says: “The wand came, did not find anyone,” and goes to look for the hidden players, leaving the wand in place. Noticing the first of them, he loudly says: “ Found the magic wand” (calling the name of the one found) - and runs to the wand. 13. “12 sticks. The driver kicks the free end of the plank with his foot and 12 sticks placed on the other end scatter in different directions. While the leader collects the sticks and puts them back on the edge of the board, all players hide. Then the driver goes to look for the hidden players. At this time, anyone can run out from behind cover, kick the board and shout: “Air!”. Then the driver collects the sticks again, and everyone hides again. If the driver noticed one of the hidden players, he calls his name, runs to the board, hits it, shouts: “Air!” and hides, and the discovered player becomes the driver, and now he has to collect the scattered sticks and look for the hidden players. 14. It is necessary to throw the ball high, high. 15. Round shoe. Players of one team are on both sides of the court and salute the ball to the players of the other team running in the middle of the field. The offending player is out of the game. After all the players have been defeated, the teams change places. 16. Players run around the court, throw the ball to each other and try not to get it into the hands of the driver. As soon as the driver catches the ball, he says loudly: “Stop!” - and throws the ball at one of the players. The salted player goes to lead. The ball flies past - the driver remains the same. 17. Each of the players stand in one of the drawn small circles arranged in a circle. The leader commands: "For a walk!". Everyone leaves the circles inside a large circle and takes a leisurely walk (you can listen to a song you have learned). 18. Gather 10 spruce cones. Place a bullseye target on the stump. Try to hit the bull's-eye with spruce cones. Whoever knocks down the bullseye with fewer throws wins. 19. Plant a capercaillie made of rags on a high branch. Take turns "shoot" at the capercaillie (throw 3 cones). The one who knocked down the capercaillie is the most accurate hunter! Plant the capercaillie on the branch again. The game continues. 20. Fifteen (tags). One of the players - the leader (tag) picks up a bright handkerchief (piece of cloth or ribbon) and before the start of the game stands in the middle of the court. The rest of the players take any places on it. At a predetermined signal, the driver raises his hand with a handkerchief up and shouts loudly: "I'm a tag!". After that, the driver tries to catch up with one of the players and touch with his hand (feel). Rules: 1. The player who is touched by the handkerchief must, before chasing the others, raise his hand with the handkerchief up and shout loudly: "I am a tag." 2. The new tag is not allowed to immediately touch the previous driver, who has just handed over the handkerchief, with his hand. There are different ways to play tag: a) On one side of the playing field, a circle with a diameter of 1m can be drawn. This is the "home" for players to rest. In the house, the driver does not have the right to salt the players. You can't stay in the house for a long time. b) The site can be divided into 2, 3 or even 4 sections. For each of them, one tag is selected, which can only run within its own area. The rest of the players have the right to run around the court. c) 2 drivers are selected who have the right to run around the entire site. In this case, the court is not divided into sections, but 3-4 places for players to rest are allocated on its different sides. d) Triple tags: the player who was touched by the previous driver 3 times in a row, counting: “One, two, three” becomes a new tag. e) Squat Fifteen: must not be touched with the hand of a player who is crouched. e) Spots on one leg: A player standing on one leg and holding the other bent leg with both hands must not be touched by the hand. g) Spots from the ground: the player who does not touch the ground with his feet is safe (stood on a bench, stump, tree root, etc.). h) Fifteen with revenue: if one of the players runs between the runner and the driver, then the fifteen must catch the player who crossed the road. i) Fifteen - notes: the player who touches a wooden, iron, stone (depending on the condition) object (bench, door handle, stone wall, etc.) with his hand is safe. j) Fifteen Christmas trees : you can not salt those players who stood with their backs to each other and spread their arms to the sides and slightly down, depicting a Christmas tree. 21. Burners. Players become pairs one after another, and the driver is in front of them. He needs to be on the lookout. As soon as the guys finish reading the rhyme aloud, the first couple separates their hands and runs forward to reconnect. The driver must have time to catch one of the players, otherwise he will have to drive again. With the one who is caught by the driver, he becomes a couple behind everyone. The other player from the pair becomes the leader. S.Ya. Marshak wrote the following rhyme for the game of burners: Oblique, oblique,
If you shod, Wolves will not find a hare, will not find you a bear, Come to burn, |
Dedovichi 
Some games give a lot of stress to the legs - for example, such as "Classics", games with a skipping rope. Others develop the muscles of the hands - numerous games with the ball, bat, etc. Still others are universal: they “include in the work” the entire body of the child. 
Draw a gradually widening stream on the site. Jump over it, trying to jump over the widest point. 
After 3-4 repetitions, a new owl is assigned. The most dexterous and cautious are the players who have never hit the nest. 
Players arrive - "bees" and try to "sting" (sting) the bears. They run away to their "dens" (circles drawn on the ground). A bee cannot sting in a bear's den. A bear stung more than 3 times is out of the game. 
The guys run around the site and shout: "I'm not afraid of the wolf!". The wolf waits, jumps out of its hiding place at a convenient moment and tries to catch up with one of the guys. Each player has a bunch of grass in their hand. When the player feels that the drag is about to grab them, they can throw the grass on the ground and yell "Your grass, wolf!". The wolf must pick up the grass. In the meantime, he does this, the pursued runs away. You can only throw grass once. The player caught by the wolf is out of the game. Maybe 2 wolves. The last player caught becomes the wolf in the next game. 
The found player also runs towards the wand. If he runs first and has time to say: “Wand help me out!” then it is considered rescued, if it is late, it leaves the game. The driver tries to find all those hiding and take them out of the game. 
Who catches from the summer, he now throws. No one managed to catch - again, as before, throw! Whoever throws the ball more often wins! 
At the command of the head: "To new places!" the players run, and each of them tries to take a new circle. The last player to place is the loser. 
The player, whom the driver taunted, becomes a tag, a handkerchief is handed over to him. The former driver joins the game and, along with the rest of the children, runs and dodges the new tag. 
On each site, one circle can be marked - this is a rest house for players who are tired of running. The player who was touched by the tag becomes the driver in the area where he was touched. 
Another option: you can escape from the tag by holding hands with one of the players. You burn!
22.
