The evening harold

About The evening herald. [volume] (Shenandoah, Pa.) 1891-1966 « Chronicling America « Library of Congress

The Evening Herald

The town of Shenandoah is rooted in the massive beds of anthracite coal located beneath it. This part of northwestern Schuylkill County was settled farmland by 1835, then acquired by 1850 by the Philadelphia Land Company, speculating in future coal mining. Spurred by wartime demand for new coal sources, the company surveyed the land and laid out a town in 1862, naming it Shenandoah, after the nearby creek.

The first colliery (coal mine and outbuildings) opened in Shenandoah in 1862, and coal was being shipped by rail by 1864. Miners and laborers from England, Wales, Ireland, and Eastern Europe poured in to work in the mines, on the railroads, and in secondary industries including textiles and meat-packing. Shenandoah became the only town in Pennsylvania with depots for three major rail companies: the Pennsylvania, the Lehigh Valley, and the Reading railroads. The town was incorporated as a borough in 1866. Shenandoah's population grew to almost 16,000 by the 1890s and passed 20,000 by 1900.

The Shenandoah Herald published its first issue on May 28, 1870, under the editorship of Henry C. Boyer and his brother-in-law, Thomas J. Foster. The Herald initially was eight pages long (later four) and $2 a year. It was politically independent and in its first few years claimed a circulation of 960, while Shenandoah had a population of 2,500.

Henry Boyer was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, but lived in Schuylkill County most of his life. He apprenticed as a printer, served in the Civil War, and then began a newspaper career. Boyer also served as a postmaster, justice of the peace, and railway mail clerk, during and after his association with the Herald. Thomas Foster was associated with the weekly Shenandoah Herald and its affiliates, the Daily Herald (1875-76), which appeared every day except Sunday, and the Evening Herald ( 1876-85), published daily except Sunday). In 1888, Foster left Shenandoah to start a newspaper in Scranton.

The Herald newspapers, both daily and weekly, focused strongly on local and regional industrial news. The circulation of the daily averaged about 1,500, and the weekly 1,400. By 1888, the newspaper had declared itself Republican and by 1899 proclaimed that it published "All the News That’s Fit to Print" (a slogan debuted by the New York Times in 1896). According to an 1881 history of Schuylkill County, the Herald was among the first newspapers to wage war in print ("bold and outspoken in denunciation of them and their crimes") against the secret organization known as the Molly Maguires. The Maguireswere held responsible for various murders and mayhem in the coal patches of Schuylkill and Carbon Counties in the 1870s, culminating in the trial and hanging of twenty of their alleged members.

The Evening Herald was bankrupted by its campaign, albeit successful, against the Molly Maguires, due to the expense of security (Foster received repeated death threats) and other costs. The paper eventually resumed publication, with slight variations in name, settling finally on the title the Evening Herald, which was published daily except Sunday, from 1891 to 1966.

Provided by: Penn State University Libraries; University Park, PA

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Berlioz.

Orchestra: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 4 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 cornets, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, ophicleide , triangle, cymbals, 2 snare drums, timpani, harp, solo viola, strings (at least 61 people).

History of creation

Having received the Prix de Rome in the summer of 1830 after graduating from the Paris Conservatoire, for which Berlioz fought for many years, he leaves for Italy for a year and a half. Upon his return, he will have a triumphant success: 9On December 1832, the final edition of his first mature work, the Fantastic Symphony, premiered, in the program of which the composer spoke passionately and with all sorts of romantic exaggerations about his love for the English actress Henrietta Smithson. On October 3 of the following year, she became his wife.

On December 22, 1833, Paganini was present at one of Berlioz's concerts. He recently returned to Paris after a tour of England, where he bought a magnificent Stradivarius viola. As the French musical newspaper reported the following month, "Paganini asked Berlioz to write for him a new composition in the style of the Fantastic Symphony... This work is entitled The Last Minutes of Mary Stuart. Dramatic Fantasy for orchestra, choir and viola solo." Paganini will perform the viola part at the premiere. nine0005

However, Berlioz, who had a negative attitude towards the genre of solo virtuoso concerto, in his own words, decided to create "a symphony in a new style, and not at all a work written with the aim of showing the brilliance of his (Paganini. - A. K. ) individual talent." Initially, the composer intended to limit himself to two parts, then three, and finally settled on the usual four-part cycle. Berlioz worked quickly, in a calm state of mind, enjoying the happiness of family life in a quiet house in Montmartre. Harold in Italy was completed in six months, on June 22, 1834. On August 14, the young couple had a son, Louis, and on November 15, the premiere of the symphony took place. It was performed in the hall of the Paris Conservatoire conducted by Narcisse Girard, and, out of respect for the composer, the orchestra agreed to play for free. The soloist was Chrétien Ouran, a famous French virtuoso, the first violinist of the Conservatory Concert Society and the first violist of the Grand Opera. Despite the not very successful performance (due to the fault of the conductor), the symphony was a success, and the second movement was repeated at the request of the public, among which were Liszt and Chopin, Hugo and Dumas, Heine and Eugene Sue. The next day, reviews appeared - both laudatory and abusive, and in the evening Berlioz received a letter in which an anonymous author reproached him for his lack of courage - the composer should have shot himself after the premiere! However, every year the success of the symphony strengthened, especially after Berlioz himself began to conduct it. And at the concert on December 16, 1838, where the Fantastic Symphony and Harold in Italy were performed under the direction of the author, Paganini was again present. Shocked, at the end of the concert, to the thunderous applause of the audience and the orchestra, he knelt down in front of the composer. nine0005

"Harold in Italy" is dedicated to Berlioz's close friend, the poet Amber Ferrand, who supposedly had the idea of ​​choosing Byron's poem "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" as a program. The motives of her fourth song, which tells about the hero's wanderings in Italy, intertwined with the composer's own memories of Italian impressions of 1831-1832 - about visiting monasteries and folk festivals, traveling to the Abruzzi mountains. Italy appeared before him - unlike Mendelssohn, who was there in those same years and met with Berlioz - a romantic country, with wild nature and unbridled morals: “Volcanoes, rocks, serpentine slopes, rich booty buried in caves, a concert of screams of horror , accompanied by an orchestra of pistols and carbines, blood and wine "The Tear of Christ", a bed of lava, lulled by earthquakes ... "In his Memoirs, Berlioz wrote that he "wanted to liken the viola to a melancholic dreamer in the spirit of Childe Harold, placing him among poetic memories left over from . .. wanderings in the Abruzzi. Hence the name "Harold in Italy". nine0005

This use of a solo instrument, coupled with the theme entrusted to it, which changes little throughout the symphony, is an unprecedented solution that brings the symphony closer to an opera, where a certain leitmotif belongs to the hero. Borrowed from Byron, Harold is significantly rethought and interpreted as a generalized romantic image. According to Liszt, who devoted a major study to the symphony 20 years later, Berlioz saw in Harold "an exile who cannot escape from himself and who is driven from place to place by 'the poison of life, the demon of thought'". On the other hand, the composer brings the symphonic genre closer to the concert genre, and he also acts as an innovator in the choice of a solo instrument - there were no viola concertos in the 19th century. Like the Fantastic Symphony, each movement has a title, but, unlike it, the program is limited to this. nine0005

Music

The first part of — “Harold in the mountains. Scenes of melancholy, happiness and joy. It is divided into two large sections. Melancholy reigns in the adagio, which paints a portrait of the hero. The fugato begins with two gloomy chromatic themes in a low register, then the woodwinds sing the minor theme wide, setting up Harold's entry. The soloist alto expounds the same theme, but in major (it will appear in this form in subsequent parts). "Scenes of happiness and joy", the contrasting melancholy of the romantic hero, form a sonata allegro. These pictures of folk fun are united by a swift dance movement in the elastic rhythm of the saltarella. In the reprise, an adagio melody is superimposed on the dance theme by the solo viola, supported by wind instruments, as if the hero seeks to merge with the crowd, to dissolve in it, captured by the universal fun, which is confirmed at the end of the movement in the jubilant unisons of tutti. nine0005

The second movement of — "Procession of Pilgrims Singing Evening Prayer" — is one of the most poetic examples of Berlioz's music, rich in subtle coloristic effects. In the evening twilight, the ringing of bells is barely audible. From afar, gradually approaching, a pilgrim's chorale is heard, the melody is sung first by violins, then by violas with bassoons; strict variations are formed in the measured rhythm of the procession with sharp-sounding harmonies unusual for that time. Among the episodes is a genuine melody of an old Catholic chant, designated by Berlioz as “religious singing”: chords of wooden and stringed instruments with mute, alternately compared, imitate the sound of an organ, as if coming from a monastery. In another episode, the theme of the adagio of the first movement is superimposed on the march of the pilgrims (clarinet and horn join the solo viola), but the themes are so different that they cannot merge together. This is how the main idea of ​​the symphony is revealed: the world of the pilgrims, sublime, simple and harsh, is alien to the restless soul of the hero - he is destined to be forever alone. nine0005

The third part of — “Serenade of a highlander from Abruzzo to his beloved” — is another picture of Italian life, the memory of which the composer kept in his Memoirs. He describes a kind of concerto, a serenade heard one night in the Abruzzi, and talks about pifferari - “itinerant musicians who descend from the mountains ... with bagpipes and pifferi (a kind of oboe) ... Bagpipes accompanied by a large piffero blowing bass , displays a harmony consisting of two or three notes, against which a piffero of medium length performs a melody; and above all this two small, very short pifferi... tremble in trills and cadences and flood the artless song with a shower of bizarre ornaments. It is this ensemble that is heard in the introductory tunes assigned to the piccolo flute and the solo oboe (or, to choose from, the English horn), accompanied by the sustained rhythm of violas and woodwind fifths. And at the same time, the rapid dance movement of this opening sequence echoes the "scenes of joy" of the first part. A serenade is sung by an English horn, accompanied by a guitar accompaniment of strings. Then other wind instruments join the horn, the solo viola interweaves its voice with the adagio theme, contrasting themes are combined in a simultaneous sound. The theme of the hero gets an unexpected development, the viola sounds tense and mournful in the upper register. The carefree melody of the pifferari makes one forget about sadness, but then an amazing transformation occurs: the viola intones not Harold's theme (it sounds barely audible in violins, flute, harp harmonics), but the highlander's serenade. The hero makes a last attempt to merge with the outside world, to know its uncomplicated joys. nine0005

The finale of is called “Orgy of Robbers. Memories of previous scenes. The frantic theme of strings in unison that opens it, characterizing the robbers, will invade the themes of the previous movements that float like memories: these are the chromatic fugato motifs with which the symphony began, the procession of the pilgrims, the highlander's serenade, the saltarella of the first movement, and finally, Harold's leitmotif. A similar technique of including the themes of the preceding movements, "rejected" by the theme of the finale, is borrowed from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. All themes are heard at the solo viola, giving a reason to present the hero as a witness to an orgy during which he indulges in memories. In the Memoirs, Berlioz notes that in the finale “there is a simultaneous intoxication with wine, blood, happiness and anger”, here “they drink, laugh, fight, crush, kill, rape and still have fun”, and the dreamer Harold, “fleeing in fear from this orgy, sings a hymn to the evening sky. (In the coda, the theme of pilgrims reappears in the ghostly sound of two solo violins and a cello playing offstage.) But, unlike Fantastic, the author does not specify the stages of the hero's life, and the listener is free to think of its denouement. Did Harold become a victim of robbers and - as Liszt colorfully tells in his study - fearlessly accepted a cup of poison from their hands? Or, bored with inaction and loneliness, having found neither heavenly consolations nor earthly entertainments, decided to join the bandits and find oblivion in terrible crimes? In any case, the finale of "Harold in Italy" is crowned with a picture of an unbridled orgy. nine0005

A. Kenigsberg

Publications

Yuri Bashmet: “To throw a snowball at Nikita Mikhalkov” 01/15/2004 at 11:30

Chapters from books

Berlioz. Symphony "Harold in Italy" (classic-music.ru)

Read "Olive Branch" - Kosmolinskaya Vera Petrovna "Harold Brand" - Page 16

— It's not boring with you here… — Gauthier croaked, lowering to the floor heavy body. Raoul touched the victim's carotid artery and, cursing, tugged at his hair in annoyance, throwing the gun away. nine0005 — Damn it!.. Gauthier immediately understood what was happening, quickly removed Michel, who snatched out a useless vial of smelling salts and, putting the priest on the floor more evenly, began to help Raoul take resuscitation measures. Although I do not think that both of them perfectly imagined what to do if he suddenly came to his senses. It didn't interest me too much either and I tried, like Michel, to give advice, but be that as it may, after a few minutes, Raul gave up and sat on the floor, taking a breath. nine0005 - Dead!.. Who would have thought... At his age and so many blows to the head... No, something is wrong. After the infernal myrrh, Father Francis was supposed to become not only practically insensible, but also more viable. "My heart failed," I said. Both Raoul and Gauthier stared at me as if I myself had a bad head. Raul picked up the ill-fated pistol from the floor and raised it in bewilderment. I nervously waved my good hand. I haven't been able to sleep in a long time. “That was before you. Something happened. He began to shake as soon as he grabbed his weapon. Some internal conflict. nine0005 — What other conflict? Raoul muttered. "If he was ordered to kill you, he wouldn't have any conflict anymore!" — Did you suspect that there was something wrong with him? Apparently not, since they let him in here. "That's right," said Gauthier. with a sigh, releasing a stiff hand. He was the same as usual. - And he didn't respond to the password, right? - and how many more there may be, not responding. And especially among friends, who will now begin a real hunt ... - No response. - He is not like other guardians. An individual subtle program in which there could be some kind of internal contradiction ... - I know what a contradiction! Raul grimaced and hit his forehead. He just didn't kill you! And since he could not do this, it brought him into an insoluble conflict and killed him. That's what happened! Everyone fell silent in shock, looking at the lifeless body of the good-natured priest. Michel suddenly sniffed loudly and slid down the bedpost to the floor. nine0005 “Oh my God…” he whispered in horror. “He was, he was… “He was a very good man,” Gauthier confirmed muffledly. — What should we do now?.. — Remove the body… Probably, deliver it to his home. And it's better for no one to know what really happened. As no one should know what he was turned into... Michel shuddered violently. - Father Francis! Priest! Did we kill the priest?. . Raoul shook his head grimly and ominously. nine0005 - If you like counting like that, then it's all the same, not "we", but me! he said. "Now, let's get down to business." They grabbed Father Francis under the armpits and dragged him away. Diana and Isabella parted silently, letting the funeral procession pass, and entered the room. - Crazy! - Diana muttered, looking around in confusion - on the table there were still the remains of a sweet pie half-eaten by the guest, overturned chairs and an open velvet case with a fallen stiletto were lying on the floor. nine0005 Isabella shook her head, looked at the hole in the headboard, and came over to brush the broken wood from my pillow. “It looks like Lynn is still pretty delusional about me,” I said. I had to somehow hide my shock. IV. Evening chimes The disgusting sticky fainting hardly resembled a dream. And how could you sleep after what happened? What was actually done to the poor priest? They carried it out of here without wrapping it in a carpet. Yes, and it would be strange if he never left the house. Did they announce that he had a stroke? Especially since it's true? nine0005 It looks like I really just passed out after some time spent in relative peace. “Probably you shouldn’t fall asleep,” Diana remarked “in the morning”. Maybe she's right. A viscous quagmire stood in the cranium, gurgling menacingly. Drowning in it, barely understanding and remembering everything, was simply a crime against humanity. It was already dark outside, but it was still possible to do without candles. I carefully pushed the blanket aside, reminding myself of the royal mummy secretly waking up in the tomb, and slowly sat up. Listened to feelings. It seems that everything is not so bad. Just think, my head is spinning ... And while I was listening like that, someone crept up behind me with a sledgehammer wrapped in felt and hit me on the head. 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System, consistency, composure ... and it is advisable not to lose objects in the immediate environment that you can rely on - it’s good that everything was, in general, in order with the right hand. nine0005 I crawled out of my own bed like a thief in the night - it was not worth waking up the monsters half-bitten into some parts of the body, or lying in wait next to the felt sledgehammer. The next problem was finding clothes - a minor part of the problem and getting into them - a big part of the problem. It was possible, of course, to call Michel, but to hell - clucking will begin again that I should lie quietly to myself, as in a wooden box, and I didn’t have the extra strength to argue with someone yet. And it was worth checking if they were on something else before convincing anyone of something. Finally, I found something suitable, which would be easy to put on and look decent enough. 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There were muffled voices somewhere. In general, it was quiet. Who is left here now? Suddenly feeling uneasy about this, I moved to where the voices were coming from - it was not far away. It looks like in that small living room where we often gathered for our "military" councils. And the closer I got, slowly and carefully, but stubbornly, the more confidence matured that I was not mistaken. One of the voices belonged to Jeanne's brother. I breathed a sigh of relief. They are still here. Learn more Children learn to write Is your mama a llama printables Principle definition for kids Learning words for children Words start letter t How does an excavator work Easy reading words First grade number Toy rocks for dump trucks Free subscription for kids Goldilocks and the three bears free