Up and down opposites

Simple Opposite Words for Kids

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  Opposite words night and day

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  laurien / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images

Looking at opposite words is typically a child’s first look into antonyms and how to identify them. They might not realize it at the time, but this will be a pivotal skill for their growth in reading and understanding words. Find several simple opposite word lists for kids and activities you can use to enhance opposite word learning.

Easy Opposite Words for Kindergarteners

Kindergarteners are just learning the skill of opposites. Therefore, you’ll want to keep the opposites you offer them simple to ensure they can read and understand the words themselves. For kindergarteners just learning opposite words, you might try starting with these simple words.

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Fun Opposite Words Activity for Kindergarteners

Now that you’ve explored opposite words with your little kids, you might try this fun activity to really push learning. They should try to choose the opposites of the group.

1. Open, door, closed
2. Wet, dark, dry
3. Full, off, on
4. Big, little, tall
5. Shout, up, down
6. Love, hate, bad
7. Fast, tall, slow
8. Even, before, after
9. Even, odd, good
10. Night, sad, day

Simple opposite words kindergarteners

Opposite Words for Kids in Early Elementary

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As children gain stronger reading skills, you can advance the opposite words you offer them. While still simple opposite words for kids, these words will give them a bit more of a challenge to see the opposite.

Opposite Word Activity for Early Elementary

Those were definitely fun opposites. Now you can let kids try an activity using these opposites that are a little harder. Have them match up the opposites. And if it is a little hard, they can always refer back to their opposite chart!

Simple opposite words early elementary

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Opposite Words Describing People and Things

There are a lot of different opposite words for kids out there. Not only can they describe people but they can describe different things that are around your house.

To help demonstrate these words, you might look at things around your house or even people you know. Using cartoons or movies can also be a great way to show opposites like “Flynn Rider” is an ally to “Rapunzel” while “Gothel” can be an enemy.

Harder Opposite Words for Kids

Are you ready to give the kids a real challenge? You might try introducing a few harder opposite words for your kiddos to try out.

The Fun of Finding Opposites

Learning about opposites is a pivotal skill for kids, since this is their first real understanding of comparing and contrasting two things. While it might seem like a simple skill, it’s pivotal to their future learning and reading.

Don’t let your fun with opposites stop here. Instead, keep the fun going through fun kindergarten opposite activities. You can also figure out how to find the opposites of words and simple ways to make opposites.

Activity: Sing Together: “The Opposite Song”: Resources for Early Learning

Standards

MA Standards

Speaking and Listening/SL.PK.MA.1a: Observe and use appropriate ways of interacting in a group (e.g., taking turns in talking, listening to peers, waiting to speak until another person is finished talking, asking questions and waiting for an answer, gaining the floor in appropriate ways).

Head Start Outcomes

Social Emotional Development/Self-Regulation: Follows simple rules, routines, and directions.
Logic and Reasoning/Reasoning and Problem Solving: Classifies, compares, and contrasts objects, events, and experiences.
Language Development/Receptive Language: Attends to language during conversations, songs, stories, or other learning experiences.

PreK Learning Guidelines:

English Language Arts/Language 1: Observe and use appropriate ways of interacting in a group (taking turns in talking; listening to peers; waiting until someone is finished; asking questions and waiting for an answer; gaining the floor in appropriate ways).
English Language Arts/Reading and Literature 12: Listen to, recite, sing, and dramatize a variety of age-appropriate literature.

Sing Together: “The Opposite Song”

© Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department of Early Education and Care (Jennifer Waddell photographer). All rights reserved.

ELA Focus Skills: Phonological Awareness (Rhythm, Rhyme, and Repetition), Vocabulary (Opposites)

Remind children that in the book The Ugly Vegetables, the little girl thought the other gardens were beautiful but she felt her garden was ugly. Explain that the words beautiful and ugly mean two completely different things. Say, They are opposite words.

• Give a few more examples of opposite words. Say The opposite of the word yes is no. The opposite of the word up is down. Ask, What do you think the opposite of the word hot is? (cold) What about the opposite of the word happy? (sad)
• When you feel children have grasped the concept of opposite words, tell them you are going to teach them a song about opposites.

Sing “The Opposite Song” for children. As you sing the second and third verses, say the first word in each opposite pair, then start the next line and cue children to supply the opposite word. For example, you say stop/children say go. Repeat with yes/no, fast/slow, low/high, hi/bye, and wet/dry.

The Opposite Song
(sung to the tune of “Do You Know The Muffin Man?”)
Oh, do you know some opposites,
Some opposites,
Some opposites?
Oh, do you know some opposites?
Opposites are fun.

If I say stop, then you say go.
If I say yes, then you say no.
If I say fast, then you say slow.
Oh, opposites are fun.

If I say low, then you say high.
If I say hi, (wave hand), then you say bye.
If I say wet, then you say dry.
Oh, opposites are fun.

Take It Further: Encourage children to think of other opposites to include in the song. Other opposites might include dark/light, day/night, left/right, young/old, bought/sold, hot/cold, low/high, sell/buy, ground/sky.

Gesture, swipe, and tap navigation on iPhone 13 and other models with Face ID

Gestures on iPhone with Face ID allow you to navigate the interface, perform multiple tasks at once, change settings, and launch the most needed functions.

Basics

The side button is on the opposite side of the volume buttons. Turning on the iPhone, putting it to sleep, activating Siri, Apple Pay, and some other actions are performed using the side button. nine0003

Turn on or off

To turn on the device, press and hold the side button until the Apple logo appears on the screen.

To turn off the device, press and hold the side button and any of the volume buttons at the same time until the slider appears. Then move it.

Going to and from sleep mode

Lift iPhone or touch the screen to wake it up.

To put iPhone to sleep, press the side button. nine0003

Use Siri

Say "Hey Siri" or press and hold the side button.

Installing apps

Select the desired app from the App Store and double-click the side button to install it.

Using Apple Pay

Using gestures to navigate

To create a clean display, the Home button has been removed and navigation has been redesigned.

Unlock and go to the Home screen

To unlock iPhone with Face ID, look at your iPhone, then swipe up from the bottom of the lock screen. If iPhone is on a table or other flat surface, you can pick it up or touch the screen to wake it up.

To go to the Home screen, swipe up from the bottom of the screen.

Multitasking

Swipe up from the bottom of the screen and wait. If you're using an app, swipe right along the bottom edge of the screen to switch to another app. nine0003

Widget search

To see data for apps added to widgets, swipe right on your Home screen or Lock screen to go to Today view. You can also find widgets on the Home screen if you have added them to this screen.

Opening Control Center

To quickly change settings and customize apps using Control Center, swipe down from the top right corner of the screen.

View notifications

To view notifications such as phone calls, reminders, and messages, swipe down from the top of the screen.

Go to the top of the page

To go to the top of the page, swipe down from the bottom of the screen. Alternatively, quickly swipe up and down from the bottom of the screen.*

* This feature is disabled by default. To turn it on, go to Settings > Accessibility > Touch and turn on Ease of Access. nine0003

Publication date: March 04, 2022

On a visit to the antipodes | Science and life

Flight through the Earth

Science and life // Illustrations

Science and life // Illustrations

Science and life // Illustrations

Science and life // Illustrations

Zealand is an archipelago of seven small islands southeast of New Zealand. The original name "Antipodes" is due to the location of the islands in a place almost opposite the Greenwich Observatory. nine0003

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Do you remember how the adventures of the main character of the fairy tale "Alice in Wonderland" began? In pursuit of the White Rabbit, Alice darted into the hole without thinking how she would get back. At first, the hole went straight, then suddenly broke down, and Alice flew into a deep well ... The fall dragged on, the girl’s imagination played out, questions were born in her head one after another: “I wonder how many miles I have already flown? .. Which one am I now latitude and longitude? What if I fly through the whole Earth? There will be laughter: I’ll get out and find myself among people walking upside down and upside down! .. I’ll have to ask them what kind of country it is: New Zealand or Australia? nine0003

How many questions at once, and many are by no means childish! But why be surprised, because Alice asks them all the time. We will understand in order.

Flight through the Earth from one point on the surface to another, diametrically opposite to it, of course, is an invention, but what! Almost scientific, giving room for imagination and thought experiments. Just imagine: Alice would have to travel about 8,000 miles, or 12,900 km, observing the interior of our planet, as scientists describe it. She would see that the Earth consists of layers of different thicknesses and densities. To get to its center, you must first penetrate the earth's crust (its thickness can be compared to the thin skin of a very large apple). Then overcome the layer of viscous mantle and, somewhere halfway to the goal, plunge into a double core the size of Mars, liquid on the outside and solid inside...

"Top" and "bottom" are relative concepts

Let's say Alice flew through the Earth and ended up on the other side of it. She would be surprised that people there walk not on their hands, but on their feet! But if we imagine that the Earth is transparent and you can see what is happening on its opposite side, then the antipodes would really seem to the girl walking upside down and would be facing her with their feet. And Alice would look exactly the same in relation to them. In terms of geometry, the situation is symmetrical about the center of the Earth, while the person at point A and his antipode at point B are oppositely directed (Fig. 1). Further, for simplicity, we will consider the Earth as a ball, and diametrically opposite points A and B as poles. nine0003

It is unlikely that Alice would have made a mistake if she knew that “up” and “down” are relative concepts and are associated with the direction of gravity, that is, the force of attraction to the Earth, acting on all bodies that are on the surface of the planet or near it. Far beyond its borders, these concepts generally lose their meaning. The force of gravity, as you know, is directed towards the center of the Earth, so for any inhabitant of it, “down” is where the legs are, and “up” is where the head is. The exact direction "down" in any place, wherever we are, will be indicated by a small weight suspended on a rope, being in a state of equilibrium. So, the direction “down”, although different in different parts of the globe (and the antipodes are a clear confirmation of this), always means one thing - “towards the center of the Earth”, so that everywhere people walk with their heads up and nothing else! And we do not notice the difference in directions, because from the height of our own growth we are able to survey a piece of the Earth, negligibly small compared to its size; to the eye it appears flat, and all visible plumb lines are parallel. Is it any wonder that in ancient times, the Earth seemed to people a flat disk! It turns out that their naive ideas have a completely scientific explanation. nine0003

Shortcuts

Hypothetically, you can visit the antipodes “directly” if you fly through the globe through, or go around half the Earth, and such a path along its surface would be the shortest, as you can easily see by pulling the thread between the poles on the globe. Indeed, the central symmetry can be considered as a rotation around a given point by 180 ^about . Recall that in order to construct a point B, symmetrical to A with respect to the point O, you need to draw a straight line AO ​​and plot the segment OB = AO on it. Angle AOB is reversed, which means we just rotated point A around O by 180 ^about . Such a rotation can be carried out in any plane containing the line AO.

Since the plane is uniquely defined by three points that do not lie on one straight line, and we already have two points - poles A and B, it remains to choose the third one - we will denote it by the letter C. Where exactly? Yes, anywhere on the earth's surface, the model of which is the boundary of the ball - the sphere. The plane ABC will pass through the center of the sphere and intersect it along the line dividing the sphere in half (Fig. 2). This line is called a great circle and is analogous to a straight line on a plane. Just as on a plane the shortest path between two points runs along a straight line, on a sphere it runs along a great circle (Fig. 3). If points A and B were arbitrary, we would choose the smaller of the two arcs AB of the great circle. In this case, you can take any of the equal arcs with ends at points A and B.

It turns out that there are two shortest paths to the antipodes, they are “equal” and differ only in the direction of movement (in a circle from point A, you can move clockwise or counterclockwise). On the globe, our path will run along the meridian. Similarly, with an arbitrary choice of point A, it will pass along opposite meridians, including a part of each, that is, it will consist of arcs of two meridians forming a large circle. And how many paths will we have to choose from if point A is on the equator, and how will they lie? It turns out that there are four: to the two indicated, two more will be added - running along the equator, which is also a large circle. nine0003

Looking for coordinates

The position of any point A on the Earth's surface is determined by its geographical coordinates - latitude and longitude (Fig. 4). Latitude is the angle φ between the plane of the equator and the radius drawn to point A. It is measured by the arc of the meridian passing through this point, and is measured north or south of the equator in the range from 0 to 90 ^about . Longitude is the angle γ between the planes of the Greenwich (zero) meridian and the meridian, where point A lies. It is measured from the first to the west or east along the equator, ranging from 0 to 180 ^about .

If Alice knew all this, then, falling in a straight line to the center of the Earth, she would not ask herself the question: at what latitude and longitude is she now? After all, its distance to the center of the planet changed, and not the angles φ and γ. It would be another matter if Alice went on a journey across the earth's surface. Leaving point A in one hemisphere and going around half the Earth, moving along the meridians, it would end up at point B in the other hemisphere: at the same latitude φ, but on the other side of the equator and at longitude γ –180 ^about on the other side of the prime meridian. When calculating the coordinates of the antipodal point, the main thing is not to forget to replace the northern latitude with the southern one and vice versa, and the eastern longitude with the western one and vice versa. This general rule also applies to points located on the equator with zero latitude, and the North and South Poles with zero longitude.

As you can see, the calculation of the geographical coordinates of the antipode points is primarily a geometric task, and considerations of symmetry help to solve it. And the good thing is, we have a choice. It is not necessary to move from one point to another along the meridians and cross the Earth's pole, you can shorten the path by following the example of Carroll's quick-witted heroine: mentally draw the diameter AB and “go down” along it through the globe. nine0003

Where are you, land of antipodes?

Well, now let's answer the last question: where could Alice's meeting with the antipodes take place, if she managed to get from London to the other side of the Earth - in New Zealand, in Australia or somewhere else?

The coordinates of London are known: 51 ^o 30' s. sh., 0 ^o 7' w. e. The antipode point has coordinates 51 ^about 30' S. sh., 179 ^o 53' e. e. Looking at a globe or a map, we will see that this point is in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. No wonder: most settlements do not have terrestrial antipodes, since more than 70% of the Earth's surface is covered with water, and the main part of the land is concentrated in one hemisphere - the Northern. The land closest to the found point is located at a distance of about 240 km and is an archipelago with an area of ​​​​only 21 km ² . These are the Antipodean Islands (Fig. 5), discovered by the British in 1800 and so named because they lie near the meridian opposite to Greenwich.

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