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What are emotions for kids


emotion - Students | Britannica Kids

Introduction

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Human beings experience brief subjective responses called emotions as feelings such as joy, sadness, fear, or anger. In addition to involving a feeling, emotions involve chemical changes in the brain, physical changes in the body, and emotional behaviors, such as facial expressions. In other words, they represent a synthesis of physical processes, feelings one experiences, and behaviors that express what one feels. Emotions are more fleeting than moods, and they result from more specific stimuli. Some animals other than humans also are thought to experience emotions.

Complex and many-faceted, emotions are studied by people in a variety of disciplines. Neuroscientists study the structures and processes in the nervous system related to emotion, while associated activity in the body is studied by physiologists. Psychologists investigate the role of emotion in perception and learning, personality development, and behavior, among others. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists research, diagnose, and treat mood disorders such as depression and mania. The similarities and differences in the ways different cultures experience and express emotion are studied by social psychologists and anthropologists. Sociologists investigate how emotion shapes and is shaped by social interaction. Philosophers consider emotion in many aspects, including its causes and effects, its role in rationality, ethics, and religion, and its place in human life.

Importance

The word emotion comes from the Latin verb movere, which means “to move.” Emotions motivate human behavior, or move people to act in certain ways. Fear, for example, might make a person more cautious, while anger might spur one to take a bold or confrontational course. Most scientists agree that emotions are central to human survival and adaptation. Some psychologists and philosophers believe that mercy and other moral sentiments (as well as immoral ones) stem from emotions. They trace moral behavior to empathy, and empathy to feelings of sadness, compassion, and guilt. Emotions are important also to the development of basic personality traits and to physical and mental health. They are thought to foster creativity, and artistic sensibilities would not be possible without them.

© Svetlana Fedoseeva/Fotolia

Facial and other emotional expressions signal one’s feelings and intentions to others. They are vital to communication and form part of the foundation for social relations. As Charles Darwin wrote in his The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (published in 1872),

The movements of expression in the face and body…serve as the first means of communication between the mother and her infant; she smiles approval, and thus encourages her child on the right path, or frowns disapproval. We readily perceive sympathy in others by their expression…and mutual good feeling is thus strengthened.…The movements of expression…reveal the thoughts and intentions of others more truly than do words, which may be falsified.

Theories of Emotion

No one knows precisely how feelings such as joy, disgust, anger, or sadness occur. Evidence suggests that emotions can be activated in multiple ways, including through processes in one’s brain, changes in one’s body, sense perceptions, and mental activity. They may be triggered by external factors (such as by finding money on the street or by stubbing a toe), internal factors (such as by remembering or thinking about finding money or by pain caused by an infection), or a combination of both.

Moreover, emotions involve a personal interpretation of an event or situation. What one person feels is pleasant or unpleasant, for example, may differ greatly from what another feels is so. Emotions are influenced by—and in turn influence—what one perceives, learns, and remembers. In one study, for example, participants were made to feel either happy or angry and then shown pictures of faces and social scenes. The happy study participants interpreted more of the faces and interactions as happy or friendly, while the angry participants perceived more angry and hostile faces and scenes.

Theories that hold that one’s life experiences are the most important factor in determining how one will react emotionally are called constructivist. Constructivists focus on people’s interactions with their environment and how their memories, perceptions, beliefs, thoughts, and evaluations affect their emotions, and vice-versa. One’s individual genetic makeup also influences one’s emotions. Theories that stress the importance of biological factors in determining the intensity level and threshold of emotions are known as biosocial theories.

In the late 19th century, American psychologist William James proposed a theory of emotion that has been both highly influential and controversial. According to James’s model, emotion is associated with a stimulus triggering changes in a person’s body. These include internal changes (such as an increase in heart rate or breathing rate) as well as external expressions (such as smiling or crying) and actions. He proposed that emotion is a person’s perception of such bodily changes and expressions. In other words, he believed that people are happy because they smile or sad because they cry. Danish physician Carl Lange published a similar theory a few years later.

American physiologist Walter B. Cannon challenged these theories in the early 20th century. He pointed out that, among other things, bodily changes are similar for most kinds of emotions and thus could not account for the wide range of emotions people experience. He believed that emotions may arise in the thalamus, a structure located near the top of the brain stem that relays sensory signals to other parts of the brain.

Later studies have suggested that there are two separate pathways in the brain for the transmission of neural impulses involved in activating emotions. In one pathway, the thalamus relays information to the outer layer of the cerebrum, which is considered the seat of conscious mental processes. Emotions activated by memories, thoughts, or conscious evaluation of a stimulus are believed to be associated with this pathway.

On the other hand, emotions associated with a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus are activated through a pathway that bypasses the cerebrum—and thus reasoning. Such emotions emerge before the person consciously forms reasons for having them. In this pathway, the thalamus sends signals for evaluation to the limbic system, part of the brain below the cerebrum. The reticular formation, a mass of nerve cells and fibers in the brain stem, is also thought to be important to emotional activity. (See also brain and spinal cord.)

Emotion Facts for Kids

Emotions are what people feel. In terms of evolution, they are very ancient, and can be seen in all mammals.

Emotions are caused by a complex mixture of hormones and the unconscious mind. Only with great difficulty can we control our emotions by conscious effort. They cause mammals to change behaviour according to changes in their situation. In our case they sometimes run against our attempt to live our lives in a logical way.

A scientific definition is not simple;over 90 definitions have been offered by experts. A definition of emotion needs to includes three things:

  1. conscious experience (feelings)
  2. expressions which can be seen by others
  3. actions of the body ('physiological arousal')

Here is one definition:

"Emotion is a complex psychological phenomenon which occurs as animals or people live their lives. Emotions involve physiological arousal, appraisal of the situation, expressive behaviours, and conscious experience. Emotion is associated with feeling, mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation".

In physical terms, emotions involve body systems which have operated for hundreds of millions of years. These are the hormone system, the autonomic nervous system and the 'lower' brain centres (hindbrain and midbrain).

Contents

  • Etymology, definitions, and differentiation
  • Components
  • Classification
    • Basic emotions
  • Function of emotions
  • Related pages
  • Images for kids

Etymology, definitions, and differentiation

Sixteen faces expressing the human passions-coloured engraving by J. Pass, 1821, after Charles Le Brun

The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion as a catch-all term to passions, sentiments and affections. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term

Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioral, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.

Emotion can be differentiated from a number of similar constructs within the field of affective neuroscience:

  • Feelings are best understood as a subjective representation of emotions, private to the individual experiencing them.
  • Moods are diffuse affective states that generally last for much longer durations than emotions and are also usually less intense than emotions.
  • Affect is an encompassing term, used to describe the topics of emotion, feelings, and moods together, even though it is commonly used interchangeably with emotion.

In addition, relationships exist between emotions, such as having positive or negative influences, with direct opposites existing. These concepts are described in contrasting and categorization of emotions. Graham differentiates emotions as functional or dysfunctional and argues all functional emotions have benefits.

Components

In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although the inclusion of cognitive appraisal as one of the elements is slightly controversial, since some theorists make the assumption that emotion and cognition are separate but interacting systems, the component processing model provides a sequence of events that effectively describes the coordination involved during an emotional episode.

  • Cognitive appraisal: provides an evaluation of events and objects.
  • Bodily symptoms: the physiological component of emotional experience.
  • Action tendencies: a motivational component for the preparation and direction of motor responses.
  • Expression: facial and vocal expression almost always accompanies an emotional state to communicate reaction and intention of actions.
  • Feelings: the subjective experience of emotional state once it has occurred.

Classification

A distinction can be made between emotional episodes and emotional dispositions. Emotional dispositions are also comparable to character traits, where someone may be said to be generally disposed to experience certain emotions. For example, an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or quickly than others do. Finally, some theorists place emotions within a more general category of "affective states" where affective states can also include emotion-related phenomena such as pleasure and pain, motivational states (for example, hunger or curiosity), moods, dispositions and traits.

The classification of emotions has mainly been researched from two fundamental viewpoints. The first viewpoint is that emotions are discrete and fundamentally different constructs while the second viewpoint asserts that emotions can be characterized on a dimensional basis in groupings.

Basic emotions

Examples of basic emotions

For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (for example, disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.

Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven perspective but developed the "wheel of emotions", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation. Some basic emotions can be modified to form complex emotions. The complex emotions could arise from cultural conditioning or association combined with the basic emotions. Alternatively, similar to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience. For example, interpersonal anger and disgust could blend to form contempt. Relationships exist between basic emotions, resulting in positive or negative influences.

Function of emotions

Figure 21, "Horror and Agony", from a photograph by Guillaume Duchenne (more images)

The study of emotions became one of Darwin's books after The Descent of Man. He published The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in 1873. He had discovered, by sending letters and a list of questions worldwide, that in different societies emotions were expressed in almost the same way.

If so, the mechanisms which made the expressions must be inherited. They must have been developed in the same way as all other features of man, evolution by natural selection. It was already known from anatomy that the muscles and nerves of the face were the same or similar in all humans.

Darwin illustrated the expression of the emotions with a series of photographs and woodcut illustrations. Ekman did the same thing on a research visit to New Guinea, where he asked villagers to identify the emotions shown in the photographs. This was part of a long-term effort to test and extend Darwin's insights into emotions. Some of Ekman's conclusions are:

  1. Micro expressions last only a fraction of a second. They occur when people conceal their feelings. (p15, p222)
  2. Emotions are autoappraisers, reactions to matters which seem to be very important to our welfare. (p21)
  3. Emotions often begin so quickly that we are not aware of the processes in our mind which set them off. (p21)
  4. Autoappraisers scan for events which are critical to our welfare and survival. (p23)
  5. Our evolutionary heritage makes a major contribution to the shaping of our emotional responses. (p26)
  6. The desire to experience or not to experience an emotion motivates much of our behaviour. (p217)
  7. An efficient signal – clear, rapid and universal – informs others of how the emotional person is feeling. (p217)

Related pages

  • List of emotions

Images for kids

All content from Kiddle encyclopedia articles (including the article images and facts) can be freely used under Attribution-ShareAlike license, unless stated otherwise. Cite this article:

Emotion Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.

Emotions for children - we study feelings and emotions with children simply and clearly

We will introduce the child to the variety of human emotions, teach them to express their feelings and recognize the emotions of other people through exciting story games

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Why should a child study emotions?

Better understand yourself

It is sometimes difficult for a child to even realize, and even more so to formulate what he wants now, what he feels, why he suddenly became uncomfortable. And most importantly, understand what to do with it. Knowing the emotion "in the face", the child will not be at a loss in front of her.

Manage your emotions

Emotions arise uncontrollably, but how to dispose of them is up to us. Even a brave person can be frightened, but at the same time one will cry and hide, while the other will look fear in the face and defeat it. And this is exactly what you should learn from childhood - otherwise you won’t become successful.

Communicate more effectively with people

For productive communication, it is important to be able not only to recognize the emotions of others, but also to correctly express your own. Many will prefer to deal with a calm, friendly interlocutor, and not with a closed beech or a person who expresses his feelings too violently.

Protect yourself from manipulation

Each of us hides our true emotions in some situations. Sometimes it's a matter of etiquette. But sometimes people can pretend to benefit at our expense and even harm us on purpose. This is where basic knowledge of human emotions comes in handy.

What should a child know about emotions?

What are emotions and how they arise

The child should learn that emotions are a reaction to what happens to him. They help us to be aware of our attitudes to people and events, regulate behavior and better understand others. Emotions can arise spontaneously, but there is no need to be afraid of this - they can and should be controlled.

How to visually distinguish one or another emotion

People don't often talk about their feelings and emotions directly. How do you know if a person is scared or sad? Is he happy or nervous? Surprised or interested? Is he sincere? You can distinguish the emotions of other people based on their facial expressions, facial expressions, actions.

How to control your own emotions

Those who do not know how to cope with their emotions are perceived as ill-bred and unpleasant people. Children are usually forgiven for inappropriate expressions of emotions, but the sooner the child learns to take control of them, the better he will get along with people and the more he will achieve in the future.

How to introduce a child to emotions and feelings?

Be sincere with children

Parents who believe that the manifestation of emotions is a weakness and it is better to ignore them altogether will grow up unhappy, socially unadapted children. Feel free to express your feelings in front of a child: angry, laughing out loud, sad. Let him understand that different emotions are normal.

Pay attention to your child's emotions0009

If you see that the child, for example, is sad, turn to him: “You are sad. What's happened? And what do you think to do with it? It is important that he understands: he will not be punished for what he feels, you are ready to analyze his feelings with him - and you will always tell you how to express them, what to direct them to.

Expand your child's emotional vocabulary

Psychologists have noticed a connection between emotional vocabulary and communication and introspection skills. Use at home more synonyms for words denoting sensations. Address the shades of emotions. For example, the general “evil” may mean “irritated”, “angry”.

Read and analyze literature together

The ability to empathize is formed when a person imagines himself in the place of another. Invite the child to imagine how he would feel if he were in the place of one or another literary hero. What would you do with these emotions? Would you express them or hide them? How would you proceed from them?

Learning emotions with children in an interactive


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The structure of the course "Emotions for children"

10 THEMED LESSON GAMES 30-40 MINUTES EACH

Each lesson is dedicated to one of the situations or emotions. The theory for the lesson is presented in the format of short stories and interactive tasks designed for children aged 6-13.

40 FUN CHALLENGES BUILT INTO THE SCENARIO OF LESSON

Each lesson contains 5-7 tasks to consolidate the material covered. All tasks have a plot and bright illustrations or are presented in the form of a game.

UNLIMITED ACCESS TO ALL COURSE MATERIALS

The child will be able to take the course as many times as he needs. You buy the course once and can return to it even after 5 years.

INTERACTIVE KNOWLEDGE QUIZ GAME

The course ends with an interactive quiz game, for the successful completion of which the child receives a certificate. You will be confident in his knowledge!

What topics do we study in the course "Emotions for Children"?

Galaxy of Emotions

Joy and Sadness

Fear and Anger

Interest and Surprise

Trust and Aversion

Complex emotions

What is empathy?

Dating cloak

Control helmet

Find yourself

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Examples of tasks for the study of emotions

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"Introducing Emotions" is the first of four steps in the Emotional Intelligence course for children from Umnaziah. See what topics our students are studying in other levels.

Getting to know emotions

In this course, we will introduce the child to the spectrum of human emotions, try to understand their own feelings, and learn to recognize and recognize the emotions of others. How are curiosity and surprise related? Is it possible to stop worrying at the blackboard and is fear so terrible?

Personality types

The main objective of this course is to show the child the diversity of human characters. We are all different in some ways, but similar in some ways. Why do some guys easily make new acquaintances, while others are reluctant to make contact, and how do different people make decisions?

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Teamwork

The course is designed for children aged 9-13 and introduces the child to the basic principles of teamwork, teaches them to identify and take into account the strengths of each team member and give constructive feedback. 0057 feedback.

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The course is designed for children 7-10 years old. During the game, the child empathizes with the characters of the course, helps them cope with conflict situations and learns to predict the possible consequences of their decisions and actions.

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Children's Dictionary of Emotions - Definition of Emotions for Children

When a bright event occurs in life, we emotionally react to it. Every person is sad, funny, ashamed. How to explain to a child what emotions are?

Our vivid sensations are called emotions. There are quite a few of them. It is important to be able to distinguish them from each other: this helps to know oneself, the inner world of parents and friends, to make speech beautiful, expressive.

Differences between emotions and feelings:

  • feelings often last much longer;
  • emotions are superficial: quickly arise, quickly disappear;
  • feelings are specific, emotions are vague: "I'm scared" (emotion), "I'm afraid of her" (feeling).

Feeling - a set of complex emotions (for example, love consists of interest, joy, etc.)

What a child of senior preschool and primary school age should be able to:

  • quickly distinguish emotions from each other;
  • understand the emotional state of the interlocutor;
  • describe one's own mood;
  • choose suitable epithets to describe life situations.

Let's see what emotions exist and how they manifest.

Joy

This positive emotion is familiar to everyone: for example, people experience it when they win a competition, receive a long-awaited gift, hear praise.

The mood rises sharply, we begin to think optimistically: the future seems beautiful, and the world around us is benevolent.

Joy manifests itself in the form of a broad smile, light laughter.

Sadness

Sadness is a negative emotion that we encounter during unpleasant moments of life; the opposite of joy.

We feel sad when we lose, when our plans are violated. Emotion shows that a person's expectations have not materialized into reality.

Sadness also appears when we read dreary books or watch movies where something sad happens to the main characters.

Sadness is a slight despondency that does not last very long. The look goes out, the smile leaves the face, but later everything returns to normal.

Anger

A stormy, brightly colored negative emotion that can be beneficial - anger helps to start acting.

People get angry when something wrong, unfair from their point of view occurs on the path of life. For example, in a class, a quiet and calm classmate is offended, who does not wish harm to anyone - such a situation can cause the observer to become angry at the offenders.

Anger also signals that the surrounding reality does not allow one to achieve goals, to feel free and comfortable. A stranger got rude on the subway and stepped on his foot? This is one of the cases where anger is natural.

When angry, a person frowns, purses his lips, can look at one point. The opposite of anger is calmness, acceptance.

Fear

Fear is considered to be an evil, unpleasant and destructive emotion for a person, although it can save us from troubles.

This emotion is born when a person realizes that something bad is about to happen. The future threat is not always real, sometimes we ourselves come up with troubles that could happen in the future.

Fear makes our body muster all the strength to fight an obstacle: the heart beats loudly, the body tenses up, the skin turns red or pale.

When the human brain realizes that the threat has passed or turned out to be fictitious, peace returns, the normal state. The opposite of fear is a feeling of complete security.

Admiration

This is a pleasant, uplifting emotion. It arises when we encounter the beautiful, the unique, the rare.

For example, people experience admiration when visiting museums, art galleries. We admire the beauty, grandeur of nature, the complex and mysterious structure of the cosmos.

However, others can also cause this emotion - we like to watch talented people, their work (dance, drawing), follow scientists, heroes, researchers.

Simple things (a fashionable dress, a cute toy) also become an object of admiration. It all depends on the person who is watching what is happening, on his taste.

The opposite emotion of admiration is disgust, contempt.

How does it manifest itself? A person can smile, raise his eyebrows, slightly round his eyes.

In the online course "Emotions for Children" we will introduce the child to the variety of human feelings and emotions, teach them to assess the emotional state of the interlocutor and correctly express their own emotions. The course is designed in the format of an interactive story game and is designed for children 7-13 years old.

Shame

A very unpleasant emotion that destroys from the inside, feels like heaviness or burning (people who are ashamed often blush from this experience).

Shame arises when we do ugly or ridiculous things in public. The presence of witnesses is the basis for the emergence of shame. For example, a person will be ashamed of the fact that he cursed loudly in a public place (and then calmed down and regretted it) or slipped and fell into a puddle in front of everyone.

Emotion is born when behavior does not correspond to the ideal - personal or other people's. The opposite emotion is superiority, looseness.

Resentment

A negative emotion that has much in common with disappointment. Its opposite is a slight feeling of forgiveness.

We are offended by a person when he does not live up to our expectations: for example, the betrayal of a best friend causes resentment, because we expect support and loyalty from loved ones. Feeling empty, confused.

You can also meet with resentment when faced with injustice, when the situation cannot be corrected: a student has been preparing for participation in the school Olympiad for a long time, dreamed of winning, showing knowledge, but lost. In the soul, resentment accumulates at oneself, at unfortunate circumstances.

How is resentment manifested? The lip moves forward a little, the person hides his eyes.

Interest

When we meet something new, we automatically show a positive emotion called interest: we stop looking at the object of interest, raise our eyebrows, open our mouth.

People love information: remember how you pay attention to your friends' new clothes, watch bloggers making weird videos.

A person is attracted by unusual things, he hurries to study them, get to know them better and understand: what if knowledge will help in the future? Any fact can be useful.

We may be interested in specific activities, phenomena, people (this is how hobbies, new friends appear). Interest makes you search, reflect, develop intellect and imagination.

The opposite emotion of interest is boredom.

Surprise

Surprise is considered an unusual emotion: it can be both positive and negative.

Indeed, the things that surround us can pleasantly surprise us, and sometimes we experience surprise combined with disappointment or disgust.

For example, the courage of a person who saved a child during a fire, as well as the dishonesty of a thief who stole other people's things, can surprise.

How to recognize this emotion? The man raises his eyebrows, lips and eyes round.

Indifference is the exact opposite of surprise.

Disgust

When we strongly dislike something, we make faces and squint. Wrinkles appear around the mouth and eyes. This is disgust.

One can feel disgust towards real objects: such an emotion will be caused by spoiled food, mold.

They also feel disgust towards bad people who do terrible things (for example, criminals).

Why does disgust appear? This is how the brain reacts to things that can harm: cruel people, surfaces with harmful microbes, etc.

Delight, pleasure are emotions opposite to disgust.

Contempt

This emotion is externally manifested through pursed lips and a slightly slow look.

Unlike disgust, contempt can only be felt for people and their actions. Tastes, smells, objects are not included here.

Everyone has an idea in their head about what is good and what is bad. Contempt appears when a person does not correspond to our ideas about what is good and right. Sometimes this emotion helps us feel better than others.

Admiration and respect are emotions directly opposite to contempt.

Guilt

Causes a heavy sensation in the chest, intense gaze.

A person feels guilty when he realizes that the perfect deed was bad, wrong.

This is a state in which we punish ourselves for insults, insults of loved ones. Perhaps no one we know condemns us, but we feel that we need to ask for forgiveness.

The emotion of rightness, confidence is opposed to guilt.

Suffering, grief

Grief is an emotion that brings a huge amount of mental pain. We suffer when a beloved pet dies, a loved one dies.

In moments of grief, people cry, sob, refuse to have fun. Pay attention only to the unpleasant event that caused the suffering.

This is a complex process: sometimes the grief does not disappear for a long time.

A completely different emotion is the feeling of happiness, success, absolute satisfaction.

Anticipation

You have been dreaming of going on a trip for a long time, and your wish is becoming a reality: the tickets have been bought, it remains to be patient and wait. Life becomes more pleasant, you enjoy spending time waiting.

Sound familiar? This emotion is called anticipation: nothing happened, but you planned a good event and imagine what it will be like.

A person who is in anticipation becomes more energetic, smiles more often; the opposite of anticipation is hopelessness.

Pleasure

A positive emotion that makes us smile, laugh, feel short-term happiness.

Occurs when a person achieves a goal (not even a very important one) — you can get pleasure from a portion of ice cream, buying a gadget.

Unlike joy, pleasure is not a deep emotion. It's easier to get, but it disappears quickly. Joy pleases with its presence much longer.

Moreover, pleasure is more often associated with sensations that we receive with the help of the senses: for example, a pleasant smell, a feeling of coolness on a hot day, a soft pillow, etc.

The opposite is inconvenience, suffering.

Grief

This is an unpleasant emotion that occurs when contacting people, the outside world. Its opposite is joy.

When upset, the corners of the lips go down, the person looks sad.

Disappointment is born from our dissatisfaction: you and your friends dreamed of going to a cafe, but when you arrived, it turned out that it was already closed.

The emotion of grief does not torment us for a long time: a person is upset, but quickly realizes that the problem is not very serious. Grief is not such a painful emotion as grief, sadness.

Anger

Anger is an emotion directed at a person or phenomenon. A state of irritation, rage, hostility. The opposite is kindness, calmness.

When angry, people frown, cannot sit still, speak loudly.

People feel angry during a violent fight, wanting to hit the opponent; at the moment of humiliation, insult.

You can be angry with yourself: this is how a person shows that he is dissatisfied. For example, a broken leg is angry with himself for inattention and frivolity.

Humiliation

Every person has a sense of dignity. It is a feeling of value: "I exist, I deserve love and respect, my thoughts and desires have meaning."

When we are in a group (class, group of friends, family), people can put us down. They utter words that make you think: what if I'm bad, stupid, ugly, inept?

At the moment of humiliation, a person hides his gaze, may blush. Sometimes behavior changes: for example, after an evil mockery, a sociable classmate becomes quiet, withdrawn.

Emotion, the opposite of humiliation - veneration, support.

Fright

Fear appears when an unexpected and at the same time unpleasant situation arises; is the antonym of peace.

The man started to cross the road, but did not notice the car coming around the corner. I had to react quickly so as not to get under the wheels. The threat to life caused a strong fright.

Outwardly, fright manifests itself as follows: the heart beats faster, arms and legs may tremble, eyes become round, the person shudders.

Envy

Complicated emotion that destroys good mood and confidence. The opposite of friendliness.

Occurs when we compare ourselves with other people: for example, a classmate seems smarter and more beautiful. We regret that we do not have the same sharp mind, long hair.

Envy causes heaviness in the soul: a frown, lack of a smile. An envious person lives with pain, does not know how to get rid of it.

Emotion is often used for the right purposes — envy makes one develop, learn. But anger towards a person whom we envy will not bring any benefit.

Emotion recognition games

You need to be able to recognize other people's emotions, correctly assess the behavior of others. There are many games and exercises to practice the skill.

"Mirror"

The most popular game for developing children's emotional intelligence. You can play alone or in a group.

The host thinks of an emotion, depicts it with the help of facial expressions, gestures, posture. The task of the participants is to name the emotion and repeat it. Another option is for participants to guess the emotion, but portray the opposite.

“Name an Emotion”

Open photos of people, cartoon characters, fairy tales, games on the big screen. The child needs to describe what emotions each of them experiences.

Picture books are helpful: as you read aloud, pay attention to the illustrations: "How does the character feel and why?" An additional exercise makes the plot more interesting, develops imagination.

“Imagine…”

Make a list of situations that can cause conflicting emotions, positive and negative.

The task of the players is to tell what emotions visit them.

For example: “Imagine that you were going to wish your friend a happy birthday, but found out that he decided not to invite you to the party”, “Imagine that your jacket was torn at school because they wanted to harm”.

"Tell me about yourself"

The players stand in a circle. The host stands in the center with the ball, chooses a participant, throws the ball to him, asks the question: “What makes you happy?”, “What makes you angry?” The participant thinks, answers the question, passes the ball to another.

The game develops the skill of recognizing emotions, introspection. Participants react quickly, observe the emotional state of other players.

Theoretical training is not enough to quickly understand the shades of human emotions. Regular training in the form of a game, practical exercises are required. The emotionality of parents helps the child to begin to navigate in the world of emotions. It is necessary to discuss emotional responses to life events, to take time to discuss feelings and emotions.

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