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Sight Words | Sight Words: Teach Your Child to Read
Learn the history behind Dolch and Fry sight words, and why they are important in developing fluent readers.
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Follow the sight words teaching techniques. Learn research-validated and classroom-proven ways to introduce words, reinforce learning, and correct mistakes.
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Print your own sight words flash cards. Create a set of Dolch or Fry sight words flash cards, or use your own custom set of words.
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Play sight words games. Make games that create fun opportunities for repetition and reinforcement of the lessons.
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- Overview
- What Are Sight Words?
- Types of Sight Words
- When to Start
- Scaling & Scaffolding
- Research
- Questions and Answers
Sight words instruction is an excellent supplement to phonics instruction. Phonics is a method for learning to read in general, while sight words instruction increases a child’s familiarity with the high frequency words he will encounter most often.
The best way to learn sight words is through lots and lots of repetition, in the form of flashcard exercises and word-focused games.
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Sight words are words that should be memorized to help a child learn to read and write. Learning sight words allows a child to recognize these words at a glance — on sight — without needing to break the words down into their individual letters and is the way strong readers recognize most words. Knowing common, or high frequency, words by sight makes reading easier and faster, because the reader does not need to stop to try and sound out each individual word, letter by letter.
Sight Words are memorized so that a child can recognize commonly used or phonetically irregular words at a glance, without needing to go letter-by-letter.
Other terms used to describe sight words include: service words, instant words (because you should recognize them instantly), snap words (because you should know them in a snap), and high frequency words. You will also hear them referred to as Dolch words or Fry words, the two most commonly used sight words lists.
Sight words are the glue that holds sentences together.
These pages contain resources to teach sight words, including: sight words flash cards, lessons, and games. If you are new to sight words, start with the teaching strategies to get a road map for teaching the material, showing you how to sequence the lessons and activities.
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Sight words fall into two categories:
- Frequently Used Words — Words that occur commonly in the English language, such as it, can, and will.
Memorizing these words makes reading much easier and smoother, because the child already recognizes most of the words and can concentrate their efforts on new words. For example, knowing just the Dolch Sight Words would enable you to read about 50% of a newspaper or 80% of a children’s book. - Non-Phonetic Words — Words that cannot be decoded phonetically, such as buy, talk, or come. Memorizing these words with unnatural spellings and pronunciations teaches not only these words but also helps the reader recognize similar words, such as guy, walk, or some.
There are several lists of sight words that are in common use, such as Dolch, Fry, Top 150, and Core Curriculum. There is a great deal of overlap among the lists, but the Dolch sight word list is the most popular and widely used.
3.1 Dolch Sight Words
The Dolch Sight Words list is the most commonly used set of sight words.
Educator Dr. Edward William Dolch developed the list in the 1930s-40s by studying the most frequently occurring words in children’s books of that era. The list contains 220 “service words” plus 95 high-frequency nouns. The Dolch sight words comprise 80% of the words you would find in a typical children’s book and 50% of the words found in writing for adults. Once a child knows the Dolch words, it makes reading much easier, because the child can then focus his or her attention on the remaining words.
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3.2 Fry Sight Words
The Fry Sight Words list is a more modern list of words, and was extended to capture the most common 1,000 words. Dr. Edward Fry developed this expanded list in the 1950s (and updated it in 1980), based on the most common words to appear in reading materials used in Grades 3-9. Learning all 1,000 words in the Fry sight word list would equip a child to read about 90% of the words in a typical book, newspaper, or website.
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3.3 Top 150 Written Words
The Top 150 Written Words is the newest of the word lists featured on our site, and is commonly used by people who are learning to read English as a non-native language. This list consists of the 150 words that occur most frequently in printed English, according to the Word Frequency Book. This list is recommended by Sally E. Shaywitz, M.D., Professor of Learning Development at Yale University’s School of Medicine.
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3.4 Other Sight Words Lists
There are many newer variations, such as the Common Core sight words, that tweak the Dolch and Fry sight words lists to find the combination of words that is the most beneficial for reading development. Many teachers take existing sight word lists and customize them, adding words from their own classroom lessons.
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Before a child starts learning sight words, it is important that he/she be able to recognize and name all the lower-case letters of the alphabet.
When prompted with a letter, the child should be able to name the letter quickly and confidently. Note that, different from learning phonics, the child does not need to know the letters’ sounds.
Before starting sight words, a child needs to be able to recognize and name all the lower-case letters of the alphabet.
If a student’s knowledge of letter names is still shaky, it is important to spend time practicing this skill before jumping into sight words. Having a solid foundation in the ability to instantly recognize and name the alphabet letters will make teaching sight words easier and more meaningful for the child.
Go to our Lessons for proven strategies on how to teach and practice sight words with your child.
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Every child is unique and will learn sight words at a different rate. A teacher may have a wide range of skill levels in the same classroom.
Many of our sight words games can be adjusted to suit different skill levels.
Many of our activity pages feature recommendations for adjusting the game to the needs of your particular child or classroom:
- Confidence Builders suggest ways to simplify a sight words game for a struggling student.
- Extensions offer tips for a child who loves playing a particular game but needs to be challenged more.
- Variations suggest ways to change up the game a little, by tailoring it to a child’s special interests or making it “portable.”
- Small Group Adaptations offer ideas for scaling up from an individual child to a small group (2-5 children), ensuring that every child is engaged and learning.
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Our sight words teaching techniques are based not only on classroom experience but also on the latest in child literacy research.
Here is a bibliography of some of the research supporting our approach to sight words instruction:
- Ceprano, M. A. “A review of selected research on methods of teaching sight words.” The Reading Teacher 35:3 (1981): 314-322.
- Ehri, Linnea C. “Grapheme–Phoneme Knowledge Is Essential for Learning to Read Words in English.” Word Recognition in Beginning Literacy. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1998.
- Enfield, Mary Lee, and Victoria Greene. Project Read. www.projectread.com. 1969.
- Gillingham, Anna, and Bessie W. Stillman. The Gillingham Manual: Remedial Training for Students with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling, and Penmanship, 8th edition. Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service, 2014.
- Nist, Lindsay, and Laurice M. Joseph. “Effectiveness and Efficiency of Flashcard Drill Instructional Methods on Urban First-Graders’ Word Recognition, Acquisition, Maintenance, and Generalization.
” School Psychology Review 37:3 (Fall 2008): 294-308. - Shaywitz, Sally E. Overcoming Dyslexia: A New and Complete Science-Based Program for Reading Problems at Any Level. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003.
- Stoner, J.C. “Teaching at-risk students to read using specialized techniques in the regular classroom.” Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3 (1991).
- Wilson, Barbara A. “The Wilson Reading Method.” Learning Disabilities Journal 8:1 (February 1998): 12-13.
- Wilson, Barbara A. Wilson Reading System. Millbury, MA: Wilson Language Training, 1988.
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Dolch Sight Words List | Sight Words: Teach Your Child to Read
All the Dolch sight word lists, divided by grade, also available as printable PDFs.
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Five techniques for teaching Dolch sight words.
Learn proven ways to introduce words, reinforce learning, and correct mistakes.
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Print a set of Dolch sight word flash cards, or use our generator to create your own custom cards.
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Print cards and game boards for 18 Dolch sight word games. A fun way to reinforce sight words lessons!
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The Dolch Sight Words list is the most commonly used set of sight words. Educator Dr. Edward William Dolch developed the list in the 1930s-40s by studying the most frequently occurring words in children’s books of that era. The list contains 220 “service words” plus 95 high-frequency nouns. These words comprise 80% of the words you would find in a typical children’s book and 50% of the words found in writing for adults. Once a child knows this list of words, it makes reading much easier, because the child can then focus his or her attention on the remaining words.
The Dolch words are commonly divided into groups by grade level, ranging from pre-kindergarten to third grade, with a separate list of nouns.
There are a total of 315 Dolch Sight Words.
- Pre-K Dolch Sight Words
(40 words)a, and, away, big, blue, can, come, down, find, for, funny, go, help, here, I, in, is, it, jump, little, look, make, me, my, not, one, play, red, run, said, see, the, three, to, two, up, we, where, yellow, you
- Kindergarten Dolch Sight Words
(52 words)all, am, are, at, ate, be, black, brown, but, came, did, do, eat, four, get, good, have, he, into, like, must, new, no, now, on, our, out, please, pretty, ran, ride, saw, say, she, so, soon, that, there, they, this, too, under, want, was, well, went, what, white, who, will, with, yes
- First Grade Dolch Sight Words
(41 words)after, again, an, any, as, ask, by, could, every, fly, from, give, going, had, has, her, him, his, how, just, know, let, live, may, of, old, once, open, over, put, round, some, stop, take, thank, them, then, think, walk, were, when
- Second Grade Dolch Sight Words
(46 words)always, around, because, been, before, best, both, buy, call, cold, does, don’t, fast, first, five, found, gave, goes, green, its, made, many, off, or, pull, read, right, sing, sit, sleep, tell, their, these, those, upon, us, use, very, wash, which, why, wish, work, would, write, your
- Third Grade Dolch Sight Words
(41 words)about, better, bring, carry, clean, cut, done, draw, drink, eight, fall, far, full, got, grow, hold, hot, hurt, if, keep, kind, laugh, light, long, much, myself, never, only, own, pick, seven, shall, show, six, small, start, ten, today, together, try, warm
- Noun Dolch Sight Words
(95 words)apple, baby, back, ball, bear, bed, bell, bird, birthday, boat, box, boy, bread, brother, cake, car, cat, chair, chicken, children, Christmas, coat, corn, cow, day, dog, doll, door, duck, egg, eye, farm, farmer, father, feet, fire, fish, floor, flower, game, garden, girl, goodbye, grass, ground, hand, head, hill, home, horse, house, kitty, leg, letter, man, men, milk, money, morning, mother, name, nest, night, paper, party, picture, pig, rabbit, rain, ring, robin, Santa Claus, school, seed, sheep, shoe, sister, snow, song, squirrel, stick, street, sun, table, thing, time, top, toy, tree, watch, water, way, wind, window, wood
- All Dolch Sight Words by group
- All Dolch Sight Words in alphabetical order
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Enable or disable Excel table headers
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When an Excel spreadsheet is created, a header row is automatically added to its first row, but you can turn it on or off.
When you create a table, you can use the first row of your data as a header row by checking the box Table with headers :
If you choose not to use your own columns, Excel will add standard names such as "Column1", "Column2" , and so on, but you can change them at any time. Keep in mind that if your data has a header line but you choose not to use it, Excel will treat it as data. In the following example, you would delete row 2 and rename row 2 to standard caps. Excel will mistakenly see it in the data.
Notes:
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The screenshots in this article were taken in Excel 2016. If you're using a different version, the interface may look slightly different, but the functionality is the same.
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The table header row should not be confused with sheet column headers or printed page headers. For more information, see Print rows with columns of columns at the top of every page.
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Disabling the header row disables the autofilter and removes all applied filters from the table.
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If a column is added to a table with table headers disabled, the name of the new table header cannot be determined by autocomplete because it is based on the value of the table column header immediately to the left of the new column. Autocomplete is only possible when the table headers are displayed.
Instead, a standard table header will be added, which can be changed after the headers are displayed. -
Although headings that are disabled can be referenced in formulas, they cannot be referenced by highlighting them. References to a hidden table header return null values (0), but they remain unchanged and will return the values of the table header when you display it again. All other table header references (such as A1 or RC style references) are adjusted when the header is disabled, and this can cause formulas to return unexpected results.
Show or hide the title bar
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Click anywhere in the table.
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Select Table Tools > Designer .
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Under Table Style Options , select the Header Row check box to display headings.
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If you rename the headers and then turn off the header row, the values you entered will be restored when the headers are displayed again.
Notes:
-
The screenshots in this article were taken in Excel 2016. If you're using a different version, the interface may look slightly different, but the functionality is the same.
-
The table header row should not be confused with sheet column headers or printed page headers. For more information, see Print rows with columns of columns at the top of every page.
-
Disabling the header row disables the autofilter and removes all applied filters from the table.
-
If a column is added to a table with table headers disabled, the name of the new table header cannot be determined by autocomplete because it is based on the value of the table column header immediately to the left of the new column.
Autocomplete is only possible when the table headers are displayed. Instead, a standard table header will be added, which can be changed after the headers are displayed. -
Although headings that are disabled can be referenced in formulas, they cannot be referenced by highlighting them. References to a hidden table header return null values (0), but they remain unchanged and will return the values of the table header when you display it again. All other table header references (such as A1 or RC style references) are adjusted when the header is disabled, and this can cause formulas to return unexpected results.
Show or hide the title bar
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Click anywhere in the table.
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Click the Table tab on the ribbon.
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Under Table Style Options , select the Header Row check box to display headings.
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If you rename the headers and then turn off the header row, the values you entered will be restored when the headers are displayed again.
Showing and hiding the title bar
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Click anywhere in the table.
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On the Home tab on the ribbon, click the down arrow next to the Table button and select row with a capital title.
-OR-
On the Table Design tab > Style Options > header line.
Additional information
You can always ask the Excel Tech Community a question or ask for help in the Answers community.
See also
Introduction to Excel spreadsheets
Video: Create an Excel Spreadsheet
Create and delete an Excel table
Formatting an Excel table
Resizing a table by adding or removing rows and columns
Filtering data in a range or table
Using Structured References in Excel Spreadsheets
Converting a table to a range
Russian-English dictionary, translation into English
wordmap
Russian-English dictionary - demonstrative erudition
Russian-English dictionary - the prerogative to use the variant functionality, numbering several hundred thousand unique English words.
To use the service, you will need to specify your preferred word in Russian: the English translation will be displayed in a pop-up list.
Russian-English Dictionary is an automated system that displays search results by relevance. The desired translation into English will be at the top of the list: alternative words are listed in order of how often they are used by native speakers. When you click on a query, a page with a selection of phrases will open: the system will display examples of using the searched word.
The Russian-English dictionary contains a search string, where a query is specified, and then a direct search is started. The system can "offer" the user examples of how to use the word: "hello" in English, "chrysanthemum" in English. Additional system options - display parts of speech (will be highlighted in the appropriate color). In WordMap, the Russian-English dictionary is characterized by the presence of a query filtering function, which will allow you to "weed out" unnecessary phrases.
Application of service and dignity
English translation with WordMap service - an opportunity to improve the student's vocabulary. Additional benefits in the use of WordMap:
- Words with different meanings that are optimized for any level of English proficiency;
- Russian-English dictionary contains examples to improve the practical skills of spoken English;
- The list of results shows all possible synonyms and paronyms that are common in complex English.
WordMap online service offers a space for improving intellectual abilities, contributes to effective preparation for the exam. A quick translation into English can be used for a gaming purpose: to compete with a colleague or teammate; challenge the teacher by exceeding the expectations of your own mentor.
Just searched:
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In the Oblivion Cam 9 seconds ago
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