H and m grow

Printed Sweatshirt - Light green/Grow - Kids

$9.99

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Crew-neck sweatshirt in cotton-blend fabric with long sleeves and ribbing at neckline, cuffs, and hem. Soft, brushed inside.

Composition

Cotton 60%, Polyester 40%

Additional material information'

Art. No.

0922696023

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SHIPPING: Shipping is available to customers at least 13 years of age with a valid US shipping and billing address. RETURNS: Easy online returns within 30 days (return fee $5.99). Free return or exchange in-store with the exception of H&M HOME items purchased online.These items must be returned by mail only. PAYMENT: We accept card payments via Visa, Apple Pay, MasterCard, Discover and American Express. You can also pay with Klarna's flexible payment options, PayPal and H&M Gift Cards. Learn more on our customer service pages.

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messages.garmentLength: Regular length
messages.sleeveLength: Long sleeve
messages.clothingStyle: Sweatshirt
messages.neckLineStyle: Crew-neck
Composition: Cotton 60%, Polyester 40%
Care instructions: Tumble dry medium; Only non-chlorine bleach when needed; No dry clean; Do not iron on print; Medium iron; Machine wash cool
Description: Light green/light pink/white; Grow your own way; Flowers
Imported: Yes
Art. No.: 0922696023

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Relaxed Fit Printed Sweatshirt - Dark beige/Grow Your Own Way - Men

$29.99

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Relaxed-fit sweatshirt in cotton-blend fabric with a printed motif and soft, brushed inside. Round neck and ribbing at neck, cuffs, and hem.

Size

The model is 186cm/6'1" and wears a size M

Fit

Relaxed fit

Composition

Cotton 60%, Polyester 40%

Art. No.

0981416028

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messages.garmentLength: Regular length
messages.sleeveLength: Long sleeve
Fit: Relaxed fit
messages.clothingStyle: Sweatshirt
messages.neckLineStyle: Round Neck
Composition: Cotton 60%, Polyester 40%
Care instructions: Tumble dry medium; Only non-chlorine bleach when needed; No dry clean; Do not iron on print; Medium iron; Machine wash cool
Material: French Terry
Description: Dark beige/dark blue; Grow your own way; Flowers
Imported: Yes
Art. No.: 0981416028

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Heat of the Earth | Science and life

In our country, rich in hydrocarbons, geothermal energy is a kind of exotic resource, which in the current state of affairs is unlikely to compete with oil and gas. Nevertheless, this alternative form of energy can be used almost everywhere and quite efficiently.

Photo by Igor Konstantinov.

Change in soil temperature with depth.

Increase in the temperature of thermal waters and their host dry rocks with depth.

Change in temperature with depth in different regions.

The eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull is an illustration of violent volcanic processes occurring in active tectonic and volcanic zones with a powerful heat flow from the earth's interior.

Installed capacities of geothermal power plants by countries of the world, MW.

Distribution of geothermal resources on the territory of Russia. The reserves of geothermal energy, according to experts, are several times higher than the energy reserves of organic fossil fuels. According to the Geothermal Energy Society Association.

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Geothermal energy is the heat of the earth's interior. It is produced in the depths and comes to the surface of the Earth in different forms and with different intensity.

The temperature of the upper layers of the soil depends mainly on external (exogenous) factors - sunlight and air temperature. In summer and during the day, the soil warms up to certain depths, and in winter and at night it cools down following the change in air temperature and with some delay, increasing with depth. The influence of daily fluctuations in air temperature ends at depths from a few to several tens of centimeters. Seasonal fluctuations capture deeper layers of soil - up to tens of meters.

At a certain depth - from tens to hundreds of meters - the temperature of the soil is kept constant, equal to the average annual air temperature near the Earth's surface. This is easy to verify by going down into a fairly deep cave.

When the average annual air temperature in a given area is below zero, this manifests itself as permafrost (more precisely, permafrost). In Eastern Siberia, the thickness, that is, the thickness, of year-round frozen soils reaches 200–300 m in places.

From a certain depth (its own for each point on the map), the effect of the Sun and the atmosphere weakens so much that endogenous (internal) factors come first and the earth's interior is heated from the inside, so that the temperature begins to rise with depth.

The heating of the deep layers of the Earth is associated mainly with the decay of the radioactive elements located there, although other sources of heat are also named, for example, physicochemical, tectonic processes in the deep layers of the earth's crust and mantle. But whatever the cause, the temperature of rocks and associated liquid and gaseous substances increases with depth. Miners face this phenomenon - it is always hot in deep mines. At a depth of 1 km, thirty-degree heat is normal, and deeper the temperature is even higher.

The heat flow of the earth's interior, reaching the surface of the Earth, is small - on average, its power is 0. 03-0.05 W / m ² ,
or approximately 350 W h / m ² per year. Against the background of the heat flow from the Sun and the air heated by it, this is an imperceptible value: the Sun gives each square meter of the earth's surface about 4000 kWh annually, that is, 10,000 times more (of course, this is on average, with a huge spread between polar and equatorial latitudes and depending on other climatic and weather factors).

The insignificance of the heat flow from the depths to the surface in most of the planet is associated with the low thermal conductivity of rocks and the peculiarities of the geological structure. But there are exceptions - places where the heat flow is high. These are, first of all, zones of tectonic faults, increased seismic activity and volcanism, where the energy of the earth's interior finds a way out. Such zones are characterized by thermal anomalies of the lithosphere, here the heat flow reaching the Earth's surface can be many times and even orders of magnitude more powerful than the "usual" one. A huge amount of heat is brought to the surface in these zones by volcanic eruptions and hot springs of water.

It is these areas that are most favorable for the development of geothermal energy. On the territory of Russia, these are, first of all, Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and the Caucasus.

At the same time, the development of geothermal energy is possible almost everywhere, since the increase in temperature with depth is a ubiquitous phenomenon, and the task is to “extract” heat from the bowels, just as mineral raw materials are extracted from there.

On average, the temperature increases with depth by 2.5–3 ^about C for every 100 m. The ratio of the temperature difference between two points lying at different depths to the difference in depth between them is called the geothermal gradient.

The reciprocal is the geothermal step, or the depth interval at which the temperature rises by 1 ^o C.

The higher the gradient and, accordingly, the lower the step, the closer the heat of the Earth's depths approaches the surface and the more promising this area is for the development of geothermal energy.

In different areas, depending on the geological structure and other regional and local conditions, the rate of temperature increase with depth can vary dramatically. On the scale of the Earth, fluctuations in the values of geothermal gradients and steps reach 25 times. For example, in the state of Oregon (USA), the gradient is 150 ^o C per 1 km, and in South Africa it is 6 ^o C per 1 km.

The question is, what is the temperature at great depths - 5, 10 km and more? If the trend continues, the temperature at a depth of 10 km should average about 250-300 ^to C. This is more or less confirmed by direct observations in superdeep wells, although the picture is much more complicated than the linear increase in temperature.

For example, in the Kola superdeep well drilled in the Baltic crystalline shield, the temperature changes at a rate of 10 C/1 km to a depth of 3 km, and then the geothermal gradient becomes 2–2. 5 times greater. At a depth of 7 km, a temperature of 120 ^about C was already recorded, at 10 km - 180 ^o C, and at 12 km - 220 ^o C.

Another example is a well laid in the Northern Caspian region, where at a depth of 500 m a temperature of 42 ^o C was recorded, at 1.5 km - 70 ^o C, at 2 km - 80 ^o C, at 3 km - 108 ^or C.

It is assumed that the geothermal gradient decreases starting from a depth of 20–30 km: at a depth of 100 km, the estimated temperatures are about 1300–1500 ^o C, at a depth of 400 km - 1600 ^o C, in the core of the Earth (depths over 6000 km) - 4000-5000 ^o C.

At depths up to 10-12 km, the temperature is measured through drilled wells; where they do not exist, it is determined by indirect signs in the same way as at greater depths. Such indirect signs may be the nature of the passage of seismic waves or the temperature of the erupting lava.

However, for the purposes of geothermal energy, data on temperatures at depths of more than 10 km are not yet of practical interest.

There is a lot of heat at depths of several kilometers, but how to raise it? Sometimes nature itself solves this problem for us with the help of a natural coolant - heated thermal waters that come to the surface or lie at a depth accessible to us. In some cases, the water in the depths is heated to the state of steam.

There is no strict definition of the concept of "thermal waters". As a rule, they mean hot groundwater in a liquid state or in the form of steam, including those that emerge on the Earth's surface with a temperature above 20 ^about C, that is, as a rule, higher than the air temperature.

The heat of groundwater, steam, steam-water mixtures is hydrothermal energy. Accordingly, energy based on its use is called hydrothermal.

The situation is more complicated with the extraction of heat directly from dry rocks - petrothermal energy, especially since sufficiently high temperatures, as a rule, begin from depths of several kilometers.

On the territory of Russia, the potential of petrothermal energy is a hundred times higher than that of hydrothermal energy - 3,500 and 35 trillion tons of equivalent fuel, respectively. This is quite natural - the warmth of the Earth's depths is everywhere, and thermal waters are found locally. However, due to obvious technical difficulties, most of the thermal waters are currently used to generate heat and electricity.

Water temperatures from 20-30 to 100 ^about C are suitable for heating, temperatures from 150 ^about C and above - and for the generation of electricity at geothermal power plants.

In general, geothermal resources on the territory of Russia, in terms of tons of reference fuel or any other unit of energy measurement, are approximately 10 times higher than fossil fuel reserves.

Theoretically, only geothermal energy could fully meet the energy needs of the country. In practice, at the moment, in most of its territory, this is not feasible for technical and economic reasons.

In the world, the use of geothermal energy is most often associated with Iceland, a country located at the northern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in an extremely active tectonic and volcanic zone. Probably everyone remembers the powerful eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 2010.

It is thanks to this geological specificity that Iceland has huge reserves of geothermal energy, including hot springs that come to the surface of the Earth and even gushing in the form of geysers.

In Iceland, more than 60% of all energy consumed is currently taken from the Earth. Including due to geothermal sources, 90% of heating and 30% of electricity generation are provided. We add that the rest of the electricity in the country is produced by hydroelectric power plants, that is, also using a renewable energy source, thanks to which Iceland looks like a kind of global environmental standard.

The "taming" of geothermal energy in the 20th century helped Iceland significantly economically. Until the middle of the last century, it was a very poor country, now it ranks first in the world in terms of installed capacity and production of geothermal energy per capita, and is in the top ten in terms of absolute installed capacity of geothermal power plants. However, its population is only 300 thousand people, which simplifies the task of switching to environmentally friendly energy sources: the need for it is generally small.

In addition to Iceland, a high share of geothermal energy in the total balance of electricity production is provided in New Zealand and the island states of Southeast Asia (Philippines and Indonesia), the countries of Central America and East Africa, whose territory is also characterized by high seismic and volcanic activity. For these countries, at their current level of development and needs, geothermal energy makes a significant contribution to socio-economic development.

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Microcephaly

Magnitude of the problem

\nMicrocephaly is a rare condition. The prevalence of microcephaly is estimated to vary considerably due to different definitions and depending on target populations. Scientists are investigating a potential, though unproven, link between an increase in microcephaly cases and Zika virus infection.

Diagnosis

\nMicrocephaly can sometimes be diagnosed with a fetal ultrasound. The most appropriate period for diagnosis is the end of the second trimester (about 28 weeks) or the third trimester of pregnancy.

\nChild circumference of newborns should be measured at least 24 hours after birth and compared with the WHO standard child development indicators. The results are interpreted taking into account the gestational age of the child, as well as his height and weight. If there is suspicion, the child is sent for examination to the pediatrician and for a brain scan, the circumference of his head is measured once a month in early infancy and compared with standard indicators. Doctors should also test for known causes of microcephaly.

Causes of microcephaly

\nMicrocephaly has many potential causes, but often the cause remains unknown. The most common causes include:

intrauterine infections: toxoplasmosis (caused by a parasite found in meat that has not been properly cooked), rubella, herpes, syphilis, cytomegalovirus, and HIV;
exposure to toxic chemicals: maternal exposure to heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury, alcohol, radiation, and smoking;
genetic pathologies such as Down syndrome; and
severe malnutrition during fetal development. Signs and symptoms with vision. Some children with microcephaly develop quite normally.

\n

Treatment and care

\n

\nThere is no specific treatment for microcephaly. A multidisciplinary team is needed to evaluate and treat newborns and children with microcephaly. Early promotional activities and play programs can have a positive impact on development. Family counseling and parental support are also very important.

\n

WHO activities

\n

\nSince mid-2015, WHO has been working closely with the Americas to investigate and respond to the outbreak.

\n

\nThe Strategic Response Program and Joint Action Plan outlines steps being taken by WHO and partners in response to Zika virus and potential complications:

\n
- Working closely with affected countries to conduct outbreak investigations caused by the Zika virus and responding to an unusual rise in microcephaly cases.
- Engage with local communities to communicate the risks of Zika virus disease and how they can protect themselves.
- Provide advice and mitigate the potential impact on women of childbearing age and pregnant women and families affected by the Zika virus.
- Assist affected countries to improve care for pregnant women and families with children born with microcephaly.
- Investigation of the reported increase in cases of microcephaly and possible association with Zika virus infection, with the participation of experts and partners.
\n

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Basic Facts
- Microcephaly is a condition in which a baby is born with a small head or the head stops growing after birth.
- Microcephaly is a rare condition. One child out of several thousand children is born with microcephaly.
- The most reliable way to detect microcephaly in an infant is to measure the circumference of the infant's head 24 hours after birth, compare this value with the WHO standard child development indicators, and then measure head growth in early infancy.
- Children born with microcephaly may experience seizures as they grow, as well as physical and learning disabilities.
- There is no specific test to detect microcephaly in a fetus, but an ultrasound scan in the third trimester of pregnancy can sometimes reveal the problem.
- There is no specific treatment for microcephaly.
Microcephaly is a neonatal malformation in which the baby's head is much smaller than other babies of the same age and sex. Combined with improper brain development, children with microcephaly may develop developmental disabilities. The severity of microcephaly varies from mild to severe.

Magnitude of the problem

Microcephaly is a rare condition. The prevalence of microcephaly is estimated to vary considerably due to different definitions and depending on target populations. Scientists are investigating a potential, though unproven, link between an increase in microcephaly cases and Zika virus infection.

Diagnosis

Microcephaly can sometimes be diagnosed with a fetal ultrasound. The most appropriate period for diagnosis is the end of the second trimester (about 28 weeks) or the third trimester of pregnancy.

Head circumference of newborns should be measured at least 24 hours after birth and compared with WHO standard child development indicators. The results are interpreted taking into account the gestational age of the child, as well as his height and weight. If there is suspicion, the child is sent for examination to the pediatrician and for a brain scan, the circumference of his head is measured once a month in early infancy and compared with standard indicators. Doctors should also test for known causes of microcephaly.

Causes of microcephaly

Microcephaly has many potential causes, but often the cause remains unknown. The most common causes include:
- intrauterine infections: toxoplasmosis (caused by a parasite found in undercooked meat), rubella, herpes, syphilis, cytomegalovirus and HIV;
- exposure to toxic chemicals: maternal exposure to heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury, alcohol, radiation and smoking;
- genetic pathologies such as Down syndrome; and
- severe malnutrition during fetal development.
Signs and symptoms

Many babies born with microcephaly may have no other symptoms at birth, but may later develop epilepsy, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, hearing loss, and vision problems. Some children with microcephaly develop quite normally.

Treatment and care

There is no specific treatment for microcephaly. A multidisciplinary team is needed to evaluate and treat newborns and children with microcephaly. Early promotional activities and play programs can have a positive impact on development. Family counseling and parental support are also very important.

WHO activities

Since mid-2015, WHO has been working closely with the Americas to investigate and respond to the outbreak.

The Strategic Response Program and Joint Action Plan outlines steps being taken by WHO and partners in response to Zika virus and potential complications:
- Working closely with affected countries to investigate the Zika virus outbreak and respond to unusual an increase in the incidence of microcephaly.
- Engage with communities to communicate the risks of Zika virus disease and how they can protect themselves.
- Provide advice and mitigate the potential impact on women of childbearing age and pregnant women and families affected by the Zika virus.
- Assistance to affected countries to improve care for pregnant women and families with children born with microcephaly.
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H and m grow

Printed Sweatshirt - Light green/Grow - Kids

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Relaxed Fit Printed Sweatshirt - Dark beige/Grow Your Own Way - Men

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Heat of the Earth | Science and life

Magnitude of the problem

Diagnosis

Causes of microcephaly

Treatment and care

WHO activities

Basic Facts

Magnitude of the problem

Diagnosis

Causes of microcephaly

Signs and symptoms

Treatment and care

WHO activities

Learn more